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53 results for “plate tectonics”
New maps of global geologic provinces and tectonic plates: global tectonics data and QGIS project file
<p>The global tectonics data compilation is a set of raster and vector data that are useful for investigating tectonics past and present. The datasets are useful on their own or can be used in GIS software, which includes the QGIS project file for convenience. The datasets include our new models for tectonic plate boundaries and deformation zones, geologic provinces and orogens. Additional datasets include earthquake and volcano locations, geochronology, topography, magnetics, gravity, and seismic velocity.</p> <p>The global tectonics collection is suitable for research and educational purposes.</p>
Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era
<div>Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era</div> <div> </div> <div>Alexander Young(1), Nicolas Flament(1), Kayla Maloney(2), Simon Williams(2), Kara Matthews(2), Sabin Zahirovic(2), Dietmar Müller(2,3)</div> <div> </div> <div>1. The University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia </div> <div> </div> <div>2. EarthByte Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia</div> <div> </div> <div>3. Sydney Informatics Hub, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia </div> <div> </div> <div>Contact: ajy321@uowmail.edu.au</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>Supplementary Material</div> <div> </div> <div>We provide the digital plate model files (including rotations and geometries). These files allow for the visualisation and/or manipulation of the late Paleozoic to present-day (410-0 Ma) global plate motion model presented in this study. </div> <div> </div> <div>#########################################</div> <div>The digital plate model files are compatible with the open-source GPlates plate reconstruction software (<a href="https://www.gplates.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener">www.gplates.org</a>):</div> <div> </div> <div>(1) Rotations - Global rotation model that contains the reconstruction poles that describe the motions of the continents and oceans.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_250-0Ma_Young_et_al.rot</strong> (455 KB)</div> <div>-<strong> Global_410-250Ma_Young_et_al.rot</strong> (154 KB)</div> <div> </div> <div>(2) Plate polygons and boundary geometries - Topologically closed plate polygons are constructed from the intersection of ridges, transforms, subduction zones and other plate boundary geometries. These 'resolved topologies' are defined at 1 Myr intervals (410-0 Ma). The plate boundary geometries and plate polygons have been assigned plate reconstruction IDs to allow them to be reconstructed using the supplied rotation file.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_Mesozoic-Cenozoic_plate_bounds_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (36.5 MB)</div> <div>- <strong>Global_Paleozoic_plate_bounds_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (6.7 MB)</div> <div>- <strong>TopologyBuildingBlocks_Young_etal.gpml</strong> (2 MB) - this file is identical to Müller et al. (2016)</div> <div> </div> <div>(3) Coastlines - Geometries of the present-day coastlines.</div> <div>- <strong>Global_coastlines_Young_et_al_low_res.shp</strong> (1.2 MB including auxiliary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>(4) Static polygons (optional) - Includes ocean isochron and terrane polygon geometries.</div> <div>- <strong>GlobalPresentDay_SPP_Young_etal.shp</strong> (1.4 MB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>(5) Continental polygons (optional) - Includes continental terrane polygon geometries and excludes oceanic lithosphere.</div> <div>- <strong>PresentDay_ContPolygons_Young_etal.shp</strong> (451 KB inc. auxillary files, datum-WGS 1984)</div> <div> </div> <div>GPlates: </div> <div>To view the model, load all files in GPlates (either drag and drop files onto the globe OR from the navigation bar at the top of the screen click File -> Open Feature Collection and select files). Both rotation files (1) and each of the three plate geometry files (2) need to be loaded for the model to work properly. It is recommended that coastlines (3) are loaded to see how the continents move, however only one coastline file is necessary (.gpml or .shp). The static polygons (4) and continental polygons (5) are optional. </div> <div> </div> <div>The two rotation files need to be 'connected' in order for the model to run continuously from 410 to 0 Ma. In the GPlates 