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275 results for “plant morphology”
Nitrogen Deposition and Pitcher Plant Morphology in Massachusetts and Vermont 1998-1999
Atmospheric transport and deposition of nutrients, especially nitrogen, is a global environmental problem with well-documented consequences for ecosystem dynamics. However, monitoring nitrogen deposition is relatively expensive, monitoring stations are widely spaced, and estimates and predicted impacts of nitrogen deposition are currently derived from spatial modeling and interpolation of limited data. Bogs are nutrient-poor ecosystems that are especially sensitive to increasing nutrient input, and carnivorous plants, which are characteristic of these widespread ecosystem types, may be especially sensitive indicators of N deposition. Botanical carnivory is thought to have evolved in nutrient-poor and well-lit habitats such as bogs because the marginal benefits accruing from carnivory exceed the marginal photosynthetic costs associated with the maintenance of carnivorous organs. However, the production of carnivorous organs can be a phenotypically plastic trait. The northern pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, produces leaves specialized for prey capture and nutrient uptake (pitchers) and leaves that are more efficient at photosynthesis (phyllodia). We hypothesized that relative allocation to these two types of leaves reflects ambient nitrogen availability. We manipulated nutrient availability to plants with leaf enrichment and whole-plot fertilization experiments. Increased nitrogen, but not phosphorus, reduced production of pitchers relative to phyllodia; this result provided empirical support for the cost–benefit model of the evolution of botanical carnivory. Because this phenotypic shift in leaf production occurs in ecological time, our results suggest that S. purpurea could be a reliable and inexpensive biological indicator of nitrogen deposition rates. This suggestion is supported by field observations across a geographic gradient of nitrogen deposition.
Figure 5 in Geographic distribution, host plants, and morphological variation of the currently radiating phytophagous ladybird beetle Henosepilachna diekei
Figure 5. Elytra height of seven populations of Henosepilachna diekei. (A) Females; (B) males. The host plants were denoted in the parentheses as M, Mikania; L, Leucas; D, Dicliptera; P, Plectranthus. The different letter on the right shoulder of each box indicates significant difference (P <0.05) after adjustment of P-value for multiple comparisons (NS, P ≥ 0.05).
Figure 2 in Morphology of oil-collecting pilosity of female Rediviva bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae) reflects host plant use
Figure 2. Oil-secreting flowers of the family Scrophulariaceae (sensu stricto). (A) Alonsoa unilabiata; (B) Diascia 'floribunda'; (C) A. unilabiata, detail of oil-containing pouch; (D) Hemimeris racemosa, flower around openings of spurs with hemispherical oil droplets covered by a cuticle; (E) Diascia insignis, longitudinal section of flower with oil droplets in apex of opened floral spur; (F) D. insignis, detail of dissected floral spur with oil droplets on top of trichome elaiophores. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Quantification of plant morphology and leaf thickness with optical coherence tomography
<p>The uploaded scripts and data are used to obtain the figures 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 in the publication. </p> <p>The code has been run with Python 3.7 in Spyder (Anaconda).</p> <p>There are three scripts, each needing specific datasets to run the code.</p> <p>1. The core is the segmentation of the leaf surface and this is subsequently used to calculate leaf thickness and obtain en-face images.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/3D_segmentation_thickness_enface.py">3D_segmentation_thickness_enface.py</a>: This file loads the 3D processed OCT data, does the leaf surface segmentation and calculates the en face images. It needs the files processed_3Ddata.npy and videoim.npy</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/processed_3Ddata.npy">processed_3Ddata.npy</a>: This file contains the processed 3D OCT dataset (linear amplitude data), with respectively dimensions z,x,y. The data is saved as uint16 to save memory, and should be converted to double before further processing, as done in the script.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/videoim.npy">videoim.npy</a>: This file contains the RGB image of Fig. 6(a) as image matrix.</p> <p>2. The non-infiltrated and infiltrated image (Figure 4)</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/2D_fig4.py">2D_fig4.py</a>: This script produces Figure 4 of the paper and also shows the two RGB images that indicate the scan location on the leaf. It needs the files OCTdata_figure4.npy (containing OCT data) and videoimages_figure4.npy</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/OCTdata_figure4.npy">OCTdata_figure4.npy</a>: This file contains the processed 2D OCT dataset (linear amplitude data), with respectively dimensions (a/b),z,x. The data is saved as uint16 to save memory, and should be converted to double before further processing, as done in the script.</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/videoimages_figure4.npy">videoimages_figure4.npy</a> This file contains the two RGB images that show the scan area of the data in Figure 4.