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9 results for “plant palatability”
Data from: Geographic variation in leaf traits and palatability of a native plant invader during domestic expansion
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Interactive effects of rising temperature and nutrient enrichment on aquatic plant growth, stoichiometry, and palatability
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Data from the study: Effect of experimental DNA demethylation on phytohormones production and palatability of a clonal plant after induction via jasmonic acid
<p>Many plant species protect themselves against herbivores through mechanical or chemical so-called inducible defences (ID). These are regulated via a hormonal cascade which may be under epigenetic control and in which jasmonic acid (JA) plays a prominent role.</p> <p>In this study, we indirectly tested the role of DNA methylation in the production of ID and the synthesis of hormones involved in the ID signalling cascade. Using different intensities of 5-azacytidine application, we aimed to produce plants of <i>Trifolium repens</i> with different levels of DNA methylation alteration. We then elicited the plants together with controls, i.e. plants with natural DNA methylation status, with JA and then indirectly recorded ID production in herbivore-choice trials in which the leaves of plants with different DNA methylation statuses were provided to caterpillars of a generalist herbivore, <i>Spodoptera littoralis.</i></p> <p>We also analysed the balance of several key defence hormones such as jasmonates, abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid in the plants. We found that the <i>Spodoptera littoralis</i> preferred demethylated plants over non-demethylated controls. Demethylation also reduced production of JA, ABA and IAA. We conclude that DNA methylation modulates expression of ID likely via regulation of signalling hormones involved in the establishment of defence.</p>
Data from: Geographic variation of litter chemistry and palatability in an invasive plant versus its native competitor
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span>: Latitudinal variation in biotic interactions is recognized as a driver underlying variation in plant invasion success and therefore an important issue in conservation biogeography. However, previous studies have mainly focused on interactions between living plants and herbivores, whereas litter traits and detritivory have been hardly studied along latitude or compared between native and invasive plants. Our aim was to compare latitudinal variation in leaf-litter chemistry and palatability to detritivores between invasive and native plants, and investigate which chemical traits determine detritivory and whether they are climate-driven.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span>: </span><span>China.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Taxa</strong>: </span><em><span>Spartina alterniflora</span><span>, Phragmites australis, </span><span>Porcellio laevis</span><span>, </span><span>Chiromantes dehaani</span></em><span>.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: We combined field surveys with </span><span>laboratory experiments</span><span> to compare latitudinal variation in litter chemistry between the widespread invasive <em>Spartina</em> <em>alterniflora</em> and its native competitor <em>Phragmites</em> <em>australis</em> across their co-occurring range (20.9–40.7°N, ~2200km). For both species, we examined litter palatability to two common </span><span>detritivores (<em>Porcellio</em></span><span> <em>laevis</em> </span><span>and <em>Chiromantes</em></span><span> <em>dehaani</em></span><span>) along the same latitude. We also </span><span>analyzed </span><span>relationships among climate, litter traits, and </span><span>detritivory.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>:</span><span> In five out of nine litter traits, we found latitudinal clines, with little difference between the two plant species in how they responded across the gradient. Litter palatability decreased with increasing latitude, but was generally higher in <em>Spartina</em> than <em>Phragmites</em>. Two key litter traits (C:P ratio and flavonoid content) were significantly associated with temperature of origin and with detritivory.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main</strong> <strong>conclusions</strong></span><span>: </span><span>There were geographic clines in litter traits and palatability</span><span>, with strong links between climate, litter chemistry and detritivory, in both <em>Spartina</em> and <em>Phragmites</em>. <em>Spartina</em> litter, however, was more rapidly decomposed by detritivores, which could create positive feedbacks, and contribute to the successful <em>Spartina</em> invasion along China's coast. Future ecological restoration projects should therefore dispose <em>Spartina</em> plant tissue or litter off-site, to reduce the competitiveness of <em>Spartina</em> and support the conservation of native <em>Phragmites.</em></span></p>
Warming and grazing independently and interactively impact plant defenses and palatability
<p>The ecological impacts of multiple stressors are hard to predict but important to understand. When multiple stressors influence foundation species, the effects can cascade throughout the ecosystem. Gulf of Mexico seagrass ecosystems are currently experiencing a suite of novel stressors, including warmer water temperatures and increased herbivory due to tropicalization and conservation efforts. We investigated the impact of warming temperatures and grazing history on plant performance, morphology, and palatability by integrating a mesocosm study using the seagrass <em>Thalassia testudinum</em> with feeding trials using the sea urchin <em>Lytechinus variegatus</em>. Warming temperatures negatively impacted <em>T. testudinum </em>tolerance traits, reducing belowground biomass by 34%, productivity by 74%, shoot density by 10%, and the number of leaves per plant by 24%, and negatively impacted resistance traits through 13% lower toughness of young leaves and a trend for reduced leaf carbon:nitrogen. <em>Lytechinus variegatus</em> individuals preferred to consume plants grown under heated conditions, which supports findings of enhanced palatability. Simulated turtle grazing impacted more plant traits than grazing by other herbivores, potentially diminishing plant resilience to future disturbances through reduced rhizome non-structural carbohydrate concentrations and increasing palatability through reduced fiber content and 23% lower leaf carbon:phosphorus. Simulated turtle, simulated parrotfish, and urchin grazing reduced leaf carbon:nitrogen by 11%, also potentially increasing nutritive value. Interactions between warming temperatures and grazers on plant traits were additive for 16 out of 19 response variables. However, the stressors non-additively impacted the number of leaves per plant, fiber content, and epiphyte load. We suggest that the impacts of grazers on leaf turnover rate and leaf age may vary based on water temperature, potentially driving these interactions. Overall, increased temperatures and grazing pressure will likely reduce seagrass resilience, structure, and biomass, potentially impacting feedback systems and producing negative consequences for seagrass cover, associated species, and ecosystem services.</p>
Data from: Geographic variation of litter chemistry and palatability in an invasive plant versus its native competitor
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Data from: Endemic plant species are more palatable to introduced herbivores than non-endemics
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Warming and grazing independently and interactively impact plant defenses and palatability
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Data from the study: Effect of experimental DNA demethylation on phytohormones production and palatability of a clonal plant after induction via jasmonic acid
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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