'Layers' window (opened from the main navigation bar, click 'Window' -> 'Show Layers') the rotation files will be highlighted yellow, yet only one will have a yellow tick next to it to signify it is being used. Click the small black triangle to the left the ticked rotation file. Under 'Inputs' -> 'Reconstruction features' click 'Add new connection' and then select the other rotation file from the list of files that will appear. This will ensure that both rotation files are active. </div> <div> </div> <div>Finally, it is recommended to experiment with geometry visibility in order to make the globe less cluttered. For instance, from the navigation bar click View -> Geometry Visibility and untick 'Show Line Geometries'. Alternatively, files can be toggled on and off using the tick boxes in the Layers window. For more information about using GPlates, a set of user tutorials can be accessed from the GPlates website - http://www.gplates.org/docs.html.</div> <div> </div> <div> </div> <div>#########################################</div> <div>MODEL REFERENCING:</div> <div>When using our model, in addition to citing this publication, please consider citing the studies of Domeier and Torsvik (2014), Matthews et al. (2016) and Müller et al. (2016) which served as the basis for this model in the late Paleozoic and Mesozoic-Cenozoic, respectively, and citing any other study that describes refinements to the plate reconstructions in your region of interest as appropriate. </div> <div> </div> <div>- Domeier, M., & Torsvik, T. H. (2014). Plate tectonics in the late Paleozoic. Geoscience Frontiers, 5(3), 303-350. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.gsf.2014.01.002</a></div> <div>- Müller, R. D., Seton, M., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Matthews, K. J., Wright, N. M., Shephard, G. E., Maloney, K., Barnett-Moore, N., Hosseinpour, M., Bower, D. J., & Cannon, J. (2016). Ocean Basin Evolution and Global-Scale Plate Reorganization Events Since Pangea Breakup. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 44(1). DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1146/annurev-earth-060115-012211</a></div> <div>-Matthews, K. J., Maloney, K. T., Zahirovic, S., Williams, S. E., Seton, M., & Mueller, R. D. (2016). Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late Paleozoic. Global and Planetary Change, 146, 226-250.</div> <div>DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">10.1016/j.gloplacha.2016.10.002</a></div>
Plate model for 'Extending Full-Plate Tectonic Models into Deep Time: Linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic '
<p>Plate model for the last 1 Ga accompanying Merdith et al. (2021), Earth Science Reviews.</p> <p>-changes</p> <p>Correction to animation file.</p>
Cretaceous-scope supplementary material to "The Cretaceous World: Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Paleoclimate"
<p>Cretaceous Supplemental Materials for the study ‘<em>The Cretaceous World: Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography and Paleoclimate</em>’ by C.R. Scotese C. Vérard, L. Burgener, R. P. Elling and A.T. Kocsis (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2024-28">https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2024-28</a>). Please cite this article if you use any material here in your publication.</p> <p>Please see the included '<em>Cretaceous Supplemental Materials Explanation.docx</em>' document for description of supplementary items and table of contents. </p>
Phanerozoic-scope supplementary material to "The Cretaceous World: Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography, and Paleoclimate" from the PALEOMAP project
<p>Phanerozoic Supplemental Materials for the study ‘<em>The Cretaceous World: Plate Tectonics, Paleogeography and Paleoclimate</em>’ by C.R. Scotese C. Vérard, L. Burgener, R. P. Elling and A.T. Kocsis (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2024-28">https://doi.org/10.1144/sp544-2024-28</a>). Please cite this article if you use any material here in your publication.</p> <p>Please see the included '<em>Phanerozoic Supplemental Materials Explanation.docx</em>' document for description of supplementary items and table of contents. </p>
Extending full-plate tectonic models into deep time: Linking the Neoproterozoic and the Phanerozoic
