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20 results for “pollinator composition”
Sustained mangrove reproduction despite major turnover in pollinator community composition at expanding range edge
<p><strong>Background and Aims</strong></p> <p>How well plants reproduce near their geographic range edge can determine whether distributions will shift in response to changing climate. Reproduction at the range edge can be limiting if pollinator scarcity leads to pollen limitation, or if abiotic stressors affect allocation to reproduction. For many animal-pollinated plants with expanding ranges, the mechanisms by which they have overcome these barriers are poorly understood.</p> <p><strong>Methods </strong></p> <p>In this study, we examined plant-pollinator interactions hypothesized to impact reproduction of the black mangrove, <em>Avicennia germinans</em>, which is expanding northward in coastal Florida, USA. We monitored insects visiting <em>A. germinans</em> populations varying in proximity to the geographic range edge, measured the pollen loads of the most common insect taxa and pollen receipt by <em>A. germinans</em> stigmas, and quantified flower and propagule production. <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Key Results</strong></p> <p>We found that despite an 84% decline in median floral visits by insects at northernmost vs. southernmost sites, range-edge pollen receipt remained high. Notably, local floral visitor assemblages exhibited substantial turnover along the study's latitudinal gradient, with large-bodied bees and hover flies increasingly common at northern sites. We also observed elevated flower production in northern populations and higher per capita reproductive output at the range edge. Furthermore, mean propagule mass in northern populations was 18% larger than propagules from the southernmost populations. <strong> </strong></p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>These findings reveal no erosion of fecundity in <em>A. germinans</em> populations at range limits, allowing rapid expansion of mangrove cover in the region. These results also illustrate that substantial turnover in the assemblage of flower-visiting insects can occur at an expanding range edge without altering pollen receipt.</p>
Sustained mangrove reproduction despite major turnover in pollinator community composition at expanding range edge
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Data from: Tropical deforestation reduces plant mating quality by shifting the functional composition of pollinator communities
<p>Deforestation can impact the quality of pollen received by target plants (<i>i.e., </i>delivery of incompatible pollen, self-pollen, or pollen from closely related individuals). Such reductions in plant mating quality may be direct, when deforestation reduces plant population size and the availability of pollen donors, or indirect, when decreased mating quality results, for example, from shifts in the composition of the pollinator community. As most flowering plants depend on animal pollinators for reproduction, there is a need to understand the direct and indirect links between deforestation, pollinator community composition, and plant mating quality.</p> <p>We quantified the direct, pollen-donor-mediated and indirect, pollinator-mediated effects of deforestation on mating quality in <i>Heliconia tortuosa</i>, a tropical herb pollinated by low- and high-mobility hummingbirds. We used a confirmatory path analysis to test the hypothesis that deforestation (amount of forest cover and forest patch size) influenced mating quality (haplotype diversity of pollen pools, outcrossing, and biparental inbreeding) directly and indirectly through functional shifts in the composition of pollinator communities (proportion of high-mobility hummingbirds).</p> <p>We found that deforestation triggered functional shifts in the composition of pollinator communities, as the proportion of high-mobility hummingbirds increased significantly with the amount of forest cover and forest patch size. The composition of the pollinator community affected mating quality, as the haplotype diversity of pollen pools increased significantly with the proportion of high-mobility hummingbirds, while biparental inbreeding decreased significantly. Although we did not detect any significant direct, pollen-donor-mediated effects of deforestation on mating quality, reductions in the amount of forest cover and forest patch size resulted in functional shifts that filtered out high-mobility hummingbirds from the pollinator community, thereby reducing mating quality indirectly.</p> <p><i>Synthesis. </i>Deforestation primarily influenced plant mating quality through a cascading effect mediated by functional shifts in the composition of the pollinator community. Our results indicate that plant mating quality strongly depends on the composition of local pollinator communities. Functional shifts that filter out highly mobile and effective pollinators may reduce the transfer of genetically diverse pollen loads from unrelated plants. Such shifts may have pronounced effects on plant population dynamics and disrupt genetic connectivity.</p>
Data from: Between-year changes in community composition shape species' roles in an Arctic plant-pollinator network
Inter-annual turnover in community composition can affect the richness and functioning of ecological communities. If incoming and outgoing species do not interact with the same partners, ecological functions such as pollination may be disrupted. Here, we explore the extent to which turnover affects species' roles --as defined based on their participation in different motifs positions-- in a series of temporally replicated plant-pollinator networks from high-Arctic Zackenberg, Greenland. We observed substantial turnover in the plant and pollinator assemblages, combined with significant variation in species' roles between networks. Variation in the roles of plants and pollinators tended to increase with the amount of community turnover, although a negative interaction between turnover in the plant and pollinator assemblages complicated this trend for the roles of pollinators. This suggests that increasing turnover in the future will result in changes to the roles of plants and likely those of pollinators. These changing roles may in turn affect the functioning or stability of this pollination network.
