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7 results for “pollen specialization”
Fig. 2 in A specialized pollen-harvesting device in European bees of the genus Tetraloniella (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)
Fig. 2: Specialized pilosity on abdominal sternite 3 of Tetraloniella alticincta with pollen grains of Asteroideae. Foto: Christof EICHENBERGER.
Fig. 1 in A specialized pollen-harvesting device in European bees of the genus Tetraloniella (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Eucerini)
Fig. 1: Female of Tetraloniella alticincta on Pulicaria dysenterica. Foto: Hugues MOURET.
Data from: Pollen specialization is associated with later phenology in Osmia mason bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
<p>1. Species exhibit a range of specialisation in diet and other niche axes, with specialists typically thought to be more efficient in resource use but more vulnerable to extinction than generalists. Among herbivorous insects, dietary specialists seem more likely to lack acceptable host plants during the insect's feeding stage, owing to fluctuations in host-plant abundance or phenology. Like other herbivores, bee species vary in host breadth from pollen specialisation (oligolecty) to generalisation (polylecty).</p> <p>2. Several studies have shown greater interannual variation in flowering phenology for earlier-flowering plants than later-flowering plants, suggesting that early-season bees may experience substantial year-to-year variation in the floral taxa available to them.</p> <p>3. We therefore reasoned that, among bees, early phenology could be a more viable strategy for generalists, which can use resources from multiple floral taxa, than for specialists. Consequently, we expected median dates of collection of adult specimens to be earlier for generalist species than for specialists. To test this, we obtained phenology data and pollen diet information on 67 North American species of the bee genus <em>Osmia</em>.</p> <p>4. Controlling for latitude and phylogeny, we find that dietary generalisation is associated with significantly earlier phenology, with generalists active, on average, 11–14 days earlier than specialists.</p> <p>5. This result is consistent with the generalist strategy being more viable than the specialist strategy for species active in early spring, suggesting that dietary specialisation may constrain the evolution of bee phenology—or vice versa.</p>
Data from: What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialized insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen
<ol> <li>Despite the importance of insect pollination to produce marketable fruits, insect pollination management is limited by insufficient knowledge about key crop pollinator species. This lack of knowledge is due in part to: 1) the extensive labour involved in collecting direct observations of pollen-transport, 2) the variability of insect assemblages over space and time, and 3) the possibility that pollinators may need access to wild plants as well as crop floral resources.</li> <li>We address these problems using strawberry in the UK as a case study. First, we compare two proxies for estimating pollinator importance: flower visits and pollen transport. Pollen-transport data might provide a closer approximation of pollination service, but visitation data are less time-consuming to collect. Second, we identify insect parameters that are associated with high importance as pollinators, estimated using each of the proxies above. Third, we estimated insects' use of wild plants as well as the strawberry crop.</li> <li>Overall, pollinator importances estimated based on easier-to-collect visitation data were strongly correlated with importances estimated based on pollen loads. Both frameworks suggest that bees <em>Apis</em> and <em>Bombus</em> and hoverflies <em>Eristalis</em> are likely to be key pollinators of strawberries, although visitation data underestimate the importance of bees.</li> <li>Moving beyond species identities, abundant, relatively specialised insects with long active periods are likely to provide more pollination service. </li> <li>Most insects visiting strawberry plants also carried pollen from wild plants, suggesting that pollinators need diverse floral resources.</li> <li>Identifying essential pollinators or pollinator parameters based on visitation data will reach the same general conclusions as those using pollen transport data, at least in monoculture crop systems. Managers may be able to enhance pollination service by preserving habitats surrounding crop fields to complement pollinators' diets and provide habitats for diverse life stages of wild pollinators.</li> </ol>
Data from: What makes a good pollinator? Abundant and specialized insects with long flight periods transport the most strawberry pollen
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Data from: Pollen specialization is associated with later phenology in Osmia mason bees (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)
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Data from: Patterns of pollen and nectar foraging specialization by bumblebees over multiple timescales using RFID
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