<p>This file describes the plate model accompanying Merdith et al. (in review), 'A continuous, kinematic full-plate motion model from 1 Ga to present'. It is a compilation of four plate models: Domeier (2016; 2018); Merdith et al. (2017); Young et al. (2019) and presented purely in a palaeomagnetic reference frame derived from Tetley (2018).</p> <p>This directory contains <strong>Merdith_etal_2021_ESR_v1.2.4.gproj</strong>, which is a GPlates project file that will load the following:</p> <p><strong>1000_0_rotfile_Merdith_etal.rot</strong> - the Global Rotation Model but with a purely paleomagnetic reference frame</p> <p><strong>1000_410-*{Convergence/Divergence/Transform/Topologies}-Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - the plate topologies for 1000 to 410 Ma</p> <p><strong>410-250_plate_bounds_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - the plate topologies for 410 to 250 Ma</p> <p><strong>250-0_plate_bounds_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - the plate topologies for 250 to 0 Ma</p> <p><strong>TopologyBuildingBlocks_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - building blocks for some topologies between 410 and 0 Ma</p> <p><strong>coastlines_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - a Global Coastline file (mainly for the past 400 Ma)</p> <p><strong>continents_Merdith_etal.gpml </strong>- a Global Continent shapes file (for the past 1 Ga)</p> <p><strong>cratons_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - a Global cratonic shapes file (for the past 1 Ga)</p> <p><strong>static_polygons_Merdith_etal.gpml</strong> - a Global static polygon file (for the past 1 Ga)</p> <p><strong>1000-410_poles.gpml </strong>- collection of palaeomagnetic data used to constrain the model between 1000 and 410 Ma (corresponds to Table 1 in the associated publication)</p> <p>For the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, the plates comprising the Pacific Ocean traditionally move in a separate reference to the other ocean basins and continental motions, instead defined by hotspot motion. In order to preserve the plate motion of the Pacific relative to the continental domains where the new GAPWAP was implemented, we extracted relative plate rotations between the Pacific (plateID: 901) and Africa (plateID: 701) in 5 Ma intervals between 250 and 83 Ma from the Young et al. (2019) model, which has been corrected for errata as discussed in Torsvik et al. (2019). This results in the same relative motion of all Pacific plates to continental plates; however it slightly alters the absolute position of the Pacific plates between 250 and 83 Ma. Studies interested in short(er) timescale (< 5 Ma) analysis or absolute plate motions should use a different model that explicitly links plate motion with the mantle (e.g. (Muller et al. 2019; Tetley et al. 2019)). To be clear, if you want to analyse the Pacific Ocean, including hotspot motion, Hawaiian-Emperor Bend kinematics etc. you should not use this model.</p> <p>To load these datasets in GPlates do the following:</p> <p>1. Open GPlates</p> <p>2. Pull down the GPlates File menu and select Open Project</p> <p>3. Click to select the GPROJ file</p> <p>4. Click Open</p> <p>Alternatively, drag and drop the GPROJ file onto the globe.</p> <p>You now have a global present day continents loaded in GPlates as well as the underlying rotation model and evolving plate topologies. Play around with the GPlates buttons to make an animation, select features, draw features, etc. For more information, read the GPlates manual which can be downloaded from <a href="https://www.gplates.org">www.gplates.org.</a> </p> <p>The agegrids associated with this model were subsquently developed as part of the <a href="../records/10910449" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Muller et al. 2022</a> model and can be accessed at: <a href="https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/</a>.</p> <p><br> </p>
A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution
<p>The archive <strong>Muller_etal_2022_SE_1Ga_Opt_PlateMotionModel.zip</strong> contains the files for the plate model in an optimised mantle reference frame. GPlates or pyGPlates software (<a href="https://www.gplates.org/">www.gplates.org</a>) is needed to read these files. </p> <p>The archive <strong>Muller_etal_2022_SE_mantle-ref-frame-oceanic-crustal-agegrids.zip</strong> contains the oceanic crustal age grids in netCDF-4 format for the optimised mantle reference frame plate model, while the archive <strong>Muller_etal_2022_SE_PMAG_oceanic-crustal-agegrids.zip</strong> contains the oceanic crustal age grids in netCDF-4 format for the paleomagnetic reference frame plate model from Merdith et al. (2021).</p> <p> </p> <p>The agegrids associated with this model can be accessed at: <a href="https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/</a></p>
