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59 results for “pollen limitation”
Data for: Effective population size mediates the impact of pollination services on pollen limitation
<p>Inadequate pollen receipt limits flowering plant reproduction worldwide. Ecological causes of pollen limitation ('PL'), like pollinator scarcity and low plant abundance, have been a primary focus of research. The genetic diversity of plant populations could impact both quantity and quality components of PL in concert with ecological factors, yet empirical examples are lacking. We evaluated joint effects of ecological factors (flower abundance, pollinator visitation) and genetic effective population size (N<sub>E</sub>) on PL across 13 populations of a common herb. We used a histological approach with 5504 styles from 1137 flowers to separate quantity and quality components of PL, and link these to reproductive output. N<sub>E</sub> and pollinator visitation interacted to shape PL, but N<sub>E</sub> had stronger direct effects. Effectively smaller populations experienced stronger quantity PL, and controlled crosses in a pollinator-free environment revealed that pollen quantity was an intrinsic population-level attribute that increased with N<sub>E</sub>. Pollinator visitation enhanced pollen quality, but only in effectively larger populations. Quantity and quality PL negatively impacted fruit and seed set, respectively.<em> </em>Results highlight that PL is dictated by plant population genetic diversity in addition to commonly evaluated ecological factors.<strong> </strong>Efforts to support pollinators will only enhance plant reproduction in genetically diverse plant populations.</p>
Support for Baker's law: facultative self-fertilization ability decreases pollen limitation in experimental colonization
<p><strong>Support for Baker’s law: facultative self-fertilization ability decreases pollen limitation in experimental colonization (datasets for paper in the American Journal of Botany)<br></strong></p> <p>There are 2 files associated with this manuscript. The “PLseedsetindividual.csv” file contains seed set for the pollen limitation treatments for each plant in the experimental populations. Pollinator observation data is available in the “pollinator.csv” file</p> <p><br><strong>Description of the data and file structure:</strong></p> <p><strong>PLseedsetindividual.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li>source.population = one of the four source populations used to create our experimental populations</li> <li>autonomy= autonomous selfing category, high or low</li> <li>individual = plant id</li> <li>experimental.population = the id of the experimental population </li> <li>site = site ID</li> <li>size = size of experimental population, single or small</li> <li>date initiated = date experimental population was put in the field</li> <li>dayfromstartofexperiment = derived from date, the time from the start of the experiment that the experimental population was initiated</li> <li>treatment = the pollination treatment for that flower, control or supplemented</li> <li>seed number = seed set for the treated flower</li> </ul> <p><br><strong>Pollinator.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li>experimental.population = the id of the experimental population </li> <li>site = site ID</li> <li>start.date = day experimental population was initiated</li> <li>end.date = day the experimental popuation was taken out of the field</li> <li>source population = one of the four source populations used to create our experimental populations</li> <li>autonomy= autonomous selfing category, high or low</li> <li>size = size of experimental population, single or small</li> <li>number of plants = number of plants in the experimental population </li> <li>flowers day x (1–4) = number of flowers on day 1</li> <li>males day x (1-4) = number of flowers on day X</li> <li>day.<em>x</em>.poll.date = date of day 1 or day 2 pollinator observation </li> <li>day.<em>x</em>.poll.time = time of day 1 or day 2 pollinator observation </li> <li>bb.day.<em>x</em>, mb.day.x,, sb.day.x., = bumblebee, medium bee, small bee visits on day 1 or day 2</li> <li>total.poll.visits = The total number of pollinator visits across day 1 and day 2</li> <li>visits.per.flower = the number of flowers was averaged across day 1 and day 2. The total number of visits were then divided by the average flower number.</li> </ul>
Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation
<p class="western"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>This dataset contains data from a common garden experiment described in the paper: "</span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>Mráz P</span><span><span>, Mrázová V. </span></span></span><span><span><span>2021. </span></span></span><span><span><span>Greater</span></span></span><span><span><span> reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation. </span></span></span><i><span><span>Journal of Evolutionary Ecology</span></span></i> </span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span>". </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>We compared the level and stability of reproductive assurance between sexual self-incompatible and asexual autonomously apomictic plants of <i>Hieracium alpinum</i> (Asteraceae) cultivated in a sympatric low-density population with two levels of spatial clumping of sexual plants. </span></span></span><span><span><span>Overall, we found that the realized seed set (i.e. proportion of well developed seeds per capitulum) of asexuals was ca. 3-times greater than that of sexuals (83% <i>versus</i> 27%), while the variance of this trait expressed as coefficient of variation was ca. 4-times smaller in asexuals compared to sexuals (19% <i>versus </i><span>83%)</span>. Solitary sexual plants had more than 2-times lower realized seed set when compared to clumps composed of two spatially close (20-30 cm) sexual plants (13% <i>versus</i> 34%). </span></span></span><span><span><span>Our study provides experimental evidence for benefit of uniparental reproduction of asexuals in a sympatric situation when the availability of mates is limited. This, together with unpredictability of pollinator environment could provide autonomous apomicts with an ultimate demographic superiority during colonization reflected in geographical parthenogenesis observed in this species. </span></span></span></p>
