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34 results for “poeciliids”
FIGURE 3 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 3 | Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) results showing the relative influence of environmental variable on the community structure of fish species within each site and seasons. Native species are represented by black triangles, while invasive species are denoted by black circles
FIGURE 2 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 2 | Rank-abundance curves for each site and each sampled season. Pb: Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus; Pr: Poecilia reticulata; Pg: P. gracilis; Pm: P. mexicana; Ga: Goodea atripinnis; Nc: Notropis calientis, Cc: Cyprinus carpio. Native species are highlighted in bold. Due to the high number of individuals in drainage confluence site Log10 was used for comparative purposes.
FIGURE 1 in Invasive poeciliids dominate fish community in a highly altered river: insights from a diversity study of riverbank fishes in Mexico
FIGURE 1 | Map of the sampling sites along the Tula River: 1) Dam spillway, 2) Spring-fed, 3) Drainage confluence.
Phylogeography of Limia vittata (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae): geographical distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes is comparable to other Cuban poeciliids
<p>This is the supplementary material associated with the article "Phylogeography of <em>Limia vittata</em> (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae): geographical distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes is comparable to other Cuban poeciliids", published by the Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad040">https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blad040</a>). The following documents (pdf format) are included:</p> <p><strong>Supporting Information 1 </strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1.</strong> Sampling size (n) and haplotype (<em>COI</em>+<em>CR</em>) information for each sampling locality of <em>L. vittata</em> included in this study. Numbers correspond to those indicated in Figure 1. A star (*) represents a new locality record for <em>L. vittata</em>. ANC: acronym of the Acuario Nacional de Cuba Collection, La Habana, Cuba.</p> <p><strong>Supporting Information 2</strong></p> <p><strong>Table S1.</strong> Prior distribution of parameters used for the analysis of the <em>L. vittata</em> data based on the ABC approach using DIYABC v.2.1.0 (<a href="#CIT0008">Cornuet <em>et al</em>., 2014</a>). Time is in generations. W-PR: Western Pinar del Río population, W-C: Western-Central population, C-E: Central-Eastern population.</p> <p><strong>Table S2.</strong> Summary statistics between <em>L. vittata</em> haplogroups for each scenario based on 3 × 10<sup>6</sup> simulated datasets. NHA: number of alleles, NSS: number of segregating sites, MPD: mean of pairwise differences, VPD: variance of pairwise differences, MP2: mean pairwise differences within samples, MPB: mean pairwise differences between samples, HST: F<sub><em>ST</em></sub> between samples.</p> <p><strong>Table S3.</strong> Posterior distributions of the parameters based on scenario B for <em>L. vittata</em>. Data were obtained from 1% of the simulated dataset (1 × 10<sup>6</sup>). Time is in generations. W-PR: Western Pinar del Río population, W-C: Western-Central population, C-E: Central-Eastern population. RMAE: relative median of absolute error.</p> <p><strong>Figure S1.</strong> PCA of the summary statistics of the observed dataset and the dataset generated from the prior distribution of parameters to evaluate the three biogeographic scenarios explaining the current distribution of <em>L. vittata</em>. The analysis was performed using DIYABC v.2.1.0 (<a href="#CIT0008">Cornuet <em>et al.</em>, 2014</a>).</p> <p><strong>Figure S2.</strong> Posterior probability of the biogeographic scenarios tested to explain the current distribution of <em>L. vittata</em>. Logistic regression was used to compute the posterior probability using the ABC approach as implemented in DIYABC v.2.1.0 (<a href="#CIT0008">Cornuet <em>et al.</em>, 2014</a>).</p> <p><strong>Supporting Information 3</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure S1.</strong> Bayesian tree depicting the relationships of 160 partial <em>COI</em>+<em>CR</em> sequences of <em>L. vittata</em>. The red dots depict samples from eastern localities (Yateras, Sabanalamar, and Yacabo Abajo) sharing the W-C haplogroups (H9 and H10). Bootstrap support (≥ 93) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95) are shown for the main clades.</p> <p><strong>Supporting Information 4</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure S1.</strong> Mismatch distribution of pairwise haplotype differences from partial <em>COI</em> and <em>CR</em> sequences for the three haplogroups recovered in <em>L. vittata</em>. Dashed lines represent the distribution of the observed pairwise nucleotide differences, whereas solid lines represent the values expected after a population growth or decline model.</p> <p><strong>Supporting Information 5</strong></p> <p><strong>Figure S1.</strong> Maximum Likelihood tree and haplotype network of <em>Girardinus falcatus</em>, <em>Girardinus metallicus,</em> and the <em>Gambusia punctata</em> species complex based on <em>cytb</em> partial sequences. Each colour represents a geographic region in Cuba. Green: westernmost Cuba, blue: western Cuba, orange: central Cuba, red: eastern Cuba. Numbers on tree branches are bootstrap values ≥ 95% and hatch marks on the networks are the number of mutations. n: number of individuals, H: number of haplotypes, <em>h</em>: haplotype diversity, π: nucleotide diversity, SD: standard deviation.</p> <p><strong>Table S1.</strong> Sampling size (n), GenBank accession numbers, and studies that made available the sequences of cytochrome <em>b</em> used for the phylogeographic comparisons of the different poeciliids in Cuba.</p>
