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14 results for “planting advantage”
Data from: Dispersal and establishment traits provide a colonization advantage for a polyploid apomictic plant
<p><span><strong>Premise</strong>: Apomictic plants (reproducing asexually through seed) often have larger ranges and occur at higher latitudes than closely related sexuals, a pattern known as geographical parthenogenesis (GP). Explanations for GP include differences in colonizing ability due to reproductive assurance and direct/indirect effects of polyploidy (most apomicts are polyploid) on ecological tolerances. While life history traits associated with dispersal and establishment also contribute to the potential for range expansion, few studies compare these traits in related apomicts and sexuals. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>: We investigated differences in early life history traits between diploid-sexual and polyploid-apomictic <em>Townsendia hookeri </em>(Asteraceae), which displays a classic pattern of GP. Using lab and greenhouse experiments, we measured seed dispersal traits, germination success, and seedling size and survival in sexual and apomictic populations from across the range. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Key Results</strong>: While theory predicts that trade-offs between dispersal and establishment traits should be common, this was largely not the case in <em>T. hookeri</em>. Apomictic seeds had both lower terminal velocity (staying aloft longer when dropped) and higher germination success than sexual seeds. While there were no differences in seedling size between reproductive types, apomicts did, however, have slightly lower seedling survival than sexuals. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These differences in early life history traits, combined with reproductive assurance conferred by apomixis, suggest that apomicts achieve a greater range through advantages in their ability to both spread and establish. </span></p>
Data from: Dispersal and establishment traits provide a colonization advantage for a polyploid apomictic plant
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Different sources of natural products from the (a) bacterial, (b) archaeal, (c) fungal, (d) protozoan, (e) chromistan, (f) plant and (g) animal kingdoms, the rationale(s) for screening them for antibacterial activity, and associated advantages and disadvantages
<p>This table of information is from the review article 'Bioprospecting for Antibacterial drugs: A Multidisciplinary Perspective on Natural Product Source Material, Bioassay Selection and Avoidable Pitfalls' (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1">https://doi.org/10.1007/s11095-020-02849-1</a>).</p>
Data from: Enhanced competitive advantage of invasive plants by growth-defense trade-off: Evidence from phytohormone metabolism and transcriptomic analysis
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Data from: Fungal symbionts maintain a rare plant population but demographic advantage drives the dominance of a common host
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Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
<ol> <li>Although the importance of the soil microbiome in mediating plant community structures and functions has been increasingly emphasized in ecological studies, the biological processes driving crop diversity overyielding remain unexplained in agriculture. Based on the plant-soil feedback (PSF) theory and method, we quantified how much soil microbes contributed to intercropping overyielding and detected which microbial groups mediated this effect.</li> <li>Soils were collected as inocula and sequenced from a unique 10-year field experiment, consisting of monoculture, intercropping and rotation planted with wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>), maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) or faba bean (<i>Vicia faba</i>). A PSF study was conducted to test microbial effects on three crops' growth in monoculture or intercropping.</li> <li>In wheat & faba bean (W&F) and maize & faba bean (M&F) systems, soil microbes drove intercropping overyielding compared to monoculture, with 28-51% of the overyielding contributed by microbial legacies. The overyielding effects resulted from negative PSFs in both systems, as crops, in particular faba bean grew better in soils conditioned by other crops than itself. Moreover, faba bean grew better in soils from intercropping or rotation than from the average of monocultures, indicating a strong positive legacy effect of multispecies cropping systems. However, with positive PSF and negative legacy benefit effect of intercropping/rotation, we did not observe significant overyielding in the W&M system.</li> <li>With more bacterial and fungal dissimilarities by metabarcoding in heterospecific than its own soil, the better it improved faba bean growth. More detailed analysis showed faba bean monoculture soil accumulated more putative pathogens with higher <i>Fusarium</i> relative abundance and more <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> gene copies by qPCR, while in heterspecific soils, there was less pathogenetic effects when cereals were engaged. Further analysis in maize/faba bean intercropping also showed an increase of rhizobia relative abundance.</li> <li> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. Our results demonstrate a soil microbiome-mediated advantage in intercropping through suppression of the negative PSF of pathogens and increasing beneficial microbes. As microbial mediation of overyielding is context-dependent, we conclude that the dynamics of both beneficial and pathogenic microbes should be considered in designing cropping systems for sustainable agriculture, particularly including combinations of legumes and cereals.</li> </ol>
Data from: Environmental factors and traits that drive plant litter decomposition do not determine home-field advantage effects
The 'home-field advantage' (HFA) hypothesis predicts that plant litter is decomposed faster than expected underneath the plant from which it originates ('home') than underneath other plants ('away'), because decomposer communities are specialized to break down litter from the plants they associate with. However, empirical evidence shows that the occurrence of HFA is highly variable, and the reasons for this are little understood. In our study we progress our understanding by investigating whether HFA is stronger for more recalcitrant litter types and under colder conditions and how soil properties and plant functional traits affect the magnitude and direction of HFA. In subarctic tundra in northern Sweden we set up a reciprocal transplant litter decomposition experiment along an elevational gradient where three highly contrasting vegetation types (heath, meadow and Salix) occur at all elevations, and where temperature decreases strongly with elevation. In this study, we used a litter bag approach where litters from each elevation × vegetation type combination were decomposed in all combinations of elevation × vegetation type. We also measured community-level plant functional traits, such as leaf and litter nutrient content. We determined soil biotic and abiotic properties, such as microbial biomass and soil nutrient content, in soil cores collected for each elevation × vegetation type combination. We found that mass loss increased with plant and litter nutrient content and with soil temperature. In contrast, the occurrence of HFA was limited in our study system, and its magnitude and direction could not be explained by vegetation type, elevation, plant traits or soil properties, despite these factors serving as powerful drivers of litter mass loss in our study. We conclude that although vegetation type and climate are major drivers of litter mass loss, they do not emerge as important determinants of HFA. Therefore, while rapid shifts in plant community composition or temperature due to global change are likely to influence litter mass loss directly by altering environmental conditions, plant trait spectra and litter quality, indirect effects of global change resulting from decoupling of specialist interactions between litter and decomposer communities appears to be of less importance.
