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292 results for “plant type”
Block summaries of biomass, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus allocation among tissue types, species, and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment harvests: 2000 and 2015, Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska.
A complete accounting of biomass, C, N, and P allocation both among tissue types (leaves, stems, rhizomes, roots) and among species and plant functional types from Arctic LTER 1981 Moist Acidic Tussock (MAT81) long-term experiment’s untreated control plots and plots that were fertilized annually, harvested after 20 and 35 years, near Toolik Lake Field Station, Alaska. Data are gram per meter squared summarized by block.
Cover and frequency of biological soil crust community types, moss species, vascular plants, and abiotic land surface features, on gypsum & non-gypsum soils from the Chihuahuan and Mojave Deserts in 2023
This dataset contains raw and calculated percent cover and frequency data for biological soil crust (hereafter biocrust) functional groups, vascular plant functional groups, and abiotic land surface features on and off gypsum soils in the northern Chihuahuan and eastern Mojave Deserts. Abundance data were obtained from 20 study sites total, 10 located on soils derived from gypsum parent material and 10 located on soils derived from non-gypsum parent materials. Sites were grouped into 10 pairs, in which every gypsum site was partnered with a non-gypsum site located in the same region. Apart from soil type, partnered-site characteristics (topography, climate, elevation, slope, aspect, and presence of biocrusts) were held relatively constant. At each site, cover and frequency assessments were made using the line-point intercept method (LPI) and frequency quadrats (1.0 m^2), respectively. Biocrust functional groups included the following crusts: lichen, moss, incipient algal, light algal, dark algal, unknown photosynthetic crust, and vagrant cyanobacteria. Vascular plant categories included: perennial forbs, perennial graminoids, annual forbs, annual graminoids, subshrub, shrub, Yucca, and cacti. Abiotic land surface features included: woody litter, herbaceous litter, bare soil, rock, bedrock, and animal feces. Moss crusts identified within cover and frequency analyses were sampled, and classified to species level via microscopy. The resulting percent cover and frequency data was used to understand differences in biocrust and moss species abundance and diversity on and off gypsum soils; furthermore, how biocrust and moss species abundance was associated with the measured environmental variables. Soil physical and chemical data from this study can be accessed at knb-lter-jrn.210616002. This study and dataset are complete.
Seedling emergence and biomass data of nine dryland plant species characterizing the impact of soil residual auxin herbicide across two soil types and water pulse events on greenhouse growth; Las Cruces, New Mexico, Spring 2021.
Synthetic-auxin herbicides are often used to control woody plants and aid in grassland restoration. Seed-based restoration is common alongside herbicide applications and there may be unintended effects of these herbicides on dryland plant species at the seed and seedling stages. Additionally, abiotic conditions at the time of herbicide application may influence herbicide-soil-plant interactions. We conducted a greenhouse study to examine the effects of a common shrub-control herbicide mix and its interaction with soil type and a post-herbicide water pulse on common desert plant seeds and seedlings. In this greenhouse study, we found that a subset of species responded negatively to soil residual herbicide activity of a mixture of aminopyralid, clopyralid, and triclopyr at the seed and seedling stages. Species sensitive to soil herbicide residues were primarily shrub and forb species that are often the target species of herbicide applications for woody plant control, such as Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite) and Larrea tridentata (creosote bush). However, two shrub species (Atriplex canescens [four-wing saltbush] and Yucca elata [soaptree yucca]) and one perennial grass species (Digitaria californica [Arizona cottontop]), which are used in dryland restoration projects, were found to be particularly sensitive to soil residual herbicide activity. Thus, if using these herbicides to control woody plants and restore herbaceous vegetation via active seeding or relying on the in situ seed bank, considerations should be given to what species are used in the seed mix, what species are already present in the soil seed bank, and other details of the circumstances of herbicide application.
