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12 results for “plant water relations”
Data: Plant-water relations of the genus Ocotea in Monteverde, Costa Rica
<p><strong>Study Site and Species:</strong> This study was conducted in a fragmented tropical pre-montane wet forest on the Pacific slope of the Cordillera de Tilarán mountains near Monteverde, Costa Rica (10.302379, -84.809142) between February and June 2010. We monitored plant-water relations on understory saplings of three evergreen tree species from the genus <em>Ocotea </em>(Lauraceae), including <em>O. monteverdensis</em>, <em>O. whitei</em>, and <em>O. tenera</em>. The terminal height and diameter at breast height of each individual was measured once at the start of the study.</p> <p><strong>Climate:</strong> To characterize climate, bulk precipitation (S-RGB tipping bucket, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR; S-LIA sensor, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD; S-THB temperature and relative humidity sensor, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) were logged at a 20 min interval using a meteorological station (Hobo MicroStation, Onset Corporation, Bourne, MA) set 1.5 m above ground in an open field ~200 m<sup>2</sup> in size approximately 500 m from the site (10.3248°, -84.820047°, 1415 m asl).</p> <p><strong>Soil Moisture: </strong>Simultaneous to monthly measurements of plant-water relations, soil moisture was measured (n = 10 observations per month) as a percent across 0-20 cm soil depth (Hydrosense, Campbell Scientific, Logan, UT).<strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Plant-Water Relations:</strong> Pre-dawn (before 06:00) and midday (around 12:00) measurements of leaf water potential were measured using a pressure chamber (SAPS, Soil Moisture, Goleta, CA) on a monthly basis on the same 5 individuals of each species between February and June 2010. In February 2010, water potential measurements were also collected every 2 hrs for a 24-hr period to characterize diurnal patterns. Leaf pressure volume curves and stomatal conductance measurements are also available upon request. </p> <p>These data are made available as formatted for PSInet: A global water potential network (https://psinetrcn.github.io/)</p> <p>Funding was provided by a National Geographic Society Young Explorers Grant to G.R. Goldsmith. </p>
Data from: Species-specific variation in germination rates contributes to spatial coexistence more than adult plant water use in four closely-related annual flowering plants
1. Spatial partitioning is a classic hypothesis to explain plant species coexistence, but evidence linking local environmental variation to spatial sorting, demography, and species' traits is sparse. If co-occurring species' performance is optimized differently along environmental gradients because of trait variation, then spatial variation might facilitate coexistence. 2. We used a system of four naturally co-occurring species of Clarkia (Onagraceae) to ask if distribution patchiness corresponds to variation in two environmental variables that contribute to hydrological variation. We then reciprocally sowed Clarkia into each patch type and measured demographic rates in the absence of congeneric competition. Species sorted in patches along one or both gradients, and in three of the four species, germination rate in the "home" patch was higher than all other patches. 3. Spatially variable germination resulted in the same three species exhibiting the highest population growth rates in their home patches. 4. Species' trait values related to plant water use, as well as indicators of water stress in home patches, differed among species and corresponded to home patch attributes. However, post-germination survival did not vary among species or between patch types, and fecundity did not vary spatially. 5. Synthesis Our research demonstrates the likelihood that within-community spatial heterogeneity affects plant species coexistence, and presents novel evidence that differential performance in space is explained by what happens in the germination stage. Despite the seemingly obvious link between adult plant water-use and variation in the environment, our results distinguish the germination stage as important for spatially variable population performance.