Data from: Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal
1. We used an agent-based model to test the hypothesis that diet complementation by frugivores can promote the persistence of rare plant species in communities (DCH). 2. Models simulated bird movement, frugivory, seed-dispersal, and plant recruitment on landscapes that differed in their degree of fragmentation and in their degree of fruiting species mixing at the scale of frugivores' foraging decisions. 3. Diet complementation promoted the dispersal of rare-species without the need of a priori preference from birds. The effects of landscape structure on the dispersal of rare plants were small (<5%) compared to positive effects of diet complementation because birds tracked the nutrients contained in rare fruits to balance their diets. However, resource-tracking of rare fruits increased foraging costs up to 20% of net energy intakes. 4. During post-dispersal stages, density-dependent mortality only conferred advantages to rare plants when located within hetero-specific plant patches. Still, thanks to rare-biased dispersal, rare plants showed the highest seed dispersal effectiveness irrespectively of landscape configuration. 5. Our theoretical approach presents a behavioral mechanism by which fruit choice can act as a frequency-dependent mechanism conferring rare-species advantages as important as classic post-dispersal density-dependent processes. 6. We hope that this study stimulates future work aimed at evaluating the importance of diet complementation in structuring the composition and spatial patterning of plant communities.
Data from: The advantage of male-biased flower production in andromonoecious plants under intensive predispersal seed predation
<p><span>1) Not only mutualistic plant–pollinator interactions but also antagonistic plant–herbivore interactions can be a selective force on sex allocation in angiosperms. In this study, we investigate how predispersal seed predation affects the reproductive success and floral gender of andromonoecious herbs on a natural snowmelt gradient.</span></p> <p><span>2) The developing fruits of an alpine herb (<em>Peucedanum</em> <em>multivittatum</em>: Apiaceae) were intensively predated by lepidopteran larvae (<em>Phaulernis</em> <em>fulviguttella</em>: Epermeniidae) in the early-snowmelt populations, where flowering occurred from mid to late July. In the late-snowmelt populations, where flowering occurred after early August, seed predation was negligible due to the oviposition of the predator moths being concentrated in early summer. The moths tended to oviposit on plants with more perfect flowers and taller inflorescences, whereas the number of male flowers was independent of their oviposition preference. </span></p> <p><span>3) Responding to the oviposition behavior, the proportion of male flowers was the largest and floral stems were the shortest in the early-snowmelt population suffering from intensive predation damage. The contribution of perfect flowers to intact seed production significantly decreased with earlier flowering along the snowmelt gradient. Fitness measurements using genetic markers revealed that the increase in flower number resulted in greater success as a pollen donor within a population. Thus, plants can ameliorate the risk of predation damage to sired seeds by wider pollen dispersal. </span></p> <p><span>4) Synthesis: Taken together, the greater production of male flowers at the expense of perfect flowers is advantageous under intensive predation pressure owing to the reduction of predation damage (female fitness) and the improvement of siring success (male fitness). These results revealed that predispersal seed predation acts as a selective force that promotes male-biased sex allocation in andromonoecious plants.</span></p>
Soil microbial legacy drives crop diversity advantage: linking ecological plant-soil feedback with agricultural intercropping
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Data from: Environmental factors and traits that drive plant litter decomposition do not determine home-field advantage effects
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Diet complementation as a frequency‐dependent mechanism conferring advantages to rare plants via dispersal
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The advantage of male-biased flower production in andromonoecious plants under intensive predispersal seed predation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
An advantage of tilt and turn windows: open it without disturbing the plants on your window sill
<u>Source</u>: Flickr <br><u>4DCity URL</u>: <a href="https://4dcity.org/imgupload/1665393212.2899.jpg">https://4dcity.org/imgupload/1665393212.2899.jpg</a> <br><u>Original Image URL</u>: <a href="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52192895310_73b3e8950b_m.jpg">https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52192895310_73b3e8950b_m.jpg</a> <br><br><u>Image-Metadata:</u><br>Filename: 1665393212.2899.jpg<br>Image Dimensions: 180x240<br>Megapixels: 0.04 MP<br>Filesize: 19.41 KB<br><br>ExifOffset: 38
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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