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CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2021: Impacts of Water Diversions in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. Water diversions that support agricultural and municipal use result in fish mortality through entrainment and impingement. Additionally, this infrastructure may attract both predators and prey fishes, thereby increasing predation rates and prey mortality near these anthropogenic contact points. Throughout the spring of 2021, we used ARIS (adaptive resolution imaging sonar; Sound Metrics) sonars to compare piscivore abundance at 30 small water diversions in the north Delta to adjacent shorelines. We used predation event recorders (PERs) to assess the predation risk of juvenile salmonids with linear distance (m) from diversions and other predation drivers in the north Delta. Finally, we used a boat electrofishing survey to determine the piscivore community structure and compare spatial trends in black bass (Micropterus spp.) CPUE and relative abundance throughout these waterways. Piscivore abundance was greater near small water diversions than at adjacent shorelines and the predation risk of juvenile salmonids increased with proximity to diversions. Additionally, predation risk increased with increasing piscivore abundance and decreasing water depth. The north Delta predator community was dominated by black b
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2019: Impacts of Artificial Light At Night in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. A recent Literature review and meta-analysis of potential contact points in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta identified artificial lighting at night (ALAN) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) as two contact points that have been found to influence predation elsewhere and warrant further study in this river delta (Lehman et al. 2019). Other contact points identified in this review that may affect predation of fall-run Chinook salmon juveniles included water diversions, docks, piers, scour holes, and rip rap; however, the literature on predator prey interactions associated with these contact points is lacking (Lehman et al. 2019). These datasets cover two different experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during spring 2019 from April - June. One experiment focused on artificial illumination and was a paired control impact study where new artificial illumination sources were introduced into the ecosystem. The other experiment relied on existing physical contact points (SAV, docks, pilings, bridges, and diversions) and assessed predation risk as a function of proximity to these points. Both experiments used predation event recorders to quantify relative predation risk and the ALAN experiment used Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS) t
Decomposition of soil and permafrost organic matter eroding into the Beaufort Sea near Drew Point, Alaska
Arctic coastal erosion mobilizes large quantities of permafrost organic matter to the Arctic Ocean, where it may be decomposed, releasing carbon dioxide. To quantify the biodegradability of this eroding material, we designed an aerobic bottle incubation experiment to measure CO2 production from coastal soils/sediments submerged in seawater. Seasonally thawed active layer soils and permafrost were sampled near Drew Point along the Alaska Beaufort Sea coast. Cores were taken from three surface geomorphic classifications common in this area: primary surface that has not been reworked by thaw-lake cycles, a young drained lake basin, and an ancient drained lake basin. Core subsamples were chosen to represent three distinct horizons present in eroding bluffs at Drew Point: seasonally thawed active layer soils near the tundra surface, Holocene-age terrestrial soils and/or lake sediments, and late-Pleistocene age relict marine sediments. Soil/sediment subsamples were mixed with Beaufort Sea surface water and incubated in triplicate at 4C and 16C for 40 days. In addition, a subset of soil/sediment samples were incubated with and without seawater at 16C for 40 days. The data reported here summarizes the results of the incubation experiment for each soil sample: cumulative CO2-C production over 40 days normalized to dry weight and to organic carbon content (OC), average rate of CO2 production normalized to dry weight and to TOC, and the percent of OC remineralized over 40 days.