Data from: neglected puzzle pieces of urban green infrastructure: richness, cover, and composition of insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces
<p>Insect-pollinated vascular plants in spontaneous vegetation provide essential ecosystem services and benefit wildlife. However, floral communities associated with traffic-related green spaces are rarely considered valuable elements of urban green infrastructure (UGI). The dataset contains information on species-based floral communities of vascular insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces in three highly populated Finnish cities. Those are Helsinki (665 558 inhabitants), Tampere (244 029 inhabitants), and Turku (175 645 inhabitants). Data were collected during the mean flowering phenophase of vascular plants in July-August 2022 from two types of locations: (i) urban (city centers) and (ii) suburban (city outskirts), and from three types of traffic-related green spaces: (i) traffic islands, (ii) parking lots, (iii) road verges. The dataset contains information for the 93 vascular insect-pollinated plant species flowering during the survey. Sampling campaign was conducted in 90 sampling sites, and the dataset contains information on the location coordinates. In addition, the dataset possesses information on the amount of garbage pieces (cigarette filters, plastic boxes, or scraps) revealed for each sampling point in traffic-related green spaces.</p>
Flexible diets enable pollinators to cope with changes in plant community composition
<p><span>Switching plant species visited by pollinators (partner flexibility), has been proposed as a behavioural mechanism able to attenuate the negative impacts of shifts in plant communities on pollination. However, it is unclear if the magnitude of such response is generalizable or depends on the environmental context. Moreover, the ability of pollinators to exploit plants with dissimilar traits (trait flexibility) has been overlooked, even though it can affect the spectrum of new partners available. </span></p> <p><span>To shed some light on this problem, we quantified partner and trait flexibility in five communities from four different environments, from Alpine to semi-arid. We evaluated if the rate at which pollinators incorporated new plant species throughout the flowering season was similar across communities or context-dependent. Then, we assessed if pollinators changed the type of flowers visited and if such trait flexibility was related to their capacity to visit new plant species. Finally, we developed an agent-based model to explore if diet flexibility can protect pollination when the plant community changes. To this end, we used scenarios of phenological decoupling.</span></p> <p><span>In general, pollinators switched interaction partners to cope with the temporal replacement of plant species. Yet, the magnitude of such behaviour varied across communities, probably in response to differences in the number of floral resources available. Also, pollinators were able to visit plant species with dissimilar traits, though both components of diet flexibility (partner identity and traits) did not necessarily covary. Thus, to have a full picture of pollinators' diet flexibility we need to consider the floral traits of partners. Finally, our theoretical model shows that diet flexibility can protect pollination after shifts in plant communities; but that such positive effects are limited by trait-matching between co-occurring species.</span></p> <p><span><span>Overall, our study highlights the importance of incorporating plant traits when evaluating the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners. Besides, our simulation results suggest that diet flexibility may not unequivocally protect pollination against changes in plant communities, especially if they entail shifts in the characteristics of the floral assemblage, and hence, the ability of pollinators to find new interaction partners can be compromised.</span></span></p>
Data from: neglected puzzle pieces of urban green infrastructure: richness, cover, and composition of insect-pollinated plants in traffic-related green spaces
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Data from: Between-year changes in community composition shape species' roles in an Arctic plant-pollinator network
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Data from: Tropical deforestation reduces plant mating quality by shifting the functional composition of pollinator communities
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Flexible diets enable pollinators to cope with changes in plant community composition
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Data from: Experimental rewilding enhances grassland functional composition and pollinator habitat use
1. Semi-natural grasslands are rich in biodiversity and thus important habitats for conservation, yet subjected to rapid declines due to agricultural intensification or abandonment. Promoting a more diverse mammalian herbivore community, including large and megaherbivores, may result in positive cascade effects for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, reintroducing an ecologically functional substitute of an extinct large herbivore could mitigate current biodiversity declines and foster semi-natural grassland conservation. 2. To test this hypothesis, we set up a 3-year rewilding experiment where 12 feral horses were introduced in three 10-hectare enclosure replicates (four horses per enclosure). We used community-weighted mean plant functional traits to elucidate plant community changes induced by grazing through time. We additionally investigated the effects of the experimental treatment on insect pollinated plants and on pollinator habitat use. 3. The grassland community exerted a mixed tolerance/avoidance response to grazing. This resulted in plant functional compositional changes which favoured prostrate plant species with higher specific leaf area, characteristic of ruderal communities. 4. Plant species richness was higher in grazed compared to ungrazed areas. Butterfly and bumblebee habitat use, as well as feeding and resting activities were also higher in grazed areas. Moreover, the number of pollinators increased with plant species richness. 5. Synthesis and applications. This study demonstrates that to enhance the diversity of a given herbivore community with an ecologically functional substitute of extinct wild horses can have significant effects on the functional composition of grasslands, mitigate plant species declines, and boost pollinator habitat use. Thus, rewilding interventions with large herbivores may offset current biodiversity declines by maintaining important functional links between plants and pollinators in grassland ecosystems.