Data from: Ecological, evolutionary and human-mediated determinants of poeciliid species richness on Caribbean islands
Aim: The theory of island biogeography provides a predictive framework relating species richness to island size and distance from the mainland. However, the theory as originally formulated does not necessarily scale to large islands and continental landmasses that are capable of generating species through in situ speciation (rather than entirely by colonization), nor does it necessarily account for how human introduction of species alters traditional biogeographical patterns. Here, we examine the ecological (colonization and extinction), evolutionary (in situ speciation) and human-mediated (deliberate introductions) determinants of species richness in a taxonomic group that has undergone a radiation on Caribbean islands: live-bearing fishes of the family Poeciliidae. Location: The Caribbean. Methods: We created a database of both native and introduced poeciliid species occurrence on Caribbean islands through literature review, and estimated the number of colonizations versus speciation events on each island using a molecular phylogeny. Linear regression and other statistical tests were used to explore species–area and species–isolation relationships. Results: Species richness on small islands results entirely from colonization and does not significantly increase with island area, whereas on larger islands species richness increases dramatically as a function of area due primarily to in situ speciation. Poeciliid fishes have been introduced widely, both as a by-product of their popularity in the aquarium hobby and as a means of mosquito control. We show that such establishments have occurred disproportionately on islands depauperate in native species, and that introduced species richness is positively correlated with economic interconnectedness (shipping traffic) and human population size. Main conclusions: On large Caribbean islands in situ speciation has elevated the number of poeciliid species beyond that predicted from ecological processes alone. Introduced species significantly alter biogeographical patterns.
Data from: The rediscovery of a long described species reveals additional complexity in speciation patterns of poeciliid fishes in sulfide springs
The process of ecological speciation drives the evolution of locally adapted and reproductively isolated populations in response to divergent natural selection. In Southern Mexico, several lineages of the freshwater fish species of the genus Poecilia have independently colonized toxic, hydrogen sulfide-rich springs. Even though ecological speciation processes are increasingly well understood in this system, aligning the taxonomy of these fish with evolutionary processes has lagged behind. While some sulfide spring populations are classified as ecotypes of Poecilia mexicana, others, like P. sulphuraria, have been described as highly endemic species. Our study particularly focused on elucidating the taxonomy of the long described sulfide spring endemic, Poecilia thermalis Steindachner 1863, and investigates if similar evolutionary patterns of phenotypic trait divergence and reproductive isolation are present as observed in other sulfidic species of Poecilia. We applied a geometric morphometric approach to assess body shape similarity to other sulfidic and non-sulfidic fish of the genus Poecilia. We also conducted phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to establish the phylogenetic relationships of P. thermalis and used a population genetic approach to determine levels of gene flow among Poecilia from sulfidic and non-sulfidic sites. Our results indicate that P. thermalis' body shape has evolved in convergence with other sulfide spring populations in the genus. Phylogenetic analyses placed P. thermalis as most closely related to one population of P. sulphuraria, and population genetic analyses demonstrated that P. thermalis is genetically isolated from both P. mexicana ecotypes and P. sulphuraria. Based on these findings, we make taxonomic recommendations for P. thermalis. Overall, our study verifies the role of hydrogen sulfide as a main factor shaping convergent, phenotypic evolution and the emergence of reproductive isolation between Poecilia populations residing in adjacent sulfidic and non-sulfidic environments.
FIGURES 8–9 in On two Jenynsia taxa (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from Argentina, originally placed in the poeciliid genus Xiphophorus
FIGURES 8–9. Parodontid paralectotype of Jenynsia obscura, MSNG 54298, approximately 18 mm SL. 8. Lateral view. 9. Premaxillary teeth.