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity in central Arizona-Phoenix, ongoing since 2000
### project overview Over the past half-century, the greater Phoenix metropolitan area (GPMA) has been one of the fastest growing regions in the US, experiencing rapid urban expansion in addition to urban intensification. This backdrop provides an ideal setting to monitor biodiversity changes in response to urbanization, and the CAP LTER has been using a standardized point-count protocol to monitor the bird community in the GPMA and surrounding Sonoran desert region since 2000. The bird survey locations in this CAP LTER core monitoring program include six general site groupings: 1. ESCA. Forty bird survey locations were selected from a subset of the CAP LTER's Ecological Survey of Central Arizona (ESCA; formerly named Survey200) long-term monitoring sites. ESCA sites were located using a tessellation-stratified dual-density sampling design, and, as such, span a diversity of habitats including urban, suburban, rural, commercial areas, parks, agricultural fields, and native Sonoran desert. Earlier versions of this data package included data from the ESCA project that was intended to complement the bird data. However, while positioned in close proximity, the bird survey locations do not necessarily overlap with the 30m x 30m plot that constitutes an ESCA sampling location, and leveraging data from these two monitoring programs should be addressed carefully. ESCA data have corresponding survey location names, and those data are available through the CAP LTER and LTER network data portals. At the conclusion of the 2016 spring survey, fifteen of the ESCA-correlated sites were discontinued as the core monitoring program refocused its efforts on desert parks and PASS neighborhoods. Among the deleted locations were all agricultural and commercial sites, as well as sites where access had become restrictive. 2. North Desert Village (NDV). Additional bird survey locations were positioned in treatment areas of the North Desert Village (NDV). This was a site of intense study on t
Thresholds and Tipping Points in a Sarracenia Microecosystem at Harvard Forest 2012-2013
The primary goal of this project is to determine experimentally the amount of lead time required to prevent a state change. To achieve this goal, we will (1) experimentally induce state changes in a natural aquatic ecosystem - the Sarracenia microecosystem; (2) use proteomic analysis to identify potential indicators of states and state changes; and (3) test whether we can forestall state changes by experimentally intervening in the system. This work uses state-of-the art molecular tools to identify early warning indicators in the field of aerobic to anaerobic state changes driven by nutrient enrichment in an aquatic ecosystem. The study tests two general hypotheses: (1) proteomic biomarkers can function as reliable indicators of impending state changes and may give early warning before increasing variances and statistical flickering of monitored variables; and (2) well-timed intervention based on proteomic biomarkers can avert future state changes in ecological systems.
WSC - Gridded sample points at Wibu field site including yield, soil texture, water table depth, and estimated soil water retention parameters
A variety of data from gridded sampling points at the Wibu field site. The gridded sampling scheme is described in the Point Locations dataset. This dataset includes 2012 and 2013 absolute and normalized yield, soil textural characteristics (organic content, porosity, bulk density, particle size metrics, % sand/silt/clay), a variety of water table depth metrics (mean, percentiles, sum exceedance values, moving averages), and soil water retention parameters estimated using the Rosetta pedotransfer function. It was collected as part of a study of the impacts of water table depth, soil texture, and growing season weather conditions on corn production at the Wibu field site, described in Zipper et al. (in review). The Wibu field site is a commercial agricultural field, which grew corn in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 growing seasons. See Zipper and Loheide (2014) Ag. For. Met. for more information about the field site.
WSC - Water surface elevation (WSE) and water table depth (WTD) from 14 points at the Wibu field site, 2012-2013 growing seasons
Observation wells were installed for the purpose of continuously monitoring the water table level during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons at the Wibu field site. These data were then used to study the yield response of corn to water table depth, soil texture, and growing season weather conditions (Zipper et al., in prep). The Wibu field site is a commercial agricultural field, which grew corn in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 growing seasons. See Zipper and Loheide (2014) Ag. For. Met. for more information about the field site. The 2012 growing season was characterized by severe drought, and the water table fell below the bottom of most wells in late June/early July.
WSC - Leaf area index (LAI) at various points within Wibu field site, 2012-2014
Leaf area index (LAI) measurements collected at various points within the Wibu field site between 2012-2014. Measurements were collected approximately weekly from plant emergence until appr. 1 month past the onset of senescence. The Wibu field site is a commercial agricultural field, which grew corn in the 2012, 2013, and 2014 growing seasons; therefore, these are all LAI values for corn. See Zipper and Loheide (2014) Ag. For. Met. for more information about the field site and use of the LAI data.
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2022: The impact of submerged aquatic vegetation removal on fish predation in a tidal river channel
Proliferation of non-native submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has the potential to cause widespread ecosystem changes, and has been attributed to declines in native fish populations around the world. One pathway for these declines is non-native SAV may render ecosystems more hospitable to fish predator species by creating habitat structure, by altering lower trophic food webs, or by affecting predator-prey interactions. It is presumed that non-native vegetation removal will generally favor native fish, however, fish community responses to SAV removals are not well understood. Using a field-based Before-After-Control-Impact study design, we measured the impact of manual SAV removals on short-term changes in predator abundance, predation risk on juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; a native fish of management concern), and the aerobic scope of predator and prey in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. We found that, while SAV removals decreased abundances of the most common SAV-associated predator, largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), they resulted in higher predation risk of tethered prey, likely due to the removal of refuge habitat and the immigration of an open-water predator, striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ). SAV removals also buffered against a seasonal decline in environmental oxygen supply, increasing the aerobic scope of juvenile Chinook salmon and largemouth bass; whether such gains for prey would outweigh the persistent aerobic advantage of predators is an open question. While limited in spatial and temporal scope, this study has put into question any short-term benefits of small-scale SAV removal efforts for native fish populations, especially in areas where open-water predator species are abundant.
