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56 results for “plant identity”
Experimental manipulation of predatory crab species identity (Panopeus obesus vs. Eurytium limosum) and size-structure and assessment of effects on invertebrate densities, sediment properties and plant biomass.
Predatory mud crabs (Panopeus obesus and Eurytium limosum) are two of the main resident infaunal predators in southeastern US salt marshes. Little is known, however, about their effects on important prey species, or their influences on sediment or plant properties. These influences are likely to be dependent on the identity of species and the size-stucture of the population. We therefore manipulated the species identity (Panopeus or Eurtium) and size-structure. The size-structure treatrment had four levels: small [9 individuals, each 18-22mm carapace diameter], medium [6 ind. 24 -28mm], large [3 ind. 32-36mm], mixed (3 small, 2 medium, 1 large, all within same cage). The numbers of crabs in each size-structure treatment were chosen to capture natural size-abundance relationships. The treatments were maintained in experimental cages (70 x 70 x 100 cm, length, width, height) in the mid-Spartina zone at Dean Creek, Sapelo Island, GA. We maintained the treatments over 4 months (July - October 2010), before assessing impacts on prey densitities (mud fiddler crabs, ribbed mussels and marsh periwinkles), and ecosystem properties (aboveground plant biomass, sediment redox potential, sediment water content).
Fig. 6 in Adult identity crisis in Leucothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with the tropical ornamental plant Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae)
Fig. 6. Divergence in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) DNA sequence of Leucothrips specimens from Sechium edule in Costa Rica relative to those from other hosts. Sequences were aligned with MAFFT v7.293 using the G-INS-1 strategy.
Figs. 1–4 in Adult identity crisis in Leucothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with the tropical ornamental plant Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae)
Figs. 1–4. Second instar larva of Leucothrips species: (1) morphotype-A abdominal tergite II spiracle at 1000× magnification; (2) morphotype-A prothorax; arrow indicates setae D6; (3) morphotype-B abdominal tergite II spiracle at 1000× magnification; (4) morphotype-B prothorax; arrow indicates setae D6; scale = 50 µm.
Fig. 5 in Adult identity crisis in Leucothrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) associated with the tropical ornamental plant Codiaeum variegatum (Euphorbiaceae)
Fig. 5. An unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) tree of Kimura 2-parameter distances (K2P) among the cytochrome oxidase c subunit 1 gene (COI) sequences of Leucothrips collections that are indistinguishable based on adult morphology. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 0.19814793 is shown. The percentage of replicate trees in which the associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) is shown next to the branches. The tree is drawn to scale. Analyses were conducted in MEGA version 6.
Data from: Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant species identity and soil legacy effects
<p>This record contains supplementary information for the article "Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant diversity legacy in soil and plant species identity".</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S1.</strong> The table contains the annotation for all the samples sequenced and analyzed.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S2. </strong>The table contains all primer sequences used in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S3.</strong> The zip-file contains a table with the taxonomic annotation of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S4. </strong> The zip-file contains a table with sequence counts of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified in the study.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S5. </strong>The workbook contains a sheet with the number of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) exhibiting differential abundance in any of the contrasts tested in this study. Note that “down/up” indicates whether the OTU was less (“down”) or more (“up”) abundant in the first group of the contrast. For example, given the contrast “PH_mix_vs_mon_”, “down” corresponds to higher abundance in the pots from the monoculture plant history. Conversely, “up” refers to higher abundance in the pots from the mixed culture plant history. In addition, the workbook contains one sheet per contrast with the logBaseMean (log2 of the average normalized abundance across all samples), the logFC (log2 of the fold-change), the <em>P</em>-value, and the adjusted <em>P</em>-value (FDR). Only OTUs with a <em>P</em>-value <= 0.05 or an adjusted <em>P</em>-value (FDR) <= 0.1 are given.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S6. </strong>The table contains the number of bacterial OTUs annotated with a given bacterial phylum.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental Table S7. </strong>The table contains all phyla tested for enrichment/depletion in the set of OTUs with an increased abundance in monoculture and mixed culture soils respectively. “Total counts (all OTUs)” corresponds to the total number of all OTUs annotated with a given phyla (reference set). “Observed” corresponds to the number of OTUs annotated with a given phyla in the set OTUs with increased abundance in monoculture/mixed culture soils (test set). "Expected" gives the number of OTUs which would be expected to be annotated with a given phyla if the test set were randomly sampled from the reference set.</p> <p><strong>Supplemental File S1.</strong> The zip-file contains a fasta file with the 10'205 OTU sequences identified in the study.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Species identity and diversity effects on invasion resistance of tropical freshwater plant communities
<p>Biotic resistance mediated by native plant diversity has long been hypothesized to reduce the success of invading plant species in terrestrial systems in temperate regions. However, still little is known about the mechanisms driving invasion patterns in other biomes or latitudes. We help to fill this gap by investigating how native plant community presence and diversity, and the presence of native phylogenetically closely related species to an invader, would affect invader <i>Hydrilla verticillata</i> establishment success in tropical freshwater submerged plant communities. The presence of a native community suppressed the growth of <i>H. verticillata</i>, but did not prevent its colonisation. Invader growth was negatively affected by native plant productivity, but independent of native species richness and phylogenetic relatedness to the invader. Native plant production was not related to native species richness in our study. We show that resistance in these tropical aquatic submerged plant communities is mainly driven by the presence and biomass of a native community independent of native species diversity. Our study illustrates that resistance provided by these tropical freshwater submerged plant communities to invasive species contrasts to resistance described for other ecosystems. This emphasizes the need to include understudied systems when predicting patterns of species invasiveness and ecosystem invasibility across biomes. </p>