Data for "A snapshot of the long term evolution of a distributed tectonic plate boundary" submitted to Science Advances
<p>This compressed folder contains data presented in Figures of the following paper: "<strong>A snapshot of the long term evolution of a distributed tectonic plate boundary</strong>" by M. Dalaison, R. Jolivet, L. Le Pourhiet; submitted to <em>Science Advances</em> in February 2023</p> <p>Please open the README.txt file for details about the folder's content</p>
Dataset for High-resolution mantle flow models reveal importance of plate boundary geometry and slab pull forces on generating tectonic plate motions
<p>This repository contains the plugin and dataset used to setup models in the manuscript: "High-resolution mantle flow models reveal importance of plate boundary geometry and slab pull forces on generating tectonic plate motions".</p> <p>The material model plugin used in our models is in the "plugins" folder. The "models" folder contains the reference input parameter file described in the paper. All other model configurations shown in the paper can be obtained by modifying this parameter file. The input files used to set up the models are in the respective folder. Additionally, the Jupyter notebook used to compute residuals of our models is provided in the "scripts" folder.</p> <p> </p>
FIGURE 18 in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
FIGURE 18. Highest maximum-likelihood tree (-ln = 8673.71) from the 2760 aligned nuclear RAG-1 DNA positions. The maximum-likelihood analysis chose one of the 62 equally parsimonious trees. Bootstrap values are presented above branches and comparative parsimony decay indices are presented below branches in bold (Macey 2005). Branches that appear in parsimony analyses have the parsimony decay index plotted. Branches with no parsimony cost but are not present in strict consensus trees are listed as a "0" decay value. Branches that conflict with the parsimony analysis have a negative decay value representing the number of parsimony steps cost to obtain the maximum-likelihood branch. Bold italic bootstraps are those that differ from parsimony analysis. A dash above a branch is one that had a bootstrap value above 50% in the parsimony analysis but does not in this analysis. Outgroups (Laudakia, Bufoniceps, and Trapelus), and Phrynocephalus clades and lineages previously identified are labeled to the right as A–M (clades that are broken are numbered).
PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds. in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE VIII. Outgroup taxa and Phrynocephalus mimicry adaptations. (A) Laudakia caucasia; (B) habitat of A, Big Balkan Mountains, Turkmenistan; (C) Trapelus sanguinolentus; (D) habitat of C, Repetek, Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan; (E) P. turcomanus illustrating false large head with eyes on body-back; and (F) P. mystaceus illustrating false enlarged mouth with red capillary-beds.
PLATE VI in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE VI. Species of the northern Tibetan Plateau. (A) P. hongyuanensis; (B) habitat of A, near Waqên, northeastern Tibet in Sichuan Province; (C) P. roborowskii-1; (D) habitat of C, Chaka Depression, Qinghai Province; (E) P. vlangalii-1; and (F) habitat of E, near Heimahe, south side of Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province.
FIGURE 4 in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
FIGURE 4. Strict consensus of three equally parsimonious trees of 4425 steps from the 1595 included (839 informative) aligned mitochondrial DNA positions. Bootstrap values are presented above branches and decay indices are presented below branches in bold. Outgroups (Laudakia, Bufoniceps, and Trapelus), and well-supported Phrynocephalus clades and lineages are identified to the right as A–M.
PLATE VII. Species of the low elevation deserts in China (A-D) and northern Caspian Basin in Russia (E-F). (A) P. przewalskii-3; (B) habitat of A, Shapatou (foreground), Yellow River, Gobi Desert, Ningxia; (C) P. salenskyi-1; (D) habitat of C, near Jimsar, Junggar Depression, Xinjiang; (E) P. guttatus; and (F) habitat of E, west side of Caspian Sea in Dagestan. in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE VII. Species of the low elevation deserts in China (A-D) and northern Caspian Basin in Russia (E-F). (A) P. przewalskii-3; (B) habitat of A, Shapatou (foreground), Yellow River, Gobi Desert, Ningxia; (C) P. salenskyi-1; (D) habitat of C, near Jimsar, Junggar Depression, Xinjiang; (E) P. guttatus; and (F) habitat of E, west side of Caspian Sea in Dagestan.