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013 (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/641/6. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Moss point transect data for the Kuparuk River near Toolik Field Station, Alaska 1993-current. (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-arc/10317/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This file contains the consolidated data for percent cover of dominant bryophytes and other easily identifiable macro-algae in the experimental reaches of the Kuparuk River beginning in 1993 and updated annually. In some years percent cover was recorded more than one time per season. In all years percent cover was recorded in riffle habitats and in some (early) years percent cover was recorded for pool habitats. Moss point transects have been done on the Kuparuk since 1993. The Arctic is one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. Responses to this warming involve acceleration of processes common to other ecosystems around the world (e.g., shifts in plant community composition) and changes to processes unique to the Arctic (e.g., carbon loss from permafrost thaw). The objectives of the Arctic Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Project for 2017-2023 are to use the concepts of biogeochemical and community “openness” and “connectivity” to understand the responses of arctic terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems to climate change and disturbance. These objectives will be met through continued long-term monitoring of changes in undisturbed terrestrial, stream, and lake ecosystems in the vicinity of Toolik Lake, Alaska, observations of the recovery of these ecosystems from natural and imposed disturbances, maintenance of existing long-term experiments, and initiation of new experimental manipulations. Based on these data, carbon and nutrient budgets and indices of species composition will be compiled for each component of the arctic landscape to compare the biogeochemistry an
Point-count bird censusing: long-term monitoring of bird abundance and diversity along the Salt River in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area, ongoing since 2013 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/252/3, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-cap/641/6. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context:
Leaf Area Index every 15 cm of 1m x 1m chamber flux and point frame plots and sites where dataloggers monitored photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) above, within and below Salix pulchra and Betula nana canopies during the growing season at the Toolik Field Station in AK, Summer 2012.
Leaf area index (LAI) measurements were taken with the Delta-T SunScan wand every 15 cm from the ground to above the canopy under both direct and diffuse light. conditions The data includes all outputs from the SunScan wand: time of measurement, transmitted light, spread of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) sensors, beam fraction, and zenith angle. These measurements were taken for 1m x 1m chamber flux and point frame plots sampled in tall Salix pulchra and Betula nana shrub canopies as well as sites monitored remotely by PAR sensors situated above, within, and below tall shrub canopies at the Toolik Field Station in the summer of 2012.
Summary of three different Leaf Area Index (LAI) methodologies of 19 1m x 1m point frame plots sampled near the LTER Shrub plots at Toolik Field Station in AK the summer of 2012.
Summary of three methods used to estimate the Leaf Area Index (LAI) of 19 1m x 1m plots sampled with a point frame near the LTER Shrub plots at the Toolik Field Station in AK the summer of 2012. The methods used were: (1) exponential relationship between LAI and Normalized Leaf Index (NDVI) as measured above the canopy with a Unispec spectroradiometer; (2) Delta-T SunScan canopy analyzer held at 5 cm above the ground under both direct and diffuse light conditions; (3) pin-drop point frame technique. Where values have been averaged (such as for the NDVI and SunScan measurements), the standard deviation is given. Raw data are available upon request for the Unispec data; the raw SunScan data is available under the file "PF_SunScan_LAI".
Vegetation species abundance via point frame from Arctic LTER dry heath tundra, Toolik Field Station, Alaska, 2017
Vegetation (species) abundances were measured from LTER heath tundra herbivore exclosures using the point frame method. This file contains the number of pin hits per species for each subplot.