Data for: Effective population size mediates the impact of pollination services on pollen limitation
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Data from: Heatwaves exacerbate pollen limitation through reductions in pollen production and pollen vigour
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Greater reproductive assurance of asexual plant compared to sexual relative in a low density sympatric population – experimental evidence for pollen limitation
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Data from: Pollen limitation in the endangered Chinese endemic species Sinocalycanthus chinensis
<p>Pollen limitation negatively impacts endangered and endemic plants with small fragmented populations, such as <i>S</i><i>inocalycanthus chinensis</i><i>, </i>an endangered plant endemic to China. In this study, we analyzed the pollen limitation of the <i>S. chinensis</i> Damingshan (DMS) population in 2006, 2009, and 2010, and crossed plants with mates separated by different distances, both within and between populations. The DMS population exhibited strong pollen limitation in fruit set, seed set, and seeds per fruit in 2006, 2009, and 2010. The average accumulated pollen limitation (for fruit set times seeds per fruit) was 0.510 ± 0.180. Progeny crossed with pollen from intermediate neighboring plants within the same population (separated by 30 – 50 m from pollen recipients) had the lowest fitness. No optimal outcrossing distance was found within the<i> </i>DMS population. Progeny from crosses with the SXW and DLS populations performed relatively better, while those from crosses with QLF and LXS populations performed worse. Compared with average reproductive success, outbreeding depression was found in progeny from crosses with the LXS and QLF populations. Reproductive success from pure self-pollination indicated <i>S. chinensis </i>is self-compatible. Geitonogamous selfing increased reproductive success. Based on geitonogamous selfing, the proportion of selfed offspring was relatively high. These results provide basic references for the conservation of this species.</p>
Data from: Pollen limitation and autonomous selfing ability interact to shape variation in outcrossing rate across a species range
Premise of the study: Hermaphroditic plants commonly reproduce through a mixture of selfing and outcrossing. The degree to which outcrossing rates reflect the availability of outcross pollen, genetic differentiation in the ability to autonomously self-fertilize, or both is often unclear. Despite the potential for autonomy and the pollination environment to jointly influence outcrossing, this interaction is rarely studied. Methods: We reviewed literature testing whether the pollination environment or floral traits causing autonomous selfing predict outcrossing rate variation among populations. We also measured outcrossing rates in 23 populations of Campanula americana and examined associations with the pollination environment, autonomy, and their interaction. Key Results: Our review revealed that traits facilitating selfing were often negatively associated with outcrossing rates while most aspects of the pollination environment poorly predicted outcrossing. Populations of C. americana varied from mixed mating to highly outcrossing but variation was unrelated to population size, density, pollen limitation, or autonomous selfing ability. Outcrossing rate was significantly influenced by an interaction between autonomous selfing ability and pollen limitation. In highly autonomous populations, elevated pollen limitation was associated with reduced outcrossing, while there was no relationship for less autonomous populations. Conclusions: Both the ability to self autonomously and pollen limitation interact to shape outcrossing rates in C. americana. This work suggests autonomy affords mating system flexibility, though it is not ubiquitous in all populations across the species range. Interactions between traits influencing autonomy and pollen limitation are likely to explain variation in outcrossing rates among populations of flowering plants.
Pollen limitation of native plant reproduction in an urban landscape
<p><strong>Premise</strong>: Evidence suggests that bees may benefit from moderate levels of human development. However, the effects of human development on pollination and reproduction of bee-pollinated plants are less well understood. Studies have measured natural variation in pollination and plant reproduction as a function of urbanization, but few have experimentally measured the magnitude of pollen limitation in urban versus non-urban sites. Doing so is important to unambiguously link changes in pollination to plant reproduction. Previous work in the Southeastern US found that urban sites supported twice the abundance of bees compared to non-urban sites. We tested the hypothesis that greater bee abundance in some of the same urban sites translates into reduced pollen limitation compared to non-urban sites.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We manipulated pollination to three native, wild-growing, bee-pollinated plants: <em>Gelsemium sempervirens</em>, <em>Oenothera fruticosa</em>, and <em>Campsis radicans</em>. Using supplemental pollinations, we tested for pollen limitation of three components of female reproduction in paired urban and non-urban sites. We also measured pollen receipt as a proxy for pollinator visitation.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We found that all three plant species were pollen-limited for some measures of female reproduction. However, opposite to our original hypothesis, two of the three species were more pollen-limited in urban relative to non-urban sites. We found that open-pollinated flowers in urban sites received less conspecific and more heterospecific pollen on average than those in non-urban sites.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These results suggest that even when urban sites have more abundant pollinators, this may not alleviate pollen limitation of native plant reproduction in urban landscapes.</p>
Data from: Can conflicting selection from pollinators and nectar-robbing antagonists drive adaptive pollen limitation? A conceptual model and empirical test