New woody plant functional types and parameters for the SAVANNA ecosystem model
<p>New woody plant functional types (PFTs) are defined and parameterised for use in the SAVANNA ecosystem model (Coughenour, 1992, 1993). Supplementary material used in creating the PFTs and parameters are included. Details of the methods are available from the authors on request. The new woody PFTS are defined in terms of growth form, leaf size and defences in relation to large mammal herbivores.</p> <p>1. shrub types are <4 m (Zizka et al., 2014),</p> <p>2. fine-leaf types have bipinnate leaves with leptophyllous- or nanophyllous-sized leaflets (<225 mm2) according to Raunkaier’s leaf size classes (Fuller and Bakke, 1918) given that leaflets of compound leaves are separate morphological units analogous to simple leaves (Milla, 2012; Mo et al., 2022),</p> <p>3. high chemical defence investment (CDI) types have either nitrogen:acid detergent fibre (N:ADF) <0.10 (Wallis et al., 2012) or condensed tannin (CT) >5% (Cooper and Owen-Smith, 1985) when expressed in sorghum tannin or leucocyanidin equivalents as determined by the acid-butanol assay,</p> <p>4. all types, except fine_highcdi and fine_lowcdi, have the square-root of Charles-Dominique et al.'s (2017) "investment in structural defence" (ISD) < 13.</p>
Plant community typing (2009 update), Andrews Experimental Forest
Plant Communities of the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest (revised 2009). A total of 23 forest communities have been identified and characterized in a preliminary manner. Data used in formatting the classification had previously been collected on 300 reconnaissance plots located on the H. J. Andrews Forest and surrounding area. Vegetation classification was facilitated by similarity analysis and stand ordination procedures developed by Dr. Will Moir, formerly of Colorado State University. Results of stand ordination indicate the presence of strong moisture and temperature gradients along which forest stands array themselves. The forest communities recognized in this classification are listed in the following internal report: http://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/pubs/pdf/pub1741.pdf
Final seedling counts for invasive plants seeded at CPCRW on a variety of substrate types.
This dataset contains final seedling counts for invasive plants seeded at the CPCRW research (seeding and measurements taken summer 2012) site on a variety of substrate types.
Long-term record of wetted area, substrate type, and plant features in Sycamore Creek, Arizona, USA (2010-2020)
The primary objective of this project is to understand how long-term climate variability and change influence the structure and function of desert streams via effects on hydrologic disturbance regimes. Climate and hydrology are intimately linked in arid landscapes; for this reason, desert streams are particularly well suited for both observing and understanding the consequences of climate variability and directional change. Researchers try to (1) determine how climate variability and change over multiple years influence stream biogeomorphic structure (i.e., prevalence and persistence of wetland and gravel-bed ecosystem states) via their influence on factors that control vegetation biomass, and (2) compare interannual variability in within-year successional patterns in ecosystem processes and community structure of primary producers and consumers of two contrasting reach types (wetland and gravel-bed stream reaches). This dataset was collected to understand changes of biota patch cover in different sites and reaches of Sycamore Creek and the transition of different algal and plant communities in post-flood succession.
JSTOR plant type specimens linked to GBIF occurrences
<p>A mapping between URLs for type specimens in JSTOR Global Plants and the corresponding occurrence in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).</p><p>Guide to fields:</p><ul><li><strong>doi</strong>: JSTOR identifier</li><li><strong>code</strong>: Barcode:</li><li><strong>gbif</strong>: GBIF occurrence id</li><li><strong>occurrenceUrl</strong>: URL to specimen in original herbarium database</li><li><strong>occurrenceID</strong>: occurrenceID stored in GBIF</li><li><strong>title</strong>: Title of specimen in JSTOR</li><li><strong>resource_type</strong>: Type of resource</li><li><strong>canonical</strong>: Canonical taxonomic name</li><li><strong>stored_under_name</strong>: Taxonomic name specimen is stored under</li><li><strong>type_status</strong>: What kind of type</li><li><strong>family</strong>: Family plant species belongs to</li><li><strong>collector</strong>: Collector</li><li><strong>date</strong>: Date of collection</li><li><strong>country</strong>: Country of collection</li><li><strong>herbarium</strong>: Herbarium where specimen is stored</li><li><strong>names</strong>: All taxonomic names associated with specimen as JSON array</li><li><strong>url</strong>: JSTOR URL</li><li><strong>thumbnailUrl</strong>: URL to thumbnail of image in JSTOR</li></ul>
Impact of Phytophthora cinnamomi on the taxonomic and functional diversity of forest plants in a mediterranean-type biodiversity hotspot