Composition and biodegradability of dissolved organic matter leached from eroding coastal soils and permafrost in seawater, from Drew Point, Alaska
Eroding permafrost coastlines export significant quantities of organic carbon (OC) to the marine environment, similar in magnitude to riverine particulate OC fluxes to the Arctic Ocean. Moreover, erosion rates are predicted to increase due to warming temperatures, declines in sea ice, and increasing waves. While erosion primarily mobilizes organic matter in the particulate form, this material can be leached to dissolved organic matter (DOM). This DOM may be incorporated by microbial communities and fuel marine food webs or decomposed to form greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Many studies show that permafrost-derived organic matter can be rapidly decomposed in soils and freshwater, but few studies examine the fate of permafrost organic matter in seawater. To address this knowledge gap, we designed a laboratory experiment to leach coastal soils and permafrost in seawater and examine the composition and biodegradability of leached DOM. Coastal soil/sediment was cored near Drew Point, Alaska in 2019, representing three horizons found within rapidly eroding permafrost bluffs: seasonally thawed active layer soils, Holocene terrestrial soils and/or lacustrine sediments, and late-Pleistocene relict marine sediments. To measure dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching yields, we placed soil/sediments in Beaufort Sea seawater for 24 hours before filtering to remove particulates. To measure biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC), we conducted an aerobic incubation experiment following the methods suggested by Vonk et al. (2015). Briefly, leachates were incubated at approximately room temperature for 26 and 90 days to measure DOC loss due to remineralization and/or incorporation into microbial biomass. Additionally, we used chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) measurements and ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) to examine the initial leachate DOM composition. References: Vonk, J. E., Tank, S. E., Mann, P. J., Spencer, R. G. M., Tre
Bonanza Creek LTER: Point Bar Vegetation Survey of Bonanza Creek LTER Research Plots (2007-Present)
Beginning in 2007 ocular vegetation estimates were replaced by the point bar system. The point bar is meant to be a more objective way of carrying out annual vegetation surveys. In particular because you are placing the point bar in the same location every time a site is visited, a better understanding of vegetation change over time is possible. This method replaces the old system of estimating percent cover visually (<a href="https://www.lter.uaf.edu/data/data-detail/id/174"> Vegetation Plots of the Bonanza Creek LTER Control Plots: Species Percent Cover (1975 - 2009) </a>), which is often subject to personal bias and small shifts in species composition are often overlooked. Data from both methods were collected during the 2007, 2008, and 2009 field seasons, and regression analysis shows unique and statistically significant relationships between the two methods depending on growth form. At each site, growth forms were evaluated separately, and at each site there is a specific regression model for each growth form. In this way a user can correlate the two methods and data collected before 2007 can be compared to data collected after the new protocol was established.
PIE LTER surveys of salt marsh breeding birds using point counts in Rowley and Newbury, Massachusetts
This data set contains the results of point count surveys of breeding birds in the salt marshes of the Plum Island Estuary. Surveys have been carried out each year in June beginning in 2004 and are ongoing. Currently six circles of 100 m radius are being surveyed. Three of the circles are in plots that had been regularly hayed and three in unhayed plots. Currently only one of the plots is regularly hayed. 85 species recorded as of 2020. Most frequently encountered are Agelaius phoeniceus, Ammospiza caudacuta, Tringa semipalmata.
Flux Tower Data for Fowling Point Marsh at the Virginia Coast Reserve 2007-2008
This dataset contains measurements of CO2 and H2O concentrations, temperature and wind speed made every 1/10th of a second. Important note: due to the high frequency of measurements, this dataset is very large (>25 GB) and may take a long time to download. For this reason the main vcrflux_cpole.csv file is provided as well in compressed (.gz and .zip) forms which are only about 6 GB. There are two additional files. Tide_PPT_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-per-minute data on tide level, temperature at different heights on the tower and precipitation. Wind_light_temp_2007_2008.csv contains 1-minute summaries of wind, light, and temperature. The research was conducted at the Virginia Coastal Reserve Long Term Ecological Research (VCR LTER) site on the Eastern Shore of Virginia, USA. The flux tower site (37deg 24'39.85"N, 75deg 50'0.53"W) a lagoonal salt marsh which is located near the area of Fowling point. The site is located at about 2.2 kilometers away from the mainland and 10.7 kilometers away from Hog Island, the nearest barrier island. The flux tower is situated at about 80 meters away from the creek edge, on the lagoonal salt marsh.
Wave and turbidity measurements, Fowling Point, Hog Island Bay, VA, Summer 2017
Time series of turbidity, water surface elevation, wave height and period, and water temperature were measured at sites along a bay-to-marsh transect along the east-facing margin of Fowling Point, Hog Island Bay, VA in summer 2017. The measurements were made to characterize suspended sediment concentrations in the water inundating Fowling Point marsh during high tides and storms, as a proxy for the availability of sediment for wetland accretion. The time series includes a spring-neap cycle and a wind-driven resuspension event. The measurements were made to support marsh depositional modeling being carried out as part of an NSF-sponsored Coastal SEES research project.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.