Data from: Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence-related seed traits drive plant recruitment
<p>Recruitment of new individuals from seed is a critical component of plant community assembly and reassembly, especially in the context of ecosystem disturbance and recovery. While frameworks typically aim to predict how communities will be filtered on the basis of traits influencing established plant responses to the environment, assembly from seed is more complex: the responses of seeds (affected by dormancy and germination function) and establishing plants (affected by root and leaf function) can both influence outcomes within a single growing season. This creates a potential role for a more diverse set seed and seedling traits, and for environmental variability on shorter timescales (e.g., seasonal versus annual dynamics), than are typically considered. We followed thousands of individual seeds comprising eleven herbaceous grassland species through the first growing season, seeking to uncover critical environmental (precipitation amount and timing) and trait-based filters on seedling emergence and survival in assembling communities. We saw the biggest recruitment limitation when seeds failed to emerge, driven independently by a dry spring and interspecific variation in seed mass (positive effect) and seed dormancy (negative effect). Seedling survival rates were higher than emergence, with weaker predictive roles for traits like seedling root mass allocation (positive effect) and seed mass (positive under spring drought), and lesser impacts of summer rainfall on soil moisture and survival. Interestingly, most trait relationships were not conditional on rainfall, suggesting water-independent mechanisms of their respective advantages. Although recruitment is a complex process, our findings suggest that trait-based assembly frameworks can be a useful way to anticipate outcomes, particularly if dynamic early-stage conditions (e.g., spring rainfall) and attributes (e.g., seed dormancy) receive greater attention. Given the importance of recruitment for community turnover in the context of global change and land management efforts, this is an area ripe for continued expansion in trait-based and applied ecology.</p>
Fifteen physiological traits related to osmoregulation and reactive oxygen species metabolism in two life form aquatic plants under a natural water salinity gradient on the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China
<p><span>Aquatic plants, as the primary producers, determine the community structure and ecological function of freshwater ecosystems. However, salinization threatens inland freshwater wetlands and thus the survival of aquatic plants. Exploring the plant physiological responses to increasing water salinity could enhance our understandings of plant adaptive strategies under future climate change regimes in wetlands. We measured 15 physiological traits of 49 aquatic plant species along a large environmental gradient in alpine and arid regions of western China, to explore the physiological adaptions and compare the similarities and differences in adaptive strategies between the two life forms to natural water salinity. We found that both water salinity and low temperature were key factors affecting aquatic plants in alpine and arid regions. Aquatic plants adapt to saline habitats by accumulating proline and sulfur (S) concentrations, and to cold habitats by increasing ascorbate peroxidase activity. Plant trait network analysis showed that the hub trait in emergent plants was S, but in submerged plants was proline, suggesting that emergent plants balanced osmoregulation and reactive oxygen metabolism via S-containing compounds, while submerged plants prioritizing the regulation of osmotic balance via proline.</span></p>
Data from: Species-specific variation in germination rates contributes to spatial coexistence more than adult plant water use in four closely-related annual flowering plants
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Fifteen physiological traits related to osmoregulation and reactive oxygen species metabolism in two life form aquatic plants under a natural water salinity gradient on the Tibetan Plateau and Northwest China
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Data from: Water the odds? Spring rainfall and emergence-related seed traits drive plant recruitment
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Plant species percent cover data: Distribution of Wetland Plant Species in Relation to the Level of the Water Table
This study established permanent plots along transects in fifteen wetlands covering a range of wetland types. The plot are used to: 1) characterize the non-wooded wetlands at CCESR; 2) determine correlations of plant community type with environmental factors; 3) examine changes over a five year period.
Elevated CO2 alleviates adverse effects of drought on plant water relations and photosynthesis: a global meta-analysis
<p><span>1. </span><span>The elevated CO2 concentration (eCO2) is expected to improve plant water relations and carbon (C) uptakes, with a potential to mitigate drought stress. However, the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant physiology and growth are not clear. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>We performed a meta-analysis on the interactive effects of eCO2 and drought on plant water relations, photosynthesis, biomass production and allocation. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>We found that eCO2 did not lead to conservation of soil water, but improved leaf water status under drought conditions as evidenced by a higher leaf relative water content and a less negative midday leaf water potential, resulting from reduced stomatal conductance (gs) and increased root to shoot ratio. Elevated CO2 retarded gs response to drought, which may be mediated by decreases in leaf abscisic acid concentration under eCO2 and drought. Drought imposed stomatal limitations on photosynthesis (A), which was alleviated by eCO2 via increasing intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). This led to a stronger A response to eCO2 under drought, supporting the "low Ci effect". However, no interaction of eCO2 and drought was detected on plant biomass production. Intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) increased proportionally with eCO2, while plant-scale WUE was less responsive to eCO2 regardless of water availability. The advantages of eCO2 on C3 plants over C4 plants under well-watered conditions diminished under drought conditions. Within C3 plants, drought caused a greater reduction in biomass for woody plants than for herbs. Biomass declined progressively as drought prolonged for plants growing in both ambient CO2 and eCO2. The physiology and biomass of plants growing in pots showed more negative responses to drought than those growing in field. Biomass increase in free-air carbon dioxide enrichment experiments was significantly less than those in growth chamber and open top chamber experiments. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Synthesis</span><span>. These findings suggest that eCO2 can alleviate the adverse impacts of drought on plant water relations and C sequestration, and are of significance in the prediction of plant growth and ecosystem productivity under global changes.</span></p>
Elevated CO2 alleviates adverse effects of drought on plant water relations and photosynthesis: a global meta-analysis
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Data from: Root traits are related to plant water-use among rangeland Mediterranean species
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Expression data from leaflets of domesticated tomato and wild-related Solanum pennellii plants subjected to water stress
GEO Series GSE97045. Solanum lycopersicum; Solanum pennellii. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
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