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Aim</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Diversity-rich mediterranean-type sclerophyllous forests are home to 20% of described species on Earth. In the <em>Eucalyptus marginata</em> (jarrah) forest of southwest of Western Australia diversity is being reduced by extensive human use and the introduction of the plant pathogen <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em>. This study investigated the influence of <em>P. cinnamomi </em>infestation on the structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition of the forest.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Location</strong>: Jarrah forest of southwestern Australia</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Species<strong> </strong>abundance, understorey cover and canopy cover were assessed along 22, 30-m long transects which crossed infested and non-infested zones in five reserves in the jarrah forest. A trait database was assembled for 137 plants using 13 traits related to nutrient- and carbon acquisition, disturbance tolerance and reproduction. The responses of canopy cover, understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity, evenness, abundance, and functional diversity for trait groups, and all groups combined were modelled against reserve and zone as fixed effects and transect and transect section as random effects. To assess the species composition, NMDS ordination based on Bray Curtis resemblance and indicator species analyses were used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Results</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal">Significantly higher understorey cover, species richness, Shannon diversity and evenness were recorded in non-infested compared to infested zones, but there were no changes in the canopy cover and overall abundance. In non-infested zones, the functional diversity of nutrient acquisition and reproductive traits was higher, but the functional diversity of carbon acquisition traits was lower. No difference in functional diversity was recorded in disturbance tolerance and overall traits between the two zones. NMDS ordination and ANOSIM revealed a significant difference in the species composition between the two zones, and 11 indicator species significantly associated with infested and non-infested zones were identified.<strong> </strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong>Conclusion</strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><em>Phytophthora cinnamomi</em> has significantly affected the forest structure, taxonomic and functional diversity, and species composition. Contrasting responses of functional trait groups obscured overall trait responses to <em>P. cinnamomi.</em></p>
Données brut spectres émission et excitation de différents types de plante
<p>Données brut des différents spectres d'émissions et d'excitations réalisé pour l'étude de la chlorophylle au sein de différents types de plante. </p>
Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm. in The Early Eocene Flora Of Horsefly, British Columbia, Canada And Its Phytogeographic Significance
Text-fig. 2. Ferns, Ginkgo, and taxodioid conifers. a: Filicalean fern type 1. UAPC-ALTA S sn. b, c: Filicalean fern type 2. b: Overview of specimen, UAPC-ALTA S 59515. c: Detail of (b) to show pinnule shape. d: Azolla primaeva, small plant fragments and rhizoids, BBM-PAL-P000002. e: Metasequoia occidentalis twig with leafy branchlets, BBM- PAL-P000003. f: Ginkgo biloba leaf showing dichotomous venation, GSC 7567. g: Taxodioid branches with flared shoot apices that may represent small cones, UAPC-ALTA S 25090. h: Metasequoia occidentalis branchlet showing opposite leaves, UAPC-ALTA S 59495. i: Taxodioid branchlet showing variation, BBM-PAL-P000004. j: Taxodioid pollen cone, BBM-PAL-P000045. k: Metasequoia seed cone, BBM-PAL-P000005 A. l: cf. Chamaecyparis, BBM-PAL-P000006. Scale bars: a–c, f–l = 1 cm, d = 0.5 cm, e = 2 cm.
The more microplastic types pollute the soil, the stronger the growth suppression of invasive alien and native plants
<p>The ecological consequences of microplastic pollution for plants remain largely unknown, and the few studies that tested the effects usually focused on a single type of microplastic and a single plant species. However, most plants will be exposed to multiple microplastic types simultaneously, and the effects may vary among species.</p> <p>To test the effects of microplastic diversity on plants, we grew single plants of eight invasive and eight native species in pots with substrate polluted with 0, 1, 3 and 6 types of microplastics.</p> <p>We found that the growth suppression by microplastic pollution became stronger with the number of microplastic types the plants were exposed to. This tended to be particularly the case for invasive species, as their biomass advantage over natives diminished with the number of microplastic types. The biomass responses coincided with a positive effect of the number of microplastic types on root allocation and thickness, which was also stronger for invasive than for native species. In addition, the results of hierarchical diversity-interaction models suggest that the negative impact of microplastic diversity on the total biomass of invasive plant species was influenced by both the identities of the microplastic and certain types of microplastic with strong pairwise interactions. In contrast, the effect on native species was determined solely by the microplastic identities.</p> <p><em>Synthesis: </em>Our multi-species study thus shows for the first time that the negative effects of microplastic pollution on plant growth increase with the number of microplastic types. We also found tentative evidence that the negative impacts of microplastic diversity were more pronounced for invasive plants compared to native plants, and that this might be due to differences in the responses of root allocation and thickness.</p>
