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24 results for “pollen deposition”
Data from: Climatic conditions and landscape diversity predict plant-bee interactions and pollen deposition in bee-pollinated plants.
<p>Climate change, landscape homogenization and the decline of beneficial insects threaten pollination services to wild plants and crops. Understanding how pollination potential (i.e. the capacity of ecosystems to support pollination of plants) is affected by climate change and landscape homogenization is fundamental for our ability to predict how such anthropogenic stressors affect plant biodiversity. Models of pollinator potential are improved when based on pairwise plant-pollinator interactions and pollinator´s plant preferences. However, whether the sum of predicted pairwise interactions with a plant within a habitat (a proxy for pollination potential) relates to pollen deposition on flowering plants has not yet been investigated. We sampled plant-bee interactions in 68 Scandinavian plant communities in landscapes of varying land-cover heterogeneity along a latitudinal temperature gradient of 4–8 C°, and estimated pollen deposition as the number of pollen grains on flowers of the bee-pollinated plants <em>Lotus corniculatus</em>, and <em>Vicia cracca</em>. We show that plant-bee interactions, and the pollination potential for these bee-pollinated plants increase with landscape diversity, annual mean temperature, plant abundance, and decrease with distances to sand-dominated soils. Furthermore, the pollen deposition in flowers increased with the predicted pollination potential, which was driven by landscape diversity and plant abundance. Our study illustrates that the pollination potential, and thus pollen deposition, for wild plants can be mapped based on spatial models of plant-bee interactions that incorporate pollinator-specific plant preferences. Maps of pollination potential can be used to guide conservation and restoration planning.</p>
Data and code for "Pollen wars: Explosive pollination removes pollen deposited from previously visited flowers
<p>This data consist of 02 data files, 01 code script, and this README document, with the following data and code filenames and variables</p> <p>Data files and variables<br>1. [red flower experiment.csv] [Date: the date the data was taken; Flower number: the flower identity; labelled Pollen count on beak: number of pollen grains placed on hummingbird’s bill; Total unlabelled pollen grains on beak: number of unlabelled pollen grains on the hummingbird’s bill after visit; labelled pollen on flower keel: number of pollen grains on flower keel after visit; labelled pollen on petals: number of labelled pollen on petals after visit; labelled pollen on flower hairs: number of labelled pollen on flower hairs after visit; Before or After treatment: whether the pollen grains were counted before or after floral visit; Treatment: whether the visit was done on triggered or untriggered flower; Beak Photo number: photo identity of the bill; Keel photo number: photo identity for the keel (none was taken); hair photo number: photo identity for the floral hairs (none was taken); comment: any observation on the experiment; Labelled grains transferred to stigma: number of labelled pollen grains on the stigma after explosion (only one data point); unlabelled grains transferred to stigma: number of unlabelled pollen grains on the stigma after explosion (only one data point)].</p> <p>2. 2. [explosion_data.csv] [Flower number: the flower identity; Before count: number of pollen grains before floral explosion; After Count: number of pollen grains after explosion; Before Minus after: the subtraction of the last two values; % pollen removed: percentage of pollen grains removed by the explosion; Proportion pollen removed: proportion of pollen grains removed by the explosion; % removed (arcsin root transformed): arcsin root transformation for the last values; Total unlabelled pollen grains on beak: total number of pollen grains counted on hummingbird’s bill; % removed (arcsin root transformed): arcsin root transformation for the percentage of pollen removed].