Data from: Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition
<p>1. Deciphering the mechanisms that drive variation in biomass production across plant communities of contrasting species composition and diversity is a main challenge of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning research. Niche complementarity and selection effect have been widely investigated to address biodiversity-productivity relationships. However, the overlooking of the specific role played by key species have limited so far our capacity to comprehensively assess the relative importance of other potential drivers of biodiversity effects.</p> <p>2. Here, we conducted a grassland diversity-productivity experiment to test how four potential facets of biodiversity effects, namely species richness, functional diversity, species identity and the relaxation of intraspecific competition, account for variations in above and root biomass production.</p> <p>3. We grew six plant species in monoculture, as well as in every combinations of two, three and six species. Plant density was kept constant across the richness gradient but we additionally grew each species in half-density monoculture to estimate the strength of intraspecific competition for each studied species. We characterized eight functional traits, including root traits, related to nutrient and light acquisition and computed both the functional dissimilarity and the community weighted mean (CWM) of each trait. We further partitioned aboveground biodiversity effect into complementarity and selection effects.</p> <p>4. We observed strong positive biodiversity effects on both aboveground and root biomass as well as strong positive complementarity effect. These arose largely from the presence of a particular species (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i>) and from CWM trait values more than from a higher functional dissimilarity in plant mixtures. <i>P. lanceolata</i> displayed the highest intraspecific competition, which was strongly relaxed in species mixtures. By contrast, the presence of <i>Sanguisorba minor</i> negatively affected the productivity of plant mixtures, this species suffering more from interspecific than intraspecific competition.</p> <p>5. This study provides strong evidences that the search for key species is critical to understand the role of species diversity on ecosystem functioning and demonstrates the major role that the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition plays in biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Developing more integrative approaches in community and ecosystem ecology can offer opportunities to better understand the role that species diversity plays on ecosystem functioning.</p>
Soil inoculation alters leaf metabolic profiles in genetically identical plants
<p> Abiotic and biotic properties of soil can influence growth and chemical composition of plants. Although it is well-known that soil microbial composition can vary greatly spatially, how this variation affects plant chemical composition is poorly understood. We grew genetically identical <em>Jacobaea vulgaris</em> in sterilized soil inoculated with live soil collected from four natural grasslands and in 100% sterilized soil. Within each grassland we sampled eight plots, totalling 32 different inocula. Two samples per plot were collected, leading to three levels of spatial variation: within plot, between and within grasslands. The leaf metabolome was analysed with <sup>1</sup>H Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) to investigate if inoculation altered the metabolome of plants and how this varied between and within grasslands. Inoculation led to changes in metabolomics profiles of J. vulgaris in two out of four sites. Plants grown in sterilized and inoculated soils differed in concentrations of malic acid, tyrosine, trehalose and two pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA). Metabolomes of plants grown in inoculated soils from different sites varied in glucose, malic acid, trehalose, tyrosine and in one PA. The metabolome of plants grown in soils with inocula from the same site was more similar than with inocula from distant sites. We show that soil influences leaf metabolomes. Performance of aboveground insects often depends on chemical composition of plants. Hence our results imply that soil microbial communities, via affecting aboveground plant metabolomes, can impact aboveground plant-insect food chains but that it is difficult to make general predictions due to spatial variation in soil microbiomes.</p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> </div> </div> </div>
Dataset for paper "Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity"
<p>Interpreting the shifts in forest structure, plant community composition, diversity, and functional identity by using remote sensing-derived wildfire severity . New collected data</p>
Eco-evolutionary dynamics modulate plant responses to global change depending on plant diversity and species identity
Global change has dramatic impacts on grassland diversity. However, little is known about how fast species can adapt to diversity loss and how this affects their responses to global change. Here, we performed a common garden experiment testing whether plant responses to global change are influenced by their selection history and the conditioning history of soil at different plant diversity levels. Using seeds of four grass species and soil samples from a 14-year-old biodiversity experiment, we grew the offspring of the plants either in their own soil or in soil of a different community, and exposed them either to drought, increased nitrogen input, or a combination of both. Under nitrogen addition, offspring of plants selected at high diversity produced more biomass than those selected at low diversity, while drought neutralized differences in biomass production. Moreover, under the influence of global change drivers, soil history, and to a lesser extent plant history, had species-specific effects on trait expression. Our results show that plant diversity modulates plant-soil interactions and growth strategies of plants, which in turn affects plant eco-evolutionary pathways. How this change affects species' response to global change and whether this can cause a feedback loop should be investigated in more detail in future studies.