Effects of different types of low-intensity management on plant-pollinator interactions in Estonian grasslands
<p>In the face of global pollinator decline, extensively-managed grasslands play an important role in supporting stable pollinator communities. However, different types of extensive management may promote particular plant species and thus particular functional traits. As the functional traits of flowering plant species (e.g. flower size and shape) in a habitat determine the identity and frequency of pollinator visitors, they can also influence the structures of plant-pollinator interaction networks. The aim of this study was to examine how the type of low-intensity traditional management influences plant and pollinator composition, the structure of plant-pollinator interactions, and their mediation by floral and insect functional traits. Specifically, we compared mown wooded meadows to grazed alvar pastures in western Estonia. We found that both management types fostered equal diversity of plants and pollinators, and overlapping, though still distinct, plant and pollinator compositions. Wooded meadows had significantly higher connectance and specialisation, while alvar pastures achieved higher Shannon diversity at a standardised sampling of interactions. Pollinators with small body sizes and short proboscis lengths were more specialised in their preference for particular plant species and the specialisation of individual pollinators was higher in alvar pastures than in wooded meadows. All in all, the two management types promoted diverse plant and pollinator communities, which enabled the development of equally even and nested pollination networks. The same generalist plants and pollinators were important for the pollination networks of both wooded meadows and alvar pastures; however, they were complemented by management-specific species, which accounted for differences in network structure. Therefore, the implementation of both management types in the same landscape helps to maintain high species and interaction diversity.</p>
Derivation of plant functional type (PFT) maps from the ESA CCI Land Cover product
<p><em>This package supplements the following paper submitted to ESSD: <strong>Gross and net land cover changes of the main plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps (1992-2015).</strong></em></p> <p><em>Li, W., MacBean, N., Ciais, P., Defourny, P., Lamarche, C., Bontemps, S., Houghton, R. A. and Peng, S.: Gross and net land cover changes based on plant functional types derived from the annual ESA CCI land cover maps, Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., 1–23, doi:10.5194/essd-2017-74, 2017.</em></p> <p><em>This package contains the protocol of converting the original annual ESA CCI Land Cover product into plant functional types (PFTs) that can be used by land surface models and the corresponding cross-walking table.</em></p> <p><em>The original ESA LC class data and translated PFTs in 2000 as an example are attached in the .zip file. The annual ESA CCI PFT maps from 1992 to 2015 at half degree resolution are also added in a .zip file.</em></p>
Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs. in Mid-Latitude Palaeogene Floras Of Eurasia Bound To Volcanic Settings And Palaeoclimatic Events - Experience Obtained From The Far East Of Russia (Sikhote-Alin') And Central Europe (Bohemian Massif)
Text-fig. 3. Distribution of main types of volcanoes in the NearShore Volcanic Belt of Eastern Sikhote-Alin' (Eocene–Neogene). 1 – Central volcanoes (partly preserved); 2 – Central volcanoes (destructed); 3 – Shield and gentle sloping volcanoes with a dolerite or trachy-basaltic neck on the top; 4 – Lava and scoria cones; 5 – Pyroclastic, tuffaceous coarse- and fine-grained terrigenous sedimentary rocks, partly with plant-bearing levels; 6 – Eruption centers of plateau-basalts and the direction of lava flows; 7 – Main Late Cenozoic basaltic plateaus; 8 – Fumarol fields; 9 – Hot springs.
Fig. 47 in Plant Type Materials from Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE; Russia): Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots and some Dicots)
Fig. 47. Isolectotype of Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. var. capitata Maxim. (LE 01012320; KPMNX0001323).
Fig. 46 in Plant Type Materials from Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE; Russia): Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots and some Dicots)
Fig. 46. Lectotype of Carex capricornis Meinsh. ex Maxim. var. capitata Maxim. (LE 01012319; KPM-NX0001322).
Fig. 37 in Plant Type Materials from Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE; Russia): Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots and some Dicots)
Fig. 37. Lectotype (LE 01012432) and syntype (LE 01012430) of Eriocaulon alpestre Hook.f. & Thomson ex Körn. var. robustium Maxim. (KPM-NX0001310).
Fig. 36 in Plant Type Materials from Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE; Russia): Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots and some Dicots)
Fig. 36. Syntype of Polygonatum giganteum A. Dietr var. macranthum Maxim. (LE 01012153; KPMNX0001304).
Fig. 32 in Plant Type Materials from Kanagawa Prefecture (Japan) in the Herbarium of the Komarov Botanical Institute (LE; Russia): Lycophytes, Ferns, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms (Monocots and some Dicots)
Fig. 32. Syntypes of Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. (LE 01012637, LE 01012635, LE 01012636; KPMNX0001294).
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.