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16 results for “polynyas”
Raw multibeam bathymetry data collected in the wider polynya area around the Mertz glacier, East Antarctica on board the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov during the austral summer of 2016/2017 as part of the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE).
<p><strong>Dataset abstract</strong></p> <p>An ELAC Nautik 3020 multibeam echo sounder with a 20 kHz transducer mounted on the hull of the R/V Akademik Tryoshnikov, was used to collect multibeam bathymetry data during the Antarctic Circumnavigation Expedition (ACE). This particular dataset was collected in the wider polynya area around the Mertz glacier, East Antarctica in the austral summer of 2016/2017.</p> <p>Bathymetry data were used live during the cruise to look for suitable locations where benthic trawling and remotely-operated vehicle deployments could take place, rather than to undertake specific bathymetric surveys.</p> <p>This raw dataset is provided without calibration information for the surface sound velocity or instrumentation itself and should be used with due caution.</p> <p><strong>Dataset contents</strong></p> <ul> <li>lineYYYYDDmonHHMMSS.xse, data file, proprietary format</li> <li>location.hydrostar, ancillary file, ASCII</li> <li>data_file_header.txt, metadata, text</li> <li>README.txt, metadata, text</li> </ul> <p><strong>Dataset license</strong></p> <p>This raw multibeam bathymetry dataset is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) whose full text can be found at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/l</p>
Three reconstructions of the formation of large open ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean using ice core records
<p>The dataset contains the indices for three reconstructions of open ocean polynya formation in the Southern Ocean over the period 1250-1990 and their uncertainties. See the associated publication</p> <p>Goosse H., Dalaiden Q., Cavitte M.G.P., Zhang L. Can we reconstruct the formation of large open ocean polynyas in the Southern Ocean using ice core records? Climate of the past 2020. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-91">https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-91</a></p> <p>The data are included in a text file. The first column is the time (in years). The next six columns are the three reconstructions using data assimilation with SPEAR_AM2 (DA AM2), using data assimilation with SPEAR_LO (DA LO) and a simple average of standardized time series (Stat), each of them directly followed by their uncertainties. The uncertainties are estimated from the standard deviation of the seven reconstructions using different combinations of the available ice core records.</p> <p>Please contact <a href="mailto:hugues.goosse@uclouvain.be">Hugues Goosse</a>(hugues.goosse@uclouvain.be) for more information.</p>
Sea ice and wave breaking patterns during the Terra Nova Bay Polynya event on September 19, 2019, based on very high resolution satellite imagery
<p>Results of the WorldView-2 (WV2) panchromatic image analysis, described in Herman and Bradtke 2023 "Fetch-limited, strongly forced wind waves in waters with frazil and grease ice — spectral modelling and satellite observations in an Antarctic coastal polynya". The image, which cover part of the polynya in Terra Nova Bay, was taken on September 19, 2019 at 21:22 UTC. The spatial resolution of source data is 0.5 m.</p> <p>The zip file contains:</p> <ol> <li> “AOI” folder with the analyzed area outline in SHAPEFILE format</li> <li>“whitecaps” folder with breaking wave signatures (polygons) in SHAPEFILE format</li> <li>Sea ice (1) - water (2) mask in GeoTIFF format (0 means NoData)</li> </ol> <p>Data are provided in WGS 1984 / UTM Zone 58S projection (EPSG:32758)</p>
Daily Edge of Each Polynya in Antarctic (DEEP-AA)
<p>The dataset of Daily Edge of Each Polynya in Antarctic (DEEP-AA) maps the area of each polynya daily. It uses a polynya tracking and identification method proposed by Lin et al., and effectively records the daily areas of both frequent and infrequent polynyas in wintertime (April to October). The DEEP-AA spans from 2003 to 2022 (2011.09.01-2012.07.31 missed). </p> <p><strong>It should be noticed that ONLY the dataset of SIC60_6.25km_20d.zip is recommended, and the other ones used only in sensitive anaylsis were NOT parameter tuned. Be careful to use sets other than SIC60_6.25km_20d.zip.</strong></p> <p>You can get the codfe to create the dataset from the <a href="https://github.com/Mou-si/DEEP/releases/tag/v1.1.0">Github release</a>.</p> <p>A description of the dataset has been published: Lin, Y. et al. A dataset of the daily edge of each polynya in the Antarctic. <em>Sci. Data</em> 11, 1006 (2024).</p> <h3><strong>Contents in DEEP-AA</strong></h3> <ul> <li>DEEP-AA <ul> <li>Subsets (*.zip) <ul> <li>Daily maps (DEEP_*.nc)</li> <li>OverviewMap.mat</li> <li>Input.txt</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h3><strong>Subsets</strong></h3> <p>Multiple subsets (*.zip) under various parameter settings are provided here. Among them, <strong>SIC60_6.25km_20d.zip is recommended.</strong> Its spatial resolution is <strong>6.25 km</strong> (polar stereographic grid, EPSG code 3412) and the temporal resolution is <strong>1 day</strong>. This subset is built based on sea ice concentration data from the University of Bremen (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919778, and https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.898400), combined with ERA5 2m air temperature (https://doi.org/10.24381/cds.adbb2d47), Circum-Antarctic landfast sea ice extent, 2000-2018 - version 2.2 (https://doi.org/doi:10.26179/5d267d1ceb60c), and U.S. National Ice Center Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice Concentration and Climatologies in Gridded Format, Version 1 (https://doi.org/10.7265/46cc-3952).