FIGURES 5–7. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705 in On two Jenynsia taxa (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from Argentina, originally placed in the poeciliid genus Xiphophorus
FIGURES 5–7. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, line drawing of predorsal series of scales. 6. same specimen, dorsal view. 7. Jenynsia pygogramma, BMNH 1902-5-22-72-81 (4), 30 mm SL, dorsal view.
FIGURES 3–4. 3. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, 25.7 in On two Jenynsia taxa (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) from Argentina, originally placed in the poeciliid genus Xiphophorus
FIGURES 3–4. 3. Jenynsia obscura, lectotype MSNG 33705, 25.7 mm SL, lateral view. 4. Jenynsia pygogramma, BMNH 1902-5-22-72-81 (4), 30 mm SL, lateral view.
FIGURES 32–38 in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURES 32–38. Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. from Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel. 32. Light micrograph of the haptoral central hook complex showing the hamuli, the dorsal and the ventral bar (ventral view); 33. Light micrograph of the marginal hook; 34–35. Light micrographs of the marginal hook sickles; 36. Drawing of the central hook complex; 37. Drawing of the marginal hook sickle; 38. Drawing of the male copulatory organ (MCO). Scale bars: Figures 32, 33 and 36 = 5 µm; Figures 34, 35, 37 and 38 = 3 µm.
FIGURES 39–46 in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURES 39–46. Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. from Heterandria bimaculata Heckel. 39. Light micrograph of the haptoral central hook complex showing the hamuli, the dorsal and the ventral bar (ventral view); 40–41. Light micrographs of the marginal hooks; 42. Light micrograph of the marginal hook sickle; 43. Light micrographs of the male copulatory organ (MCO); 44. Drawing of the central hook complex; 45. Drawing of the marginal hook sickle; 46. Drawing of the MCO. Scale bars: Figures 39–41 and 44 = 5 µm; Figures 42, 43, 45 and 46 = 3 µm.
FIGURE 31 in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURE 31. Principal components analysis plot (Factor1 vs Factor2) of Gyrodactylus bullatarudis Turnbull, 1956, Gyrodactylus cytophagus Paperna, 1968, Gyrodactylus poeciliae Harris & Cable, 2000, Gyrodactylys rasini Lucký, 1973 and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (13 ln-transformed variables; n = 29 specimens). The specimens of G. xalapensis sp. nov. (ellipse 1) are clearly separated from G. rasini (ellipse 2). Separation of the specimens is effected by the several hamulus variables acting along Factor1 (total length (HTL), shaft length (HSL), point length (HPL), aperture distance (HA), distal shaft width (HDSW) and the proximal shaft width (HPSW)) and by point curve angle of the hamulus (CosHPCA), the total length (MHTL) and shaft length (MHSL) of the marginal hook acting through Factor2. Plot codes: a. G. bullatarudis from Poecilia mexicana Steindachner; b. G. bullatarudis from Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel; d. G. xalapensis sp. nov. from Heterandria bimaculata Heckel; e. G. bullatarudis paratype from Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes; j. G. poeciliae from Poecilia caucana (Steindachner); l. G. cytophagus from Aplocheilichthys pumilus (Boulenger); m. G. rasini from X. hellerii.
FIGURE 30 in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURE 30. Principal Components Analysis plot (Factor1 vs Factor2) of the 13 point-to-point measurements made on 45 gyrodactylids collected from a range of poeciliid hosts. Separation of the specimens is principally influenced by the hamulus total length (HTL), shaft length (HSL), point length (HPL) and aperture distance (HA) acting along Factor1 in a negative direction, and the inner (CosIHAA) and outer (CosHAA) hamulus angles acting along Factor1 in a positive direction. The total length (MHTL) and the shaft length (MHSL) of the marginal hook are key variables in the separation of specimens along Factor2. The raw ellipses highlight the specimens of Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. from Heterandria bimaculata Heckel (1), and Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. from Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel (2). Plot codes: a. Gyrodactylus bullatarudis Turnbull, 1956 from Poecilia mexicana Steindachner; b. G. bullatarudis from X. hellerii; c. G. j a ro c h o sp. nov. from X. hellerii; d. G. xalapensis from H. bimaculata; e. G. bullatarudis paratype from Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes; f. Gyrodactylus costaricensis Kritsky & Fritts, 1970 from P. sphenops; g. Gyrodactylus gambusiae Rogers & Wellborn, 1965 from Gambusia affinis Baird & Girard; h. Gyrodactylus pictae Cable, van Oosterhout, Barson & Harris, 2005 from Micropoecilia (=Poecilia) picta Regan; i. Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris, 1986 from Poecilia reticulata Peters; j. Gyrodactylus poeciliae Harris & Cable, 2000 from Poecilia caucana Steindachner; k. Gyrodactylus milleri Harris & Cable, 2000 from P. caucana; l. Gyrodactylus cytophagus Paperna, 1968 from Aplocheilichthys pumilus Boulenger; m. Gyrodactylus rasini Lucký, 1973 from X. hellerii.