PLATE IV in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE IV. Small species inhabiting hard substrates in the Caspian Basin of Turkmenistan. (A) P. rossikowi; (B) habitat of A, along the Amu-Darya River; (C) P. raddei; (D) habitat of C, Karakum Desert, north of Ashkhabad; (E) P. bannikovi; and (F) habitat of E, Big Balkan Mountains.
PLATE III. Species of southern Tibet and soft substrate habitats in the Caspian Basin. (A) P. theobaldi; (B) habitat of A, near Yangbajain, north of Lhasa, southern Tibet; (C) P. sogdianus; (D) P. interscapularis; (E) P. mystaceus; and (F) habitat of D and E, Karakum Desert. north of Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan. in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE III. Species of southern Tibet and soft substrate habitats in the Caspian Basin. (A) P. theobaldi; (B) habitat of A, near Yangbajain, north of Lhasa, southern Tibet; (C) P. sogdianus; (D) P. interscapularis; (E) P. mystaceus; and (F) habitat of D and E, Karakum Desert. north of Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan.
PLATE V in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE V. Large species inhabiting hard substrates in the Caspian Basin of Turkmenistan (A-D) and Kazakhstan (E-F). (A) P. golubewii; (B) habitat of A, near Bami, southern edge of Karakum Desert; (C) P. turcomanus; (D) habitat of C, southern edge of Karakum Desert; (E) P. helioscopus; and (F) habitat of E, Barsakel'mes Island, Aral Sea.
PLATE II in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE II. Species of the Helmand Basin in Afghanistan and Iranian Plateau. (A) P. luteoguttatus; (B) P. clarkorum; (C) P. ornatus; (D) habitat of A and B, Registan Desert, Afghanistan; (E) P. scutulatus; and (F) habitat of E, near Khabr, southern Iran.
PLATE I in A molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the Asian agamid lizard genus Phrynocephalus reveals discrete biogeographic clades implicated by plate tectonics
PLATE I. Species of the Arabian Peninsula and Iranian Plateau. (A) P. arabicus-2; (B) habitat of A, near Al Ashkhara, Oman; (C) P. longicaudatus; (D) habitat of C, near Al Hij, Bar Al Hikman Peninsula, Oman; (E) P. maculatus-2; and (F) habitat of E, near Sirjan, southern Iran.
Data from: A journey on plate tectonics sheds light on European crayfish phylogeography
Crayfish can be used as model organisms in phylogeographic and divergence time studies if reliable calibrations are available. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the phylogeography of the European stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) and includes samples from previously unstudied sites. Two mitochondrial markers were used to reveal evolutionary relationships among haplogroups throughout the species' distributional range and to estimate the divergence time by employing both substitution rates and geological calibration methods. Our haplotype network reconstruction and phylogenetic analyses revealed the existence of a previously unknown haplogroup distributed in Romania's Apuseni Mountains. This haplogroup is closely related to others that are endemic in the Dinarides, despite their vast geographical separation (~600 km). The separation is best explained by the well-dated tectonic displacement of the Tisza-Dacia microplate, which started in the Miocene (~16 Ma) and possibly carried part of the A. torrentium population to the current location of the Apuseni Mountains. This population may thus have been isolated from the Dinarides for a period of ca. 11 m.y. by marine and lacustrine phases of the Pannonian Basin. The inclusion of this geological event as a calibration point in divergence time analyses challenges currently accepted crayfish evolutionary time frames for the region, constraining the evolution of this area's crayfish to a much earlier date. We discuss why molecular clock calibrations previously employed to date European crayfish species divergences should therefore be reconsidered.
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