<br> <br>Code scripts and workflow<br>[script_analysis_Hypenea.R: code for data analysis]<br>1. libraries used on the analysis;<br>2. data loading and processing for explosion analysis;<br>3. modelling; checking model adjustment; anova table; estimation of marginal means; getting predicted values by the model.<br>4. plotting figure;<br>5. data loading and processing for pollen removal;<br>6. modelling; checking model adjustment; anova table; getting predicted values by the model.<br>7. plotting figure; </p> <p>SOFTWARE VERSIONS</p> <p>All the statistical analyses were run in R environment version 4.3.1 (R Development Core Team, 2023) using the default and the following packages: glmmTMB (Brooks et al., 2017), emmeans (Russell, 2022) and car (Fox & Weisberg, 2019). Residual dispersion around the fitted models was checked using Dharma package (Hartig, 2022).</p> <p><br>REFERENCES<br>Brooks, M. E., Kristensen, K., van Benthem, K. J., Magnusson, A., Berg, C. W., Nielsen, A., Skaug, H. J., Mächler, M., and Bolker, B. M. 2017. glmmTMB Balances Speed and Flexibility Among Packages for Zero-inflated Generalized Linear Mixed Modeling. The R Journal, 9(2), 378-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.32614/RJ-2017-066 </p> <p>Fox, J., and Weisberg, S. 2019. An {R} Companion to Applied Regression, Third Edition. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage. URL: https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/</p> <p>Hartig, F. 2022. DHARMa: residual diagnostics for hierarchical (multi-level/mixed) regression models. URL https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/DHARMa/vignettes/DHARMa.html </p> <p>R Development Core Team. 2023. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. URL https://www.r-project.org/ </p> <p>Russell, V. L. 2022. emmeans: Estimated Marginal Means, aka Least-Squares Means. R package version 1.7.4-1. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=emmeans</p>
Text-fig. 3. Schematic section through the Żyttawa (Zittau) Basin, on the Czech and Polish boundary; Hrádek n. Nisou and Turów parts of the basin. Explanation of the symbols. 1 – Overlying strata with the upper coal seam, 2 – middle and lower strata with the coal seam (Miocene), 3 – first sedimentary setting with basal coal seam (Miocene / Oligocene), 4 – alcalic volcanism (Tertiary), 5 – Upper Cretaceous deposits, 6 - underlying rocks of the basin. (Adapted after Václ 1967, Václ and Čadek, 1962, modified). in Some Monocot Pollen Taxa From The Lower Miocene Basal Coaly Deposits Of The Czech And Polish Parts Of The Żytawa (Zittau) Basin
Text-fig. 3. Schematic section through the Żyttawa (Zittau) Basin, on the Czech and Polish boundary; Hrádek n. Nisou and Turów parts of the basin. Explanation of the symbols. 1 – Overlying strata with the upper coal seam, 2 – middle and lower strata with the coal seam (Miocene), 3 – first sedimentary setting with basal coal seam (Miocene / Oligocene), 4 – alcalic volcanism (Tertiary), 5 – Upper Cretaceous deposits, 6 - underlying rocks of the basin. (Adapted after Václ 1967, Václ and Čadek, 1962, modified).
Text-fig. 1. Geographical position of the Zittau (Żyttava) Basin at the boundary between Poland and the Czech Republic (Bohemia). in Some Monocot Pollen Taxa From The Lower Miocene Basal Coaly Deposits Of The Czech And Polish Parts Of The Żytawa (Zittau) Basin
Text-fig. 1. Geographical position of the Zittau (Żyttava) Basin at the boundary between Poland and the Czech Republic (Bohemia).
Text-fig. 2. Sketch map of the Żytawa / Zittau Basin showing the Polish (Turów) and Czech (Hrádek) parts. Bogatynia (E of Rybarzowice) and Hrádek sites refer to the areas of the deepest depressions of the eastern and southern parts of the basin. in Some Monocot Pollen Taxa From The Lower Miocene Basal Coaly Deposits Of The Czech And Polish Parts Of The Żytawa (Zittau) Basin
Text-fig. 2. Sketch map of the Żytawa / Zittau Basin showing the Polish (Turów) and Czech (Hrádek) parts. Bogatynia (E of Rybarzowice) and Hrádek sites refer to the areas of the deepest depressions of the eastern and southern parts of the basin.
Data from: Climatic conditions and landscape diversity predict plant-bee interactions and pollen deposition in bee-pollinated plants.