</p> <p>3. The calculation of the refractive index and making Figure 5</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/refractiveindex_fig5.py">refractiveindex_fig5.py</a>: this script segments the cuvette wall and leaf surface on 2D images and calculates the refractive index by evaluating equation 1 of the publication. It needs the file images_refractiveindex.npy</p> <p><a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/89412f06-4c84-4516-9e7d-113796b42834/images_refractiveindex.npy">images_refractiveindex.npy</a>: This file contains the processed 2D OCT dataset (linear amplitude data), with respectively dimensions (leaf/empty),z,x. The data is saved as uint16 to save memory, and should be converted to double before further processing, as done in the script.</p>
Morphological and DNA sequence data generated by Sanger sequencing and target capture methods for moss plants in the genus Fissidens from herbarium specimens
<p><span>Morphological evolution in mosses has long been hypothesized to accompany shifts in microhabitats and can be tested using comparative phylogenetics. These lines of inquiry have developed substantially, in part, by target capture sequencing allowing for phylogenomic scale data generated from herbarium specimens. In the present study, we test the relationship between taxonomically important morphological characters in the moss genus <em>Fissidens</em>, using both a 400-locus dataset generated using a target-capture approach as well as a three-locus phylogeny generated using sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic trees were generated using ASTRAL and Bayesian Inference and used to test the monophyly of subgenera/sections and provided the basis for ancestral character reconstruction and phylogenetic correlation analyses among five morphological characters as well as habitat moisture scored from literature. The characters <em>axillary hyaline nodules</em>, <em>limbidium</em>, <em>costa</em>, and <em>peristome morphology</em> as well as <em>sexual system</em>, <em>minimum habitat moisture</em>, <em>average habitat moisture</em>, <em>maximum habitat moisture</em>, and <em>habitat moisture niche breadth</em> each exhibit statistically significant phylogenetic signal. Significant correlations were found between the limbidium (phyllid/leaf border) and habitat moisture niche breadth, which could be interpreted as a more extensive <em>limbidium</em> enabling species to survive across a wider variety of habitats. Correlations were also found between <em>costa anatomy</em> and the <em>limbidum</em> of the gametophyte and sporophyte <em>peristome</em> <em>morphology</em>, as well as <em>average habitat moisture</em> and <em>sexual system</em>. Continued exploration of the relationships between morphological evolution, life history, and habitat will enable us to expand our understanding of functional morphology in mosses.</span></p>
FIGURE 23. Palissya batrumi 1. Specimen showing external morphology, LX721 in Middle-Late Jurassic plant assemblages of the Catlins coast, New Zealand
FIGURE 23. Palissya batrumi 1. Specimen showing external morphology, LX721, Little Beach (Note adjacent Pityophyllum); 2. Specimen with apical part split longitudinally, revealing the axis, LX1096, Curio Bay.; 3. Specimen weathered to reveal the adaxial surface with paired ovule/scale units, LX2238, Otara-20. All scale bars equal 10 mm.
Figure 10 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 10. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS4) region of the C. sphaerospermum isolate 10 and the other isolates already recorded in NCBI.
Figure 8 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 8. Nucleotide sequence alignment of the ITS (ITS1, 5.8S rDNA and ITS4) region of the C. sphaerospermum isolate 9 and the other isolates already recorded in NCBI.
Figure 5. A phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method which shows the genetic relationship between C. sphaerospermum 2 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 5. A phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbor-joining method which shows the genetic relationship between C. sphaerospermum 2 (as indicated in red circle) and the other C. sphaerospermum isolates deposited in GenBank (NCBI)
Figure 3. A in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 3. A phylogenetic tree constructed by the neighbor-joining method depending on a comparison of the nucleotide sequences obtained from the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13).
Figure 2 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 2. The similarity and difference in the nucleotide sequences of the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13) identified in the present study. Similar nucleotides are stated in dots. Numbers given on the right side of the figure represent the nucleotide sequences obtained from the C. sphaerospermum isolates.
Figure 1. 1 in Morphological and molecular identification of Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolates collected from tomato plant residues
Figure 1. 1% Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products amplified using the primer pair ITS1 and ITS4 from the C. sphaerospermum isolates (1-13) obtained from tomato plant residues collected from different regions of Najaf and Karbala provinces. M: 1Kbp DNA Ladder (Promega, USA).