Influence of climate, weather and floral associations on pollinator community composition across an elevational gradient
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Data from: Tree species composition, breeding systems, pollination and dispersal syndromes in three forest successional stages in a tropical dry forest in Mesoamerica
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Data from: Experimental rewilding enhances grassland functional composition and pollinator habitat use
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Flowering plant communities mediate the effects of habitat composition and configuration on wild pollinator communities
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Data from: Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition
A longstanding debate concerns whether nectar sugar composition evolves as an adaptation to pollinator dietary requirements or whether it is 'phylogenetically constrained'. Here we use a modeling approach to evaluate the hypothesis that nectar sucrose proportion (NSP) is an adaptation to pollinators. We analyze ~2,100 species of asterids, spanning several plant families and pollinator groups (PGs), and show that the hypothesis of adaptation cannot be rejected: NSP evolves toward two optimal values, high NSP for specialist-pollinated and low NSP for generalist-pollinated plants. However, the inferred adaptive process is weak, suggesting that adaptation to PG only provides a partial explanation for how nectar evolves. Additional factors are therefore needed to fully explain nectar evolution and we suggest that future studies might incorporate floral shape and size and the abiotic environment into the analytical framework. Further, we show that NSP and PG evolution are correlated – in a manner dictated by pollinator behavior. This contrasts with the view that a plant necessarily has to adapt its nectar composition to ensure pollination but rather suggests that pollinators adapt their foraging behavior or dietary requirements to the nectar sugar composition presented by the plants. Finally, we document unexpectedly sucrose-poor nectar in some specialized nectarivorous bird-pollinated plants from the Old World, which might represent an overlooked form of pollinator deception. Thus, our broad study provides several new insights into how nectar evolves and we conclude by discussing why maintaining the conceptual dichotomy between adaptation and constraint might be unhelpful for advancing this field.
Data from: Pollinator adaptation and the evolution of floral nectar sugar composition
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Data from: Nectar sugar composition of European Caryophylloideae (Caryophyllaceae) in relation to flower length, pollination biology and phylogeny
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Temperature influences pollinator' choice of floral partners independently of community composition
<p>Climate change can impact species interactions by changing the spatial and/or temporal overlap of interaction partners, but interspecific interactions can also vary when partners remain co-located in space and time. Understanding the effects of climate-driven environmental variation, such as rising temperatures, is particularly important for interactions that underlie key ecosystem functions like pollination. However, very little is known about how temperature variation may impact plant-pollinator interaction patterns in the absence of shifts in species presence or abundance, in part because environmental variation across multiple days or sites is often confounded with changing community composition. In this study, we examined the effects of temperature variation on pollinators’ choice of floral partners within near-static ecological communities by sampling interactions at multiple temperatures within individual days—a method that allowed us to disentangle the effects of temperature variation and species turnover on patterns of plant-pollinator interactions. The substantial temperature variation both within and across days in each growing season also enabled us to largely disentangle temperature variation from time-of-day effects. With this sampling protocol, we show that temperature can influence pollinator floral choice independently of changes in species composition. We found differences in the choice of floral resources across pollinator taxa as temperature varied during individual days and further found that bumble bees, but not sweat bees, exhibited this pattern when analyzed independently. We also confirmed that our observed trends were not driven by variation in the number of interactions recorded, the relative abundance of pollinators, or in the overall attractiveness of flowers at different temperatures. We propose that thermal niche partitioning in this system could be driven by physiological and behavioral factors including energetics and competition for specific floral resources at different temperatures. These insights into thermal variation in pollinators’ floral choice contribute to wider understanding of the fine-scale mechanisms through which climate change may impact ecological networks, community resilience, and ecosystem functioning.</p>
Wildflower composition of DLR pollinator sites 2019
<p>Species list and releve data representing wildflower composition of 17 pollinator sites in the Dun Laoghaire-Rathdown county council municipal area of Dublin, Ireland, collated in May/June 2019 as part of Stephen Mulkearn's undergraduate Bachelor of Science in Environmental Biology thesis, supervised by Tamara Hochstrasser Phd.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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