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Figure 8. - Pollination and oviposition behavior of the Japanese Epicephala species. A Epicephalaanthophilia female actively depositing pollen on Glochidionacuminatum female flower B Epicephalaanthophilia ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionacuminatum flower C Epicephalabipollenella ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionzeylanicum flower D Epicephalalanceolatella ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionlanceolatum flower E Epicephalaperplexa ovipositing through lateral ovary wall of Glochidionlanceolatum flower F Epicephalaobovatella ovipositing through lateral ovary wall of Glochidionobovatum flower G Epicephalacorruptrix ovipositing through ovary wall of Glochidionrubrum flower H Epicephalavitisidaea ovipositing in the interspace between ovary and tepal I Epicephalaparasitica ovipositing in young fruit of Phyllanthuslepidocarpus.
Figure 8. - Pollination and oviposition behavior of the Japanese Epicephala species. A Epicephalaanthophilia female actively depositing pollen on Glochidionacuminatum female flower B Epicephalaanthophilia ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionacuminatum flower C Epicephalabipollenella ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionzeylanicum flower D Epicephalalanceolatella ovipositing through stylar pit of Glochidionlanceolatum flower E Epicephalaperplexa ovipositing through lateral ovary wall of Glochidionlanceolatum flower F Epicephalaobovatella ovipositing through lateral ovary wall of Glochidionobovatum flower G Epicephalacorruptrix ovipositing through ovary wall of Glochidionrubrum flower H Epicephalavitisidaea ovipositing in the interspace between ovary and tepal I Epicephalaparasitica ovipositing in young fruit of Phyllanthuslepidocarpus.
Bee species differ in pollen deposition curves with consequences for gene flow
<p><em>Premise of the study </em></p> <p>Pollinator foraging behavior can influence pollen dispersal and gene flow. In many plant species a pollinator trips a flower by applying pressure to release its sexual organs. We propose that differences in tripping rate among grooming pollinators could generate distinct pollen deposition curves, the pattern of pollen deposition over successive flowers visited. This study compares the pollen deposition curves of two grooming pollinators, a social bumble bee and a solitary leafcutting bee,<i> </i>with distinct tripping rates on <i>Medicago sativa</i> flowers. We predict a steeper deposition curve for pollen moved by leafcutting bees, the pollinator with the higher tripping rate.</p> <p><em>Methods</em> </p> <p><i>Medicago sativa</i> plants carrying a gene (GUS) whose product is easily detected by staining, were used as pollen donors. After visiting the GUS plants, a bee was released on a linear array of conventional <i>M. sativa</i> plants. The number of GUS pollen grains deposited over successive flowers visited or over cumulative distances were examined. Distinct mixed effect Poisson regression models, illustrating different rates of decay in pollen deposition, were fitted to the pollen data for each bee species.</p> <p><em>Key Results </em></p> <p>Pollen decay was steeper for leafcutting bees relative to bumble bees for both models of flowers visited and cumulative distance, as predicted by their higher tripping rate.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>This is the first report of a difference in pollen deposition curves between two bee species, both grooming pollinators. Such differences could lead to distinct impacts of bee species on gene flow, genetic differentiation, introgression, and ultimately speciation.</p>
Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird-pollinated plant community
<p>Heterospecific pollen deposition (HPD) is ubiquitous across plant communities, especially for generalized species which use a diversity of pollinators, and may have negative effects on plant reproduction. However, it is unclear whether temporal changes in the co-flowering community result in changes in HPD patterns. Moreover, community-level studies are required to understand which factors influence HPD and how the reproduction of different species is affected. We investigated the temporal variation of HPD, its relationship with level of specialization on pollinators and floral phenotypic specialization, and its association with reproductive success (pollen limitation and fruit set) in 31 hummingbird-pollinated plant species in a tropical Campo Rupestre. We found seasonality in HPD, with species flowering in the dry season having greater diversity of heterospecific pollen on stigmas and a higher frequency of stigmas containing heterospecific pollen, compared to the rainy season. Stigmas of ecologically generalized species had more heterospecific pollen, while the relationship for ecologically specialized species depended on floral phenotype. Surprisingly, and in contrast to theory, we found a positive relationship between HPD and reproductive success. Our results indicate benefits of generalization and facilitation, in which sharing pollinators brings greater reproductive success via increased conspecific pollen deposition, even if it incurs more HPD. We demonstrated how assessing HPD at a community-level can contribute to understanding the ecological causes and functional consequences of pollinator sharing.</p>