Data from: Planting design influences green infrastructure performance: Plant species identity and complementarity in rain gardens
<p>Green infrastructure's capacity to mitigate urban environmental problems, like heat island effects and excessive stormwater runoff, is partially governed by its plant community. Traditionally, green infrastructure design has focused on engineered aspects, such as substrate and drainage, rather than on the properties of its living components. Since the functioning of these plant assemblages is controlled by ecophysiological processes which differ by species, the identity and relative abundance of the species used will influence green infrastructure performance. We used trait-based modeling to derive principles for the effective composition of green infrastructure plant assemblages, parameterizing our model using the vegetation and ecophysiological traits of the species within New York City rain gardens. Focusing on two plant traits that influence rain garden performance, leaf surface temperature and stomatal conductance, we simulated the cumulative temperature and transpiration for plant communities of differing species composition and diversity. The outcomes of the model demonstrate that plant species composition, species identity, selection effects, and interspecific complementarity increase green infrastructure performance much the way biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning in natural systems. More diverse assemblages resulted in more consistent transpiration and surface temperatures, with the former showing a positive, saturating curve as diversity increased. While the dominant factors governing individual species' leaf temperature were abiotic, transpiration was more influential at the community level, suggesting that plants within diverse communities may be cooler in aggregate than any individual species on its own. This implies green infrastructure should employ a variety of vegetation; particularly plants with different statures and physical attributes, such as low-growing ground covers, erect herbaceous perennials, and shrubs.</p>
Data from: Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition
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Expression-based machine learning models for predicting plant tissue identity
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Data from: Planting design influences green infrastructure performance: Plant species identity and complementarity in rain gardens
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Eco-evolutionary dynamics modulate plant responses to global change depending on plant diversity and species identity
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Species identity and diversity effects on invasion resistance of tropical freshwater plant communities
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Predicting microbially mediated plant coexistence is sensitive to vital rate identity and soil conditioning history
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Soil inoculation alters leaf metabolic profiles in genetically identical plants
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Data from: Contrasting effects of host identity, plant community, and local species pool on the composition and colonisation levels of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal community in a temperate grassland
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are important plant symbionts, but we know little about the effects of plant taxonomic identity or functional group on the AMF community composition. To examine effects of the surrounding plant community, of host, and of the AMF pool on the AMF community in plant roots, we manipulated plant community composition in a long-term field experiment. Within four types of manipulated grassland plots, seedlings of eight grassland plant species were planted for 12 weeks, and AMF in their roots were quantified. Additionally, we characterised the AMF community of individual plots (as their AMF pool) and quantified plot abiotic conditions. The largest determinant of AMF community composition was the pool of available AMF, varying at metre scale due to changing soil conditions. The second strongest predictor was the host functional group. The differences between grasses and dicotyledonous forbs in AMF community variation and diversity were much larger than the differences among species within those groups. High cover of forbs in the surrounding plant community had a strong positive effect on AMF colonisation intensity in grass hosts. Using a manipulative field experiment enabled us to demonstrate direct causal effects of plant host and surrounding vegetation.
Data from: Effect of mutualist partner identity on plant demography
Mutualisms play a central role in the origin and maintenance of biodiversity. Because many mutualisms have strong demographic effects, interspecific variation in partner quality could have important consequences for population dynamics. Nevertheless, few studies have quantified how a mutualist partner influences population growth rates, and still fewer have compared the demographic impacts of multiple partner species. We used integral projection models parameterized with three years of census data to compare the demographic effects of two ant species - Crematogaster laevis and Pheidole minutula - on populations of the Amazonian ant-plant Maieta guianensis. Estimated population growth rates were positive (i.e., λ>1) for all ant-plant combinations. However, populations with only Pheidole minutula had the highest asymptotic growth rate (λ=1.23), followed by those colonized by Crematogaster laevis (λ=1.16), and in which the partner ant alternated between C. laevis and P. minutula at least once during our study (λ=1.15). Our results indicate that the short-term superiority of a mutualist partner - in this system P. minutula is a better defender of plants against herbivores than C. laevis - can have long-term demographic consequences. Furthermore, the demographic effects of switching among alternative partners appear to be context-dependent, with no benefits to plants hosting C. laevis but a major cost of switching to plants hosting P. minutula. Our results underscore the importance of expanding the study of mutualisms beyond the study of pair-wise interactions to consider the demographic costs and benefits of interacting with different, and multiple, potential partners.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.