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125 results for “plant galls”
CGP01 Gall-insect densities on selected plant species in watersheds with different fire frequencies
Long-term monitoring of gall-insect densities on Solidago canadensis, Vernonia baldwinii, and Ceanothus herbaceous. Gall abundances are censused in watersheds burned at one- to twenty- year intervals to asses the role of fire frequency and time since fire on gall-insect population dynamics. The data sets contain the following: Watershed fire frequency, number of growing seasons since last fire, plant species, number of galled stems, and number of censused stems. Censuses conducted for the 1989-1996 growing seasons except 1992 and 1994, next scheduled census is fall 1997.
Figure 5 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 5. Coxigenital region of Aceria rhodiolae females from (A) Russia, and (B,C,E) Nunavik, Canada. (A,B) Differential interference contrast light microscopy, (C,E) scanning electron micrograph, (D) line drawing. Scale on (B) also applies to (A). Notations on (D) indicate palp, leg and idiosomal setae, and coxal apodemes (ap1, ap2, ap; pra, prosternal apodeme). Other arrows elsewhere indicate characteristic ridges on coxal plates (a,b,c); genital flange (fl), and underlying postgenital plate (pp), which bears setae 3a and extends anterolaterally into lateral flaps (f) that flank the genital coverflap; and ventral ridges on femur, genu, and coxal fields (E).
Figure 8 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 8. (A) Healthy infructescence of a Rhodiola rosea plant from Nunavik (Canada) versus (B) a mite-infested inflorescence (mostly pale green or yellowish) that partly (centrally) developed into fruits (yellow to red). (C) Dried inflorescences from Labrador (Canada) with a few (upper right) to most (lower left) flowers galled, and a galled leaf (isolated, in the middle). (D) Dried inflorescences from western Russia that were preserved in an herbarium for over 100 years. (E,F) Enlargement of a galled flower and galled leaf from Labrador (same scale). Arrows point at some of the galled flowers (B‒D) or leaves (C). The scale on (C) also applies to (D), and is approximate for (A,B).
Figure 1 in A gall mite, Aceria rhodiolae (Acari: Eriophyidae), altering the phytochemistry of a medicinal plant, Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae), in the Canadian Arctic
Figure 1. (A) Map of Canada, showing the area surveyed for Rhodiola rosea in Nunavik, Québec (in white). The small arrow indicates a site where additional samples were taken in Labrador, Newfoundland. (B) Region along the coast of Ungava Bay where populations of R. rosea were surveyed (geographic extremes of study sites: northwest 61.078°N, 69.632°W; northeast 60.422°N, 64.839°W; south 58.023°N). Open circles indicate sites with at least a few galled plants, whereas solid circles indicate sites with no galled plants.
Data from: Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both
<p>Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades of specialist herbivorous insects is critically important to understand whether and how host shifts contribute to the origin of species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe of ~1000 species of phytophagous insects that induce gall formation on various organs of trees in the family Fagacae —primarily the oaks (genus <em>Quercus</em>; ~435 sp). The association of oak gall wasps with oaks is ancient (~50 my), and most oak species are galled by one or more gall wasp species. Despite the diversity of both gall wasp species and their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified the strong signal of host plant shifting among oak gall wasps that has been found in other phytophagous insect systems. However, most emphasis has been on the Western Palearctic and not the Nearctic where both oaks and oak gall wasps are considerably more species rich. We collected 86 species of Nearctic oak gall wasps from 10 of the 14 major clades of Nearctic oaks and sequenced >1000 Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) and flanking sequences to infer wasp phylogenies. We assessed the relationships of Nearctic gall wasps to one another and, by leveraging previously published UCE data, to the Palearctic fauna. We then used phylogenies to infer historical patterns of shifts among host tree species and tree organs. Our results indicate that oak gall wasps have moved between the Palearctic and Nearctic at least four times, that some Palearctic wasp clades have their proximate origin in the Nearctic, and that gall wasps have shifted within and between oak tree sections, subsections, and organs considerably more often than previous data have suggested. Given that host shifts have been demonstrated to drive reproductive isolation between host-associated populations in other phytophagous insects, our analyses of Nearctic gall wasps suggest that host shifts are key drivers of speciation in this clade, especially in hotspots of oak diversity. Though formal assessment of this hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous gall wasp species in our dataset show signals of host-associated genetic differentiation unconfounded by geographic distance, suggestive of barriers to gene flow associated with the use of alternative host plants.</p>
Figure 7 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 7. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n.: a) Galled leaf of Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.- Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), general aspect; b) Galls on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), longitudinal section.
Figure 1 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 1. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n.: a) Female head, frontal view; b) Male scape, pedicel and 1st–4th flagellomeres; c) Male 5th flagellomere; d) Female 5th flagellomere; d) Male 12th flagellomere.