FIGURES 1–14. A in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURES 1–14. A size invariant comparison of the marginal hook sickles of two new species of Gyrodactylus with the nine species previously recorded infecting poeciliids. 1. Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov.; 2. Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov.; 3. Gyrodactylus bullatarudis Turnbull, 1956 (re-examination); 4. Overlay of G. bullatarudis with G. j a ro c h o sp. nov. (broken line); 5. Overlay of G. bullatarudis with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 6. Gyrodactylus costaricensis Kritsky & Fritts, 1970 (re–examination); 7. Overlay of G. costaricensis with G. j a ro c h o sp. nov. (broken line); 8. Overlay of G. costaricensis with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 9. Gyrodactylus cytophagus Paperna, 1968 (reexamination); 10. Overlay of G. cytophagus with G. ja ro c ho sp. nov. (broken line); 11. Overlay of G. cytophagus with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 12. Gyrodactylus gambusiae Rogers & Wellborn, 1965 (re-examination); 13. Overlay of G. gambusiae with G. j a ro c h o sp. nov. (broken line); 14. Overlay of G. gambusiae with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line). Scale bars = 3 µm.
FIGURES 47–52 in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURES 47–52. Light photographs and drawings of Gyrodactylus milleri Harris & Cable, 2000 (holotype), showing the three different sizes and morphologies of the marginal hook sickles. 47, 50. Small marginal hook sickle; 48, 51. Medium sized marginal hook sickle; 49, 52. Large marginal hook sickle. Scale bar = 3 µm.
FIGURES 15–29. A in Gyrodactylus jarocho sp. nov. and Gyrodactylus xalapensis sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Monogenea) from Mexican poeciliids (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes), with comments on the known gyrodactylid fauna infecting poeciliid fish
FIGURES 15–29. A size invariant comparison of the marginal hook sickles of two new species of Gyrodactylus with the nine species previously recorded infecting poeciliids. 15. Gyrodactylus milleri Harris & Cable, 2000 (re-examination of the small, common form of marginal hook); 16. Overlay of G. milleri with G. j aroc h o sp. nov. (broken line); 17. Overlay of G. milleri with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 18. Gyrodactylus pictae Cable, van Oosterhout, Barson & Harris, 2005 (re-examination); 19. Overlay of G. pictae with G. ja ro c ho sp. nov. (broken line); 20. Overlay of G. pictae with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 21. Gyrodactylus poeciliae Harris & Cable, 2000 (re-examination); 22. Overlay of G. poeciliae with G. jaroc h o sp. nov. (broken line); 23. Overlay of G. poeciliae with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 24. Gyrodactylus rasini Lucký, 1973 (re-examination); 25. Overlay of G. r a s i n i with G. j a ro c ho sp. nov. (broken line); 26. Overlay of G. rasini with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line); 27. Scanning electron micrograph of Gyrodactylus turnbulli Harris, 1986 from Andrew P. Shinn's collection (re-examination); 28. Overlay of G. turnbulli with G. j a ro c ho sp. nov. (broken line); 29. Overlay of G. turnbulli with G. xalapensis sp. nov. (broken line). Scale bars = 3 µm.
FIGURE 2. A in Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, a new poeciliid species (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
FIGURE 2. A. Osteology of the gonopodium of Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa sp. n., scale bar: 1 mm; B. detail of gonopodium tip. Gonopodium palp represented by long, contiguous lines over osteological structures, scale bar: 0.25 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, a new poeciliid species (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Ventral view of pelvic fins, urogenital region and anterior portion of anal fin of Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, MZUSP 83547, 23.9 mm SL, female. Anterior to left. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, a new poeciliid species (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa sp. n.: top, holotype, MZUSP 121698, 16.9 mm SL, male, Brazil, Tocantins, Dianópolis, rio Palmeiras; bottom, MZUSP 83547, 23.9 mm SL, female, same locality as holotype.
FIGURES 6–10. Gyrodactylus breviradix n in Two new species of Gyrodactylus von Nordmann, 1832 (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) parasitizing introduced poeciliids in Patagonia
FIGURES 6–10. Gyrodactylus breviradix n. sp. 6. Whole specimen. 7. Haptor. 8. Marginal hook. 9. Male copulatory organs. 10. Anchor.
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