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31 results for “plant reproductive success”
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Performance Standard - Plant Reproductive Success
These data describe annual estimates reproductive success (measured by seed set) of salt marsh plants at the San Dieguito Wetland as part of the SONGS San Dieguito Wetland Restoration mitigation monitoring program designed to track long-term patterns in reproductive success of wetland plants. Monitoring began in 2012.
UCSB SONGS Mitigation Monitoring: Wetland Survey - Plant Reproductive Success
These data describe annual estimates of seed set for seven common salt marsh plant species at the San Dieguito Wetland collected as part of the SONGS San Dieguito Wetland Restoration mitigation monitoring program designed to evaluate compliance of the restoration project with conditions of the SONGS permit. Monitoring began in 2012.
Experimental shifts in exotic flowering phenology produce strong indirect effects on native plant reproductive success
<ol> <li>By causing phenological shifts that vary among species, climate change is altering time envelopes for species interactions, often with unexpected demographic consequences. Indirect interactions, like apparent competition and apparent facilitation, are especially likely to change in duration because they involve multiple interactors, increasing the likelihood of asynchronous phenological shifts by at least one interactor. Thus, we might observe ecological surprises if intermediaries of indirectly interacting species change their mediating behavior.</li> <li>We explored this possibility in a plant-pollinator community that is likely to experience asynchronous phenological shifts. We advanced and delayed the flowering phenology of two ubiquitous exotic plants of western Washington prairies, <i>Hypochaeris radicata</i> and <i>Cytisus scoparius,</i> relative to seven native perennial forb species whose phenologies remained unmanipulated. These species interact indirectly through shared pollinators, whose foraging behavior influences plant reproductive success. We quantified impacts of experimental phenological shifts on seedset, pollinator visitation rates, and visiting pollinator composition relative to an unmanipulated control. We first verified that unmanipulated indirect interactions between native and exotic plants were strong, ranging from facilitative to competitive.</li> <li>Seedset of native plants was strongly affected by changes in exotic flowering phenology, but the magnitude and direction of effects were not predicted by the nature of the original indirect interaction (facilitative vs. neutral vs. competitive) or the change in interaction duration. The relationship between pollinator visitation and seedset changed for most species, though changes in pollinator visitation rate and pollinator composition were not as widespread as effects on native seedset.</li> <li> <b>Synthesis. </b>Changes in pollinator foraging behavior in response to changes in available floral resources are probably responsible for the unexpected effects we observed. Asynchronous phenological shifts have the potential to produce large and unexpected effects on reproductive success via indirect interactions.</li> </ol>
Data from: Infrapopulation size and mate availability influence reproductive success of a parasitic plant
1. Aggregated distributions of parasite individuals across host individuals are nearly ubiquitous among parasitic taxa. The size and sex ratio of the population of one parasite species infecting a single host (hereafter "infrapopulation") can influence parasite fitness through intraspecific competition, mate availability, and the ability to attract vectors for transmission of parasite propagules. Competition for both resources and for pollen and seed vector services may limit reproductive success (pollen receipt, fruit production, and seed dispersal) in large infrapopulations of parasitic plants, while mate limitation or reduced ability to attract vectors may limit this success in small infrapopulations. 2. Using a dioecious parasitic plant, desert mistletoe (Phoradendron californicum), we experimentally removed reproductive tissue from male parasites in whole infrapopulations to test for independent effects of infrapopulation size and within-host mate availability on female fitness. As desert mistletoe requires both pollen and seed vectors for successful reproduction, the species provides the opportunity to test how infrapopulation characteristics affect multiple components of parasite fitness. 3. We found that insect-mediated pollen receipt decreased for parasites on treated hosts, consistent with within-host mate limitation. Additionally, the relationship between mate availability and fruit production per flower ranged from neutral to positive depending on year of the experiment. 4. As expected if competition for host resources limits reproductive success more than mate availability in larger infrapopulations, the greater pollen receipt to females in large infrapopulations did not generally translate into increased mistletoe fruit production. Relationships between mistletoe fruit production per flower and infrapopulation size ranged from negative to neutral. 5. Both pollen receipt and pollinator visitation increased with infrapopulation size, indicating that larger populations can be more attractive to pollen vectors independent of mate availability. However, we found no relationship between infrapopulation size and fruit removal by dispersers and, thus, no evidence that attraction of seed dispersal vectors increases with infrapopulation size. 6. Synthesis: These results highlight the interactive roles of within-host processes (resource competition, mate availability, and vector attraction) in determining the fitness of biotically-transmitted parasite individuals.