Figure 5 in A new species of gall midge (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) on Ouratea cuspidata (A.St.-Hil.) Engl. (Ochnaceae), a plant endemic to Brazil
Figure 5. Cerciplanus maricaensis sp. n., pupal exuviae: a) Head and prothoracic spiracle, ventral view; b) Apical plate, dorsal view (apical seta broken); c) Last abdominal segments, dorsal view.
Figs. 11–13 in Lopesia leandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge associated with Leandra ionopogon (Mart.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae), a native plant to Brazil
Figs. 11–13. Lopesia leandrae, sp. n., female. 11. Fifth flagellomere. 12. 6th–8th abdominal segments (lateral view). 13. Cerci (ventral view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 3–4 in Lopesia leandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge associated with Leandra ionopogon (Mart.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae), a native plant to Brazil
Figs. 3–4. Lopesia leandrae, sp. n., pupa. 4. Head (ventral view).5. Seventh abdominal segment (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 1–2 in Lopesia leandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge associated with Leandra ionopogon (Mart.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae), a native plant to Brazil
Figs. 1–2. Lopesia leandrae, sp. n., larva 1. Prothoracic spatula and associated papillae (ventral view). 2. 8th–9th abdominal segments (ventral view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 11–13 in Lopesia indaiensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge feeding on Andira fraxinifolia Benth (Fabaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil
Figs. 11–13. Lopesia indaiensis, sp. n. 11. Female flagellomere 5. 12. Female abdominal segments 7–8 (lateral view). 13. Ovipositor (ventral view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 6–10 in Lopesia indaiensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge feeding on Andira fraxinifolia Benth (Fabaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil
Figs. 6–10. Lopesia indaiensis, sp. n. 6. Male head (frontal view). 7. Male flagellomere 5. 8. Male hindleg, tarsal claw and empodium. 9. Male abdominal segments 7–8 (lateral view). 10. Male terminalia (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 4–5 in Lopesia indaiensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge feeding on Andira fraxinifolia Benth (Fabaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil
Figs. 4–5. Lopesia indaiensis, sp. n. 4. Pupa, face (ventral view). 5. Pupa, anterior part (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.
Figs. 2–3 in Lopesia indaiensis (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), a new species of gall midge feeding on Andira fraxinifolia Benth (Fabaceae), an endemic plant in Brazil
Figs. 2–3. Lopesia indaiensis, sp. n. 2. Larva, sternal spatula with adjacent papillae (ventral view). 3. Larva, terminal segments (dorsal view).
FIG. 7 in A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis
FIG. 7. Minute pirate bugs, Montandoniola spp. (Anthocoridae: Oriini) and mirid bugs (Deraeocorinae) associated with leaf-roll gall produced by Gynaikothrips spp. (Thysanoptera: Tubulifera) (B and E) on Ficus microcarpa in Okinawa, Japan (A, C−D), Nakhon Nayok, Thailand (B), and Siem Reap, Cambodia (F), and termatophyline mirid from Nagasaki, Japan (G). A. Typical leaf-roll (or curl) galls (red arrow). B. Adult (blue arrow) and final instar nymph (yellow arrow) of Montandoniola sp. (possibly undescribed) with colonized Gynaikothrips sp. C, D. Montandoniola thripodes Bergroth, male adult. E. Gall-making thrips, Gynaikothrips ficorum (Marchal), adult. F. Fingulus sp. (Deraeocorini) (left) and Montandoniola sp. (right). G. Termatophylum hikosanum Miyamoto (Termatophylini), female adult on Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. (Oleaceae).
FIG 3. Scanning electron micrographs for Chimairacoris lakshmiae. A. Head, left ventrolateral view. B. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. C. Profemur. D, E. Pretarsus. F in A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis
FIG 3. Scanning electron micrographs for Chimairacoris lakshmiae. A. Head, left ventrolateral view. B. Thoracic pleura, left lateral view. C. Profemur. D, E. Pretarsus. F. Male abdomen (sternum).
FIG. 2 in A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis
FIG. 2. Habitus images of Chimairacoris lakshmiae. A. Adult, dorsal habitus. B. Head and thorax in ventral view. C. Head and thorax in ventral view. D. Third instar nymph. E. Final (fifth) instar nymph.
FIG. 5 in A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis
FIG. 5. Male genitalia of Chimairacoris lakshmiae. Apical part of pygophore cracked along the midline appears to be a result of preparation or dissection, or this part may be weakly sclerotized (cf. fig. 3F).
FIG 1. A in A Remarkable New Genus and New Species of the Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae), Inhabiting Psyllid Leaf Margin Roll Gall on Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis
FIG 1. A. Dorsal habitus of Chimairacoris lakshmiae, adult. B. Same, fifth instar nymph. C. Eggs, chorion exposed on gall surface. D. Eggs laid in a gall. E. Ficus benghalensis, leaf-margin roll gall. F. Chimairacoris lakshmiae, adult female on a gall. G. A gall-making psyllid, Trioza sp., aggregation of immature forms and damaged leaf. H. Trioza sp., adult. I. A mealybug, Phenacoccus parvus Morrison, female.
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