</p> <p>The other subsets are the results of simple parameter modification (1 or 2 parameters) based on the setting of SIC60_6.25km_20d.zip. You can get detailed parameter settings in the Input.txt in every subset.</p> <h3><strong>Files of each subset<br></strong></h3> <p><strong><em>Daily maps (DEEP_*.nc)</em></strong></p> <p><strong>DEEP-AA provides a NetCDF file daily containing a polynya map for that day. We give each polynya a 9-bit unique ID</strong> that does not change over time, and <strong>in the daily maps, the area of each polynya is masked by its ID</strong>. The last bit of the ID also represents the attributes of the polynya: the even number indicates coastal polynya, odd number indicates open-ocean polynya.</p> <p>In addition, the other open water, open sea, lands, etc. are also recorded in the maps. See details in the following table:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <th>Value</th> <th>Meanings</th> </tr> <tr> <td>>0, even number</td> <td>coastal polynya ID mask</td> </tr> <tr> <td>>0, odd number</td> <td>open-ocean polynya ID mask</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-100</td> <td>mask of landfast ice</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-2</td> <td>open sea</td> </tr> <tr> <td>-1</td> <td>the other open waters (not polynyas)</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NaN or -999</td> <td>mask of lands</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong><em>OverviewMap.mat</em></strong></p> <p>An overview map of all polynyas identified. It maps all the Antarctic polynyas in that subset by their ID masks. You can run the MATLAB script <a href="https://github.com/Mou-si/DEEP/blob/main/OverviewMapTool/PolynyaIDsFinder_Guide.m" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PolynyaIDsFinder_Guide.m</a> to view it and inquire about polynyas' IDs easily.</p> <p><strong><em>Input.txt</em></strong></p> <p>It records the parameters used to create the subset.</p>
Animated E3SM V1 High Resolution Mertz Polynya Sea Ice Thickness and Concentration with mid-20th Century Atmospheric Constituents
<p>This animated GIF file visualizes daily grid-cell mean sea ice thickness and concentration for the Mertz Glacier Polynya region of the East Antarctic coast from version 1 of the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) using 25km Atmosphere/Land and 8-16km Sea Ice-Ocean resolutions as described in the manuscript "The DOE E3SM coupled model version 1: Description 1 and results at high resolution". River routing is resolved at 0.125˚. This fully coupled simulation was spun-up for 6 years, and then proceeded for 50 subsequent years using HighResMIP protocols for continuuous 1950s atmospheric constituents. This animation shows sea thickness evolution in each frame for ten model years 46 to 55, inclusive, with shading transparency determined by sea ice concentration, and grid cell outlines dissappearing where there is less than 0.1% sea ice concentration. The coastline is the true model boundary. This animation is best viewed using a web browser.</p>
First description of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal within East Antarctic coastal polynyas during fall and winter
<p>Antarctic coastal polynyas are persistent and recurrent regions of open water located between the coast and the drifting pack-ice. In spring, they are the first polar areas to be exposed to light, leading to the development of phytoplankton blooms, making polynyas potential ecological hotspots in sea-ice regions. Knowledge on polynya oceanography and ecology during winter is limited due to their inaccessibility. This study describes i) the first in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal (a proxy for chlorophyll-a concentration and thus presence of phytoplankton) in polynyas between the end of summer and winter, ii) assesses whether the signal persists through time and iii) identifies its main oceanographic drivers. The dataset comprises 698 profiles of fluorescence, temperature and salinity recorded by southern elephant seals in 2011, 2019–2021 in the Cape-Darnley (CDP;67˚S-69˚E) and Shackleton (SP;66˚S-95˚E) polynyas between February and September. A significant fluorescence signal was observed until April in both polynyas. An additional signal occurring at 130m depth in August within CDP may result from in situ growth of phytoplankton due to potential adaptation to low irradiance or remnant chlorophyll-a that was advected into the polynya. The decrease and deepening of the fluorescence signal from February to August were accompanied by the deepening of the mixed layer depth and a cooling and salinification of the water column in both polynyas. Using Principal Component Analysis as an exploratory tool, we highlighted previously unsuspected drivers of the fluorescence signal within polynyas. CDP shows clear differences in biological and environmental conditions depending on topographic features with higher fluorescence in warmer and saltier waters on the shelf compared with the continental slope. In SP, near the ice-shelf, a significant fluorescence signal in April below the mixed layer (around 130m depth), was associated with fresher and warmer waters. We hypothesize that this signal could result from potential ice-shelf melting from warm water intrusions onto the shelf leading to iron supply necessary to fuel phytoplankton growth. This study supports that Antarctic coastal polynyas may have a key role for polar ecosystems as biologically active areas throughout the season within the sea-ice region despite inter and intra-polynya differences in environmental conditions.</p>
SWAN wave model simulations of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya
<p>Results of SWAN model simulations of the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, described in Herman and Bradtke 2023 "Fetch-limited, strongly forced wind waves in waters with frazil and grease ice — spectral modelling and satellite observations in an Antarctic coastal polynya".</p> <p>The zip file contains two folders:</p> <ol> <li>"swan", with subfolders:</li> </ol> <ul> <li>"input" (input grids, wind, and ice concentration for the ten polynya events)</li> <li>"S0" (SWAN input files and results for mode version S0)</li> <li>"S2_f5" (SWAN input files and results for mode version S2_f5)</li> </ul> <ol> <li>"Tp_from_satellite_swangrid" (peak wave periods and peak wave directions derived from satellite data, interpolated onto the grid of the SWAN model)</li> </ol> <p>Input files for other model versions discussed in the paper can be easily obtained by manipulating coefficients in *.swn files.</p> <p>The input files work with SWAN version 41.45</p>
First description of in situ chlorophyll fluorescence signal within East Antarctic coastal polynyas during fall and winter
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Frazil streaks in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya from high-resolution visible satellite imagery
<p>Results of high-resolution (pixel size 10–15 m) visible satellite imagery analysis, described in Bradtke and Herman 2023 "Spatial characteristics of frazil streaks in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya from high-resolution visible satellite imagery" (https://tc.copernicus.org/articles/17/2073/2023/).</p> <p>The source data for analysis came from three satellite sensors: ALI (Advanced Land Imager), OLI (Operational Land Imager), and MSI (Multispectral Instrument). </p> <p>The dataset includes:</p> <ol> <li>results of frazil streaks detection in polynya, ice_water (ice =1, water=2, NoData=0)</li> <li>maps of spatially averaged characteristics of ice in polynya (NoData = -100): <ul> <li>ice concentration, Cfs (-),</li> <li>frazil streaks orientation, Thetafs (degrees clockwise from the north)</li> <li>width of frazil streaks, Wfs (m)</li> </ul> </li> <li>maps of spatially averaged wind-wave characteristics obtained from the Fourier analysis (NoData = -100):<br> <ul> <li>peak wave length, Lpeak (m)</li> <li>peak wave direction, Thetapeak (degrees clockwise from the north)</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <p>Data are provided in WGS 1984 / UTM Zone 58S projection (EPSG:32758), in raster grid with 10m resolution, in GeoTIFFformat.</p> <p>File name convention is: sensor_YYYYMMDD_variable.tif</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the NOW Polynya
<p>Climate changes in the Arctic may weaken the currently tight pelagic-benthic coupling. In response to decreasing sea ice cover, arctic marine systems are expected to shift from a 'sea-ice algae-benthos' to a 'phytoplankton-zooplankton' dominance. We used mollusk shells as bioarchives and fatty acid trophic markers to estimate the effects of the reduction of sea ice cover on the exported food to the seafloor. Bathyal bivalve <i>Astarte moerchi</i> that lives at 600 m depth in northern Baffin Bay reveals a clear shift in growth variations and Ba/Ca ratios since the late 1970s that we relate to a change in food availability. Fatty acid compositions of tissues show that this species feeds mainly on microalgae exported from the euphotic zone to the seabed. We thus suggest that changes in pelagic-benthic coupling are likely due to either local changes in sea ice dynamics, mediated through bottom-up regulation exerted by sea ice on phytoplankton production or to a mismatch between phytoplankton bloom and zooplankton grazing due to change in their phenology. Both possibilities allow a more regular and increased transfer of food to the seabed.</p>
Data from: Diet dichotomy between two migrant seabirds breeding near a high Arctic polynya
High Arctic polynyas are predictable areas of open water, which offer long-distance migrant seabirds a reliable source of food during a period when they have to replenish and accumulate energy for reproduction. Investigating the interaction between species nesting sympatrically in the vicinity of polynyas should provide insights into the role that such oceanographic features play for pre-breeding seabirds. We used stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) to compare the diet of two ground-nesting seabirds, Sabine's gull (Xema sabini) and Arctic tern (Sterna paradisaea), nesting on an island adjacent to a recurring polynya in the Canadian high Arctic in 2008 and 2009. We show that, unlike Arctic terns, the diet of Sabine's gulls appears to include a non-negligible amount of terrestrially derived prey during early incubation, and that overall both species segregate their dietary niche during pre-laying and early incubation.
Data from: Shells of the bivalve Astarte moerchi give new evidence of a strong pelagic-benthic coupling shift occurring since the late 1970s in the NOW Polynya
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Data from: Diet dichotomy between two migrant seabirds breeding near a high Arctic polynya
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Sediment trap results from Amundsen Sea Polynya International Research Expedition (ASPIRE) including C, N and mass fluxes and isotopic composition, Dec 2010 - Dec 2011
The gravitational settling of particles is a major biogeochemical process linking the carbon cycles and ecosystems of the upper ocean, twilight zone and deep sea. Particle interceptor or sediment traps are used to collect settling particles and provide estimates of their vertical fluxes to various depths. We used a new Technicap 24-sample time series sediment trap deployