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87 results for “plant species composition”
Plant species composition in black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2023.
As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows in a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot of each block by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to these plots after snow had naturally melted. This dataset includes measurements of plant species composition.
Plant species composition for sensor network array, 2017 - ongoing.
Above-ground plant species cover was recorded for vegetation plots in the sensor network, starting in 2017. Cover was measured annually at peak biomass using a 100 point-intercept method.
Plant species composition in ITEX subplots in black sand extended growing season experiment, 2018 - 2023.
As a result of climate change, the Rocky Mountain Front Range is experiencing warmer summers and earlier snowmelt. Due to the importance of snow for regulating soil temperature, growing season length, and available moisture in alpine ecosystems, even small shifts in the snow-free period could have large impacts. The focus of the Black Sand Extended Growing Season Length Experiment is to examine how terrain-related differences in climate exposure influence the way alpine habitats respond to climate change via earlier snowmelt. To simulate how climate exposure may affect plant communities, NWT LTER researchers established 5 experimental sites, each containing a pair 10 x 40m rectangular plots. These sites include north and south facing aspects, subalpine and alpine tundra meadows and a range of hydrological conditions (e.g. dry meadows, moist meadows, wet meadows). We accelerated snowmelt in one plot at each site by adding chemically inert black sand, while keeping the second plot as an unmanipulated control; black sand was added to control plots after snow had naturally melted. We used open top warming chambers (OTCs) to increase summer temperature in three subplots within each of the 10 x 40 m plots. This dataset includes measurements of plant species composition within all snow and warming treatments.
Plant species composition data for Saddle grid, 1989 - ongoing.
Permanent 1 m^2 vegetation plots were established near each of the 88 Saddle grid stakes in 1989 by Marilyn Walker, who led the sampling effort until 1997. To estimate plant canopy cover, point quadrat measurements have been made at irregular intervals from 1989 to the present (1989, 1990, 1995, 1997, 2006, 2008 and yearly from 2010 onward). The point-quadrat technique used for sampling was described in Spasojevic et al. (2013) and Auerbach (1992). Auerbach, N. 1992. Effects of road and dust disturbance in minerotrophic and acidic tundra ecosystems, northern Alaska. University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA. Spasojevic, Marko J, William D Bowman, Hope C Humphries, Timothy R Seastedt, and Katharine N Suding. Changes in alpine vegetation over 21 years: Are patterns across a heterogeneous landscape consistent with predictions?” Ecosphere 4, no. 9 (2013): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1890/es13-00133.1.
Plant species composition and aboveground biomass data for Saddle snowfence, 1996 - ongoing.
Bowman et al. (1993) have demonstrated that alpine tundra is sensitive to nitrogen and phosphorus additions. Changes in productivity and species composition (belatedly) follow chronic fertilization. Exactly how this response is mediated by changes in precipitation is unknown but can be addressed using the snowfence experiment. Moreover, replication of the experiment will allow for additional sampling of biotic and abiotic components and processes not possible with the size of the Bowman plots. In 1993, 64 2x2m plots were placed in dry and mesic sites both within and outside of the snowfence area, so that 4 replicates of each treatment (nitrogen addition, phosphorus addition, nitrogen and phosphorus addition, and control) could be established in each meadow type with and without snowpack augmentation. 16 additional plots were established on a wet meadow site, but since a corresponding type site did not exist in the snowfence area, there was no snowpack manipulation for the wet meadow plots. In 2016, 9 existing plots were selected and 6 control plots added for assessing recovery from augmented snowpack treatment. Aboveground biomass, species richness, and species composition have been collected periodically since 1996.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/69/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Canopy coverage and frequency were recorded in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to grazed by native grazers. In each case one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower-slope deep fertile nonrocky soil (tully silty clay loam), and a shallow rocky soil (florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges. In 1983 another ungrazed annual burn area '1c' was added 'both tully and florence soils' because original area '1d' appeared aberrant.
Geographic coordinates, soil properties, plant species composition and vegetation survey data in the study on tidal marshes of the Ogeechee, Altamaha and Satilla estuaries in Georgia, USA
We examined patterns of habitat function (plant species richness), productivity (plant aboveground biomass and total C), and nutrient stocks (N and P in aboveground plant biomass and soil) in tidal marshes of the Satilla, Altamaha, and Ogeechee Estuaries in Georgia, USA. We worked at two sites within each salinity zone (fresh, brackish, and saline) in each estuary, sampling a transect from the creekbank to the marsh platform. Site-scale and plot-scale species richness decreased from fresh to saline sites. Standing crop biomass and total carbon stocks were greatest at brackish sites, followed by freshwater then saline sites.
BGPVC Plant species composition in the Belowground Plot Experiment at Konza Prairie
Two permanent plant composition plots were marked with conduit in each of the 64 plots. Canopy cover was recorded in a 5 m2circular area surrounding each of the plots. At approximately 5-year intervals, coverage is assessed in late July, using visual estimates of cover by species, based on a modified Daubenmire scale. In 1989, sampling was done once in early July after mowing using one 10 m2 plot placed randomly in the approximate center of each plot. In 1994, plant composition sampling was done in early June in the unmowed plots; sampling in the mowed plots occurred in August. In 1999, two permanent conduits were placed in each plot, and sampling was conducted in June, before mowing, and again in August using 5 m2 plot sizes. In 2005 and afterward, sampling was reduced to one time in late July. Sampling occurred once every five years until 2015. Plots have been sampled annually since 2016. Two of the long-term unburned plots in a wildfire in 1994 and 1995. Those plots and years of the fire are indicated on the linked plot map. The mowing treatment was discontinued after 2002 due to invasion of the mowed plots by old world bluestem grasses. Data users should check for exotic species impacts on specific mowed subplots prior to this. In addition, fertilization in all plots ceased in 2017 as part of recovery from chronic N enrichment experiment.
PBG01 Plant species composition in the Patch Burning-grazing Experiment at Konza Prairie
‘PBG’ datasets are associated with a long-term, large-scale study that is addressing the effects of fire-grazing interactions in the context of a Patch-Burn Grazing management system designed to promote grassland heterogeneity. Effects of patch-burn grazing management on plant and animal diversity and the nature and variety of wildlife habitat are being assessed in two replicate management units, each consisting of three pastures (watersheds) designated C03A/C03B/C03C and C3SA/C3SB/C3SC. In each patch-burn grazing unit, one watershed is burned and two that are left unburned in a given year. The burning treatments are rotated annually so that each pasture is burned every third year. Each patch-burn grazing unit is paired with an annually-burned pasture for comparison with traditional grazing systems (C01A and C1SB). All grazing units are stocked with cow/calf pairs from approximately 1 May until 1 Oct at a stocking density equal to 3.2 ha per cow/calf. To examine the impact of patch burning and grazing in all 8 units, we monitor changes in plant species composition, residual biomass, grassland bird populations, insect populations, small mammal populations, soil nutrients, and stream water quality1(1C3SA/C3SB/C3SC unit only). The KSU Department of Animal Science monitors cattle performance, including weight gain and body condition to assess the economic feasibility of using patch-burn management on a widespread basis.
PVC01 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage and frequency of plant species were estimated visually in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to be grazed (in the future) by native grazers (bison). In each case, one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, and the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower slope deep fertile non-rocky soil (Tully silty clay loam) and a shallow rocky soil (Florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie
Canopy coverage of all vascular plant species were estimated in 20 circular 10 sq m plots for each of the topographic positions within each included watershed at Konza Prairie.
N fertilization and recovery experiment (2-4-6) plant species composition data for East of Tvan from 1997 to 2017, yearly
The realization that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is causing significant environmental change in many ecosystems has led to lower emissions of reactive N and deposition rates in many regions. However, the impacts of N deposition on terrestrial ecosystems can be long-lasting, with significant inertia in the return of the biota and biogeochemical processes to baseline levels. To better understand patterns of recovery and the factors that may contribute to slow or no responses following declines in N deposition, we followed plant species composition, microbial abundance, N cycling rates, soil pH, and pools of NO3- and extractable cations in an impacted alpine ecosystem following cessation of 12-year experiment increasing N deposition rates by 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha/yr. Simulated N deposition had resulted in a tripling in the cover of the nitrophilic species Carex rupestris, while the dominant sedge Kobresia myosuroides had decreased by more than half at the highest N input level. In addition nitrification rates were elevated, soil extractable magnesium (Mg2+) and pH decreased, and aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) were elevated at the highest N treatment inputs. Over the nine years following cessation of N additions to the impacted plots only the cover of the nitrophilic C. rupestris showed any recovery to prior levels. Abundances of both bacteria and fungi were lower with N addition in both treatment and recovery plots. Rates of nitrification and pools of NO3- remained elevated in the recovery plots, likely contributing to the lack of biotic response to the cessation of N inputs. In addition, nutrient base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and soil pH remained depressed, and the toxic metal cations (Al3+ and Mn2+) remained elevated in recovery plots, also potentially influencing biotic recovery. These results emphasize the importance of considering long-term environmental impacts of N deposition associated with legacy effects, such as elevated N cycling and losse
Plant & lichen species composition data for Saddle Nodal Plots, 1971 - ongoing.
To study long-term changes in alpine tundra plant communities, thirty permanently marked plots were surveyed in 1971. These same plots were surveyed at twenty, thirty, forty and fifty year intervals from the initial sampling date; in 1991, 2001, 2011, and 2021. Due to covid and other events, data for the 50-year time point was collected over three summers, from 2021-2023. Plots are one by ten meters, divided into ten subplot quadrats, and marked with rebar. The presence or absence of each vascular plant species was recorded per plot. The cover was recorded for each species that appeared in a one meter by ten centimeter strip at the base of each quadrat within each plot. The cover of non-vascular plants, soil, rocks, and lichens was also recorded within the strip in most sampling years. Lichen were also surveyed in 1971 and 2021.These data have been used to study the changes in vascular plant and lichen communities and cover across habitats following a moisture gradient on the saddle portion of Niwot Ridge; these habitats include dry fellfield, dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow, snow bank, and shrub tundra. While we have observed some changes in species richness and cover in the plots, overall the plant communities seem fairly stable over time. Lichen species richness has increased in some habitats, while some lichen species have been disappearing from others.
Biomass and Plant Species Composition on Hog and Metompkin Islands, 2020-2022
Beginning in 2020, annual plant surveys were conducted along 3 cross-shore transects on Hog and Metompkin Islands along the Atlantic coast of Virginia. Transects were established starting at the high water mark, and continuing inland until reaching a shrub thicket. Plots were placed 10m apart in beach and swale habitats, and 5m apart across dunes. At each plot, percent composition was measured within a 0.25m^2 quadrat. Aboveground biomass was also obtained within a randomly placed 10x100cm^2 quadrat. Biomass was then dried and weighed. Due to logistical constraints, biomass was not collected in 2022.
Combined data on plant species abundance and composition from LTER and other grasslands in the United States, 1943 - 2010
Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stability of the overall community. While the importance of these mechanisms is debated, few studies have contrasted their importance in an environmental context. We compiled nine long-term datasets of grassland species composition to evaluate the strength of biotic mechanisms of community stability and assess how these mechanisms change across precipitation gradients. Data were collected in replicate plots over time at nine different sites throughout the US (replicates within a site range from 5-100, plot sizes from 0.1 m² to 17 m²; minimum 9 years, maximum 30 years). Species abundance was measured as either percent cover, biomass, or allometrically-derived biomass. At all sites the measurement techniques and management regimes remained constant over the collection period, and the data collection methods were not relativized. For example, sites in which species composition were measured as percent cover do not require their estimates to sum to 100. For sites with long-term experimental treatments, only the control plots were included. These data have been presented in: Lauren M. Hallett, Joanna S. Hsu, Elsa E. Cleland, Scott L. Collins, Timothy L. Dickson, Emily C. Farrer, Laureano A. Gherardi, Katherine L. Gross, Richard J. Hobbs, Laura Turnbull, Katharine N. Suding. 2014. Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient. Ecology 95:1693–1700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/13-0895.1
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/342/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/69/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Canopy coverage and frequency were recorded in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to grazed by native grazers. In each case one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower-slope deep fertile nonrocky soil (tully silty clay loam), and a shallow rocky soil (florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges. In 1983 another ungrazed annual burn area '1c' was added 'both tully and florence soils' because original area '1d' appeared aberrant.
PEW01 Plant species composition and edaphic properties in wallow and non-wallow plots at Konza Prairie
Bison wallows—bare depressions formed by repeated trampling and dust-bathing—introduce fine-scale heterogeneity to tallgrass prairie soils and plant communities. We compared plant communities and edaphic properties of wallows to adjacent non-wallow plots and cattle-grazed plots. Wallows had reduced organic matter and nitrogen but elevated clay and sodium. Non-fenced wallows had lower plant species richness than fenced wallows and all non-wallows. However, wallows supported distinct plant communities, including wetland species in temporary pools. While bison-grazed areas generally had higher plant diversity, wallows added localized variation not found in cattle or fenced plots. Our results suggest wallows function as small-scale ecosystem engineering features, shaping soil conditions and plant composition.
N fertilization experiment plant species composition data for north of the saddle from 2011 to ongoing, yearly
In August 2010, N fertilization plots were established over a gradient of Geum rossii (Aco) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Des) cover in an area of moist-wet meadow alpine tundra north of the Saddle on Niwot Ridge. A total of 20 plots were set up, with 1X-10X being control plots where no nitrogen (N) was added, and 1N-10N being fertilization plots where N was added. Control and fertilized plots were paired so that pairs had the same percent cover of Aco and Des. Initially in 2010, N addition plots were fertilized at a rate of 28.8 g N x m^2 x yr^-1 (72 g of slow-release Osmocote (40-0-0)). In 2011 fertilization rate was reduced to N x m^2 x yr^-1 (25 g Osmocote (2011-2013), Duration Urea 120, 40-0-0, SGN 150 (2014-on).
Elevation gradient plant species composition data for A1, B1, C1, D1, 1953 - 1996.
Plant species presence and abundance (Kooiman and Korb data) were recorded at four stands along an elevational gradient in the Front Range of Colorado. Each stand location was determined by Dr. John Marr. The Marr species data were recorded from at least 12 3ft x 3ft plots located in the corners of his 66ft x 66ft tree quadrats. Only species presence was recorded, not abundance. The Kooiman and Lindhart as well as the Korb data were collected from 50 85cm x 100cm plots which were systematically located within a sampling strip measuring 2m x 100m. Plots were located every two meters alternating left and right of the sampling strip. Species present in the strip but not in the plots were recorded by Kooiman as well as Korb. Species names in this data set are from Weber and Wittman 1996; the Marr and Kooiman datasets were updated using Weber and Wittman's list.
Plant species composition data for Martinelli slope, 1988 - 1997.
Permanent plots were established on the Martinelli slope in 1987. The 25 plots are organized in a Latin square design consisting of 5 rows and 5 columns. Plots are numbered according to row and column, beginning with 11 at the northwest corner of the grid. Plot 55 is located at the southeast corner of the grid. Each plot has dimensions of 1.5 m x 2.0 m. The corners of each plot are marked with rebar stakes. Each plot is divided into an evenly spaced grid consisting of 15 x 20 points on each side, for a total of 300 points, with each point situated 10 cm from its nearest neighbors. Plant species composition was measured using the point-quadrat method every year. The point-quadrat method used was similar to that described by Auerbach (1992): The point-quadrat method was used for estimating canopy stratification and plant cover. Aluminum point-quadrat frames were 3m^2 in size, with double-layer filament spaced 10 cm apart to make a 145 x 195 cm grid for a total of 300 sample points per plot. Plant genus and species at the top and bottom of the canopy were recorded hits at each point. In addition, vegetation condition and hit quality were recorded for each of the data points.
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