Phyllosphere microbial associations improve plant reproductive success
<p class="western">The above-ground (phyllosphere) plant microbiome is increasingly recognized as an important component of plant health. We hypothesized that phyllosphere bacterial recruitment may be disrupted in a greenhouse setting, and that adding a bacterial amendment would therefore benefit the health and growth of host plants. Using a newly developed synthetic phyllosphere bacterial microbiome for tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>), we tested this hypothesis across multiple trials by manipulating microbial inoculation of leaves and measuring subsequent plant growth and reproductive success, comparing results from plants grown in both greenhouse and field settings. We confirmed that greenhouse-grown plants have a relatively depauperate phyllosphere bacterial microbiome, which both makes them an ideal system for testing the impact of phyllosphere communities on plant health and important targets for microbial amendments as we move towards increased agricultural sustainability. We find that the addition of the synthetic microbial community early in greenhouse growth leads to an increase in fruit production in this setting, implicating the phyllosphere microbiome as a key component of plant fitness and emphasizing the role that these bacterial microbiomes likely play in the ecology and evolution of plant communities.</p>
Ineffectiveness of ants in the reproductive success of two sympatric myrmecophilous plants: the success of endophytic beetles
<p>Extrafloral nectaried plants attract ants, which may protect them against herbivory and increase plant fruit set production. In some cases, however, ants are ineffective against herbivores. Such events occur, for instance, when herbivores present adaptations to avoid ant predation. Thus, the outputs of these interactions depend on factors such as ant identity, plant phenology, and herbivore features. Here, we investigated the endophytic florivorous beetles’ impact on the reproductive success of their host plants, two sympatric <em>Banisteriopsis</em> (Malpighiaceae) species, depending on the action of EFNs visiting ants. We experimentally manipulated the presence of ants and herbivores on <em>B. malifolia</em> and <em>B. laevifolia</em> species during their reproductive period. We performed treatments where three similar inflorescences were selected to be (I) control branch, with no manipulations, (II) beetle-free branch, isolated with textile cover, and (III) ant-free branch, isolated at the base with atoxic wax. As a result, we observed (i) that florivorous <em>Anthonomus</em> beetles have a negative impact on <em>Banisteriopsis</em> reproductive success; (ii) ants fail in protecting plants against floral endophytic beetles; and (iii) most of the results were specie-specific. Our results indicate that these systems present very conditional outcomes that depend on THE intrinsic factors of each plant species.</p>
Flower position within plants influences reproductive success both directly and via phenology
<div> <p>This data set includes data from recordings of 5883 individual flowers of the perennial herb <em>Lathyrus vernus</em> belonging to 558 flowering events (i.e. one plant individual flowering in one year) over three years (1987-1989). It includes data on phenology, reproductive succress and seed predation of individual flowers, as well as data on the position of the flower within the raceme, and of the raceme within the plant. The data wree collected in a population of<em> L. vernus</em> located in a deciduous forest in southeast Sweden (58.9496 N, 17.6097 E). </p> <p> </p> </div>
Data and code for "Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants"
<p>Data and code for "Loss of pollinator diversity consistently reduces reproductive success for wild and cultivated plants"</p>
Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird-pollinated plant community
<p>Heterospecific pollen deposition (HPD) is ubiquitous across plant communities, especially for generalized species which use a diversity of pollinators, and may have negative effects on plant reproduction. However, it is unclear whether temporal changes in the co-flowering community result in changes in HPD patterns. Moreover, community-level studies are required to understand which factors influence HPD and how the reproduction of different species is affected. We investigated the temporal variation of HPD, its relationship with level of specialization on pollinators and floral phenotypic specialization, and its association with reproductive success (pollen limitation and fruit set) in 31 hummingbird-pollinated plant species in a tropical Campo Rupestre. We found seasonality in HPD, with species flowering in the dry season having greater diversity of heterospecific pollen on stigmas and a higher frequency of stigmas containing heterospecific pollen, compared to the rainy season. Stigmas of ecologically generalized species had more heterospecific pollen, while the relationship for ecologically specialized species depended on floral phenotype. Surprisingly, and in contrast to theory, we found a positive relationship between HPD and reproductive success. Our results indicate benefits of generalization and facilitation, in which sharing pollinators brings greater reproductive success via increased conspecific pollen deposition, even if it incurs more HPD. We demonstrated how assessing HPD at a community-level can contribute to understanding the ecological causes and functional consequences of pollinator sharing.</p>
Data from: Differential effects of pollen nutritional quality on male and female reproductive success across plant species within a diverse co-flowering community
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Phyllosphere microbial associations improve plant reproductive success
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Experimental shifts in exotic flowering phenology produce strong indirect effects on native plant reproductive success
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Data from: Infrapopulation size and mate availability influence reproductive success of a parasitic plant
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Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird-pollinated plant community