Рис. 1. КоΛичество макрокониΑий грибов роΑа Fusarium (% от общего чисΛа эΛементов морфоΛогии) на органах и в физиоΛогических жиΑкостях картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 1. Number of macroconidia of fungus species from the genus Fusarium (% of the total number of morphological elements) on organs and in physiological fluids of the potato ladybird beetle in On the vector characteristics of the potato ladybird beetle Henosepilachna Vigintioctomaculata (Motsch.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) in the system "phytophagous insect - plant pathogen - plant"
Рис. 1. КоΛичество макрокониΑий грибов роΑа Fusarium (% от общего чисΛа эΛементов морфоΛогии) на органах и в физиоΛогических жиΑкостях картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 1. Number of macroconidia of fungus species from the genus Fusarium (% of the total number of morphological elements) on organs and in physiological fluids of the potato ladybird beetle
Figure 3 in Morphology of immature stages, biological parameters and life table of Microtechnites bractatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on different host plants
Figure 3 Average survival of Microtechnites bractatus nymphs fed with alfalfa, white clover, potato, wheat, and beans under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2°C, photoperiod 12L:12D). *Lines followed by different letters differ from each other by the paired Mentex-Cox test (Log Rank) (df=1, p<0.05).
Figure 2 in Morphology of immature stages, biological parameters and life table of Microtechnites bractatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on different host plants
Figure 2 Five nymphal instars of Microtechnites bractatus: (A) first instar; (B) second instar; (C) third instar; (D) fourth instar; (E) fifth instar reduced wing pads for adult brachypterous (female); (F) elongated fifth-instar wing pads for adult macropterous (male).
Figure 1 in Morphology of immature stages, biological parameters and life table of Microtechnites bractatus (Hemiptera: Miridae) on different host plants
Figure 1 Eggs of Microtechnites bractatus oviposited on bean plants,Phaseolus vulgaris L. (A) egg recently oviposited and removed from the plant; (B) seven-day-old egg removed from the plant; (C) newly oviposited eggs; (D) eggs after seven days of oviposition.
FIGURE 1 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
FIGURE 1 | Histological gill alterations in Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions (magnification: × 400). Arrows indicate the following lesions: A. Aneurysm; B. Epithelium detachment; C. Telangiectasia; and D. Interlamellar hyperplasia.
FIGURE 2 in Fish injuries resulting from transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydropower plant: morphological, physiological and biochemical evaluation in Pimelodus maculatus (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae)
FIGURE 2 | Histological alterations in liver and spleen of Pimelodus maculatus collected during transient operating conditions in the tailrace of Machadinho HPP (magnification: × 400). Arrows and asterisks indicate the following lesions: A. Melanomacrophage centers (asterisk) and congested vein (arrow) in the liver; B. Blood cells indicating hepatic hemorrhage (asterisk); C. Melanomacrophage centers in the spleen (asterisk); D. Mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the spleen (arrow).
Figs 35–41. Doubledaya sinuata Zia, 1934 in Morphology of adult and immature stages, and host plant use of Doubledaya sinuata (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae)
Figs 35–41. Doubledaya sinuata Zia, 1934, adult male and female (35), adult female (36–37) and oviposition hole (38–39) on recently dead Sinobambusa sat bamboo culm and larva inside S. sat internode cavity (40–41). 35 – mating; 36 – making an oviposition hole; 37 – inserting the ovipositor into an oviposition hole; 38 – outer opening; 39 – inner opening; 40 – young instar larva; 41 – mature larva. Arrows indicate pith tissue. Scale bars = 1.0 mm (38–39), 5.0 mm (40–41).
Figs 1–18. Doubledaya sinuata Zia, 1934 in Morphology of adult and immature stages, and host plant use of Doubledaya sinuata (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Languriinae)
Figs 1–18. Doubledaya sinuata Zia, 1934, adult female (1–12) and male (13–18). 2, 14 – head, dorsal view; 3 – right antenna, dorsal view; 4, 15 – pronotum; 5 – prosternal process; 6 – anterior part of elytron with scutellum; 7 – apices of elytron; 8 – abdominal segment VII, ventral view; 9 – abdominal segment VIII, dorsal view; 10 – apex of ovipositor, left lateral view; 11 – apex of ovipositor, ventral view; 12 – spermatheca; 16 – tegmen, ventral view; 17–18 – median lobe, dorsal (17) and ventral (18) views. An arrow indicates gonostylus. Scale bars = 2.0 mm (1, 13), 1.0 mm (2–7, 14–18) 0.5 mm (8–11), 0.1 mm (12).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.