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Pollen limitation is widespread, despite predictions that it shouldn't be. We propose a novel mechanism generating pollen limitation: conflicting selection by pollinators and antagonists on pollinator attraction traits. We introduce a heuristic model demonstrating antagonist-induced adaptive pollen limitation, and present a field study illustrating its occurrence in a wild population. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>For antagonist-induced adaptive pollen limitation to occur, four criteria must be met: 1) correlated attraction of pollinators and antagonists, 2) greater response by antagonists than pollinators to altered investment in attraction traits, 3) reduced investment in pollinator attraction leading to pollen limitation, and 4) higher fitness for plants with reduced investment in pollinator attraction.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>We surveyed nectar robbery and reproductive output for 109 <i>Odontonema cuspidatum </i>(Acanthaceae) plants in a pollen-limited population<i> </i>over two years and used experimental floral arrays to evaluate how flower number affects pollination and nectar robbery. Both pollinators and nectar robbers preferred larger floral displays, and nectar robbery reduced reproductive output, suggesting conflicting selection. Survey and experimental data agreed closely on the optimum flower number under antagonist-induced pollen limitation; this number was substantially overrepresented in the population. While criteria for antagonist-induced adaptive pollen limitation are restrictive, the necessary conditions may often be realized. Considering interactions beyond the plant-pollinator dyad illuminates previously overlooked mechanisms generating pollen limitation. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Data for: Flowers that self-shade reduce heat stress and pollen limitation
<p>Premise: Plants are facing increased risk of heat stress with global climate change. Reproductive tissues are particularly sensitive which can result in lower plant fitness. Floral shading and closure are possible mechanisms to limit heat stress although most previous work on petal orientation has considered adaptations to raise temperatures. We hypothesized that floral shading could reduce temperature and increase reproductive success.</p> <p>Results: Individual flowers of all four species that shaded their pistils experienced temperatures 3 – 8 oC lower than those that remained open and unshaded. In our wiring experiment, unencumbered R. coulteri controls were 40% more likely to produce seeds than flowers that were either permanently open or closed. Without added pollen, control flowers produced 2x more seeds than flowers wired open and 8x more than those wired closed. However, pollen addition eliminated the effects of wiring and increased capsule weight and seed production. This suggests that pollen limitation was responsible for observed differences in the wiring treatments. Pollinators may prefer control flowers over those that were wired open or closed; petal shading may make flowers cooler and more attractive to pollinators.</p> <p>Conclusions: Petal shading may be a behavior that allows flowers to reduce heat stress and increases their chances of pollination and seed set.</p>
Pollen limitation and context-dependent alleviating mechanisms in a co-flowering alpine grassland community
<p>1. The consequences of community metrics (e.g., co-flowering diversity and floral density) and plant traits (e.g., pollinator dependency and trait similarity) on pollen limitation may depend on pollinator-mediated competitive or facilitative interactions among plants in co-flowering communities, which could vary with community contexts (i.e. different altitude communities) and under human disturbances (e.g., livestock grazing). However, the mechanisms to alleviate pollen limitation under the different contexts, considering pollinator-mediated interactions among neighbor plants are unclear.</p> <p>2. We investigated pollen limitation under grazing versus ungrazing conditions in low versus high altitude alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau to uncover the underlying mechanisms mediating pollen limitation associated with livestock grazing.</p> <p>3. Pollen limitation is prevalent in alpine grasslands, irrespective of community contexts. Grazing exclusion decreased pollen limitation in the two sites but in different ways. In the high-altitude site, pollen limitation was reduced by the exclusion of grazers through increased trait similarity (suggesting facilitation). While pollen limitation was reduced by decreased trait similarity (suggesting competition avoidance) under grazing exclusion in the low-altitude site.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and Applications: This study suggests that flower trait distribution patterns (i.e. trait similarity) influence pollen limitation through reducing competition in the low-altitude site or enhancing facilitation in the high-altitude site under grazing exclusion in alpine grasslands. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of pollen limitation in co-flowering alpine grassland communities under distinct human disturbances at different altitudes, emphasizing the role of pollinator-mediated interactions among plants on plant reproductive success.</p>
Pollen limitation of Vaccinium myrtillus along an elevational gradient
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Pollen limitation of native plant reproduction in an urban landscape
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Data from: Linking pollinator efficiency to patterns of pollen limitation: small bees exploit the plant-pollinator mutualism
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Variation in pollen limitation among reproductive modules points to likely resource reallocation in the alpine plant <em>Veratrum grandiflorum</em>
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Data for: Flowers that self-shade reduce heat stress and pollen limitation
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Data from: Pre-dispersal seed predation and pollen limitation constrain population growth across the geographic distribution of Astragalus utahensis
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Data from: Pollen limitation and autonomous selfing ability interact to shape variation in outcrossing rate across a species range
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Data from: Pollen limitation in the endangered Chinese endemic species Sinocalycanthus chinensis
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