Seed and pollen deposition on Salvia przewalskii
<p><span>Generalized pollinators visit multiple co-flowering plant species and may transfer heterospecific pollen grains. Recent studies have indicated that the effect of heterospecific pollen (HP) on reproduction success is variable and depends on the identity of donor and recipient species. However, few studies have documented variation in HP receipt and evaluated the reproductive effects of HP receipt across geographic locations under natural conditions. We investigated the spatial variation of pollen deposition across eight sites and how the pollen receipt related to seed set of <em>Salvia przewalskii</em>, a subalpine perennial herb in Hengduan Mountain in southwest China. We found that stigmatic pollen loads substantially varied among sites for several metrics, including quantities of conspecific and heterospecific pollen, the proportion of HP, and species composition of HP donors. Five different plant families were the most common HP source at one or two sites, and the proportion of HP ranged from 3.4–51.3% across sites. The association of conspecific pollen with seed set was positive and variable among sites, whereas the association of HP receipt and seed set was negative and not significantly different among sites. Our results demonstrate variation in the quantity and fitness effect of pollen receipt across sites, which is a precondition for evolution of local adaptation. Further study of variation in patterns and effects of HP receipt for the same recipient species across natural communities would allow for better understanding of the ecological and evolutionary consequences of HP receipt.</span> </p>
Data: Single visit stigmatic pollen deposition by insect pollinators of Avocado (Persea americana) in New Zealand.
<p>A wide range of bee and non-bee insects visit the flowers of avocado (<em>Persea americana</em> Mill.) in New Zealand (Read et al., 2017). To determine whether any of these insects contribute to pollination, we assessed single visit stigmatic pollen deposition for 12 insect species. Orchards were located in the Bay of Plenty 37.4234° S, 176.7416° E (n=6) and Northland 35.4136° S, 173.9321° E (n=1) regions of New Zealand, and data was collected in 2013 and 2014. In total, data was collected from 312 flower visits. </p>
Bee species differ in pollen deposition curves with consequences for gene flow
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Heterospecific pollen deposition is positively associated with reproductive success in a diverse hummingbird-pollinated plant community
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Seed and pollen deposition on Salvia przewalskii
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Data from: Floral bagging differentially affects handling behaviors and single-visit pollen deposition by honey bees and native bees
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Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community
Interaction networks are widely used as tools to understand plant–pollinator communities, and to examine potential threats to plant diversity and food security if the ecosystem service provided by pollinating animals declines. However, most networks to date are based on recording visits to flowers, rather than recording clearly defined effective pollination events. Here we provide the first networks that explicitly incorporate measures of pollinator effectiveness (PE) from pollen deposition on stigmas per visit, and pollinator importance (PI) as the product of PE and visit frequency. These more informative networks, here produced for a low diversity heathland habitat, reveal that plant–pollinator interactions are more specialized than shown in most previous studies. At the studied site, the specialization index Embedded Image was lower for the visitation network than the PE network, which was in turn lower than Embedded Image for the PI network. Our study shows that collecting PE data is feasible for community-level studies in low diversity communities and that including information about PE can change the structure of interaction networks. This could have important consequences for our understanding of threats to pollination systems.
Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition in the Natural Environment on Pollen Allergy in Belgium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06714149. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
The impact of a native dominant plant, Euphorbia jolkinii, on plant-flower visitor networks and pollen deposition on stigmas of co-flowering species in sub-alpine meadows of Shangri-La, SW China
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Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community
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Data from: The impact of individual inaccuracy of reciprocal herkogamy on legitimate pollen deposition and seed set in a distylous self-incompatible herb
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