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Data from: Pollinator-mediated mechanisms for increased reproductive success in early flowering plants
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Warming reduces mid-summer flowering plant reproductive success through advancing fruiting phenology in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Strategies for a successful plant invasion: the reproduction of Phragmites australis in northeastern North America
1. Knowing the relative contribution of vegetative propagation and sexual reproduction to the dispersal and establishment of exotic plants is crucial for devising efficient control strategies. This is particularly true for the common reed (Phragmites australis), one of the most invasive species in North America. 2. For the first time we combined in situ field observations and genetic evidence, based on two genotyping techniques, i.e., microsatellite markers (SSR) and genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS), to determine the propagation strategies of this invader at its northern distribution limit in North America, and especially in roadside ditches. 3. Field observations revealed that, in a region where the common reed is already abundant, both seeds and plant fragments contributed to the establishment of new populations. Newly established individuals originated mostly (84%) from seeds rather than fragments, but a larger proportion of individuals originating from fragments survived the second year compared to seedlings. 4. High genetic diversity among marsh and roadside common reed stands indicated the prime role of sexual reproduction for dispersal. The vast majority of genotypes were found in only one stand; such high genetic variability can only be explained by sexual reproduction. Half the surveyed stands comprised a single clone, suggesting that local expansion mainly occurred vegetatively. As the small proportion of SSR genotypes initially thought to be common between distant stands proved to be distinct (as revealed by GBS data), it is likely that all the stands examined were initially founded by genetically distinct individuals. 5. Synthesis. Our study suggests that long-distance dispersal by seeds is important for the common reed, in marshes and roadsides, while both seeds and plant fragments contribute to short-distance dispersal along roads, at least in regions where the species is already abundant. The success of this invader in North America seems to be attributable to a reproduction strategy combining the advantages of sexuality with those of vegetative propagation. Moreover, this study shows that the GBS approach strongly reduces uncertainties associated with the use of a limited number of markers. This approach is especially valuable for ecologists dealing with an ever increasing number of invaders, of which few have identified microsatellite markers.
Data from: The effects of inbreeding, genetic dissimilarity and phenotype on male reproductive success in a dioecious plant
Pollen fate can strongly affect the genetic structure of populations with restricted gene flow and significant inbreeding risk. We established an experimental population of inbred and outbred Silene latifolia plants to evaluate the effects of (i) inbreeding depression, (ii) phenotypic variation and (iii) relatedness between mates on male fitness under natural pollination. Paternity analysis revealed that outbred males sired significantly more offspring than inbred males. Independently of the effects of inbreeding, male fitness depended on several male traits, including a sexually dimorphic (flower number) and a gametophytic trait (in vitro pollen germination rate). In addition, full-sib matings were less frequent than randomly expected. Thus, inbreeding, phenotype and genetic dissimilarity simultaneously affect male fitness in this animal-pollinated plant. While inbreeding depression might threaten population persistence, the deficiency of effective matings between sibs and the higher fitness of outbred males will reduce its occurrence and counter genetic erosion.
Pollination and plant reproductive success of two ploidy levels in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)
<p>This dataset includes hand pollination, honey bee pollination and pollen germination experiments described in the article "Pollination and plant reproductive success of two ploidy levels in red clover (<em>Trifolium pratense</em> L.)", published in Frontiers in Plant Science (DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.720069). </p> <p>In a series of hand pollination experiments, the influence of visitation rate (10, 20, 40, 80 pollinated florets per flower head) on the seed number per pollinated floret and seed number per flower head were investigated, respectively. The influence of flowering stage (early, middle, and full flowering) on the seed number per pollinated floret was also investigated. Self-incompatibility was studied by comparing the seed number per flower head under self-pollination and interploidy pollination treatments. In order to study the autonomous pollination, we compared the seed number per flower head between self-pollination and control treatment.</p> <p>In the honey bee pollination experiments, we investigated the overall seed number per floret and compare the number of one-seeded and two-seeded florets in the studied red clover cultivars. Further, we investigated the pollen germination rate of each red clover cultivar. </p> <p>The main findings of this article include: </p> <p>(1) In hand pollination, increasing the visitation rates increased the seed number per flower head, but reduced the seed number per pollinated floret;</p> <p>(2) In hand pollination, different flowering stages did not influence the seed number per pollinated floret significantly;</p> <p>(3) In honey bee pollination, diploid red clover cultivars had more two-seeded florets compared to tetraploids.</p>
Code and data for "Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape"
<p>Archive file containing all the code and data for producing results and the supplementary result of the MS entitled "Wild snapdragon plant pedigree sheds light on limited connectivity enhanced by higher migrant reproductive success in a fragmented landscape". See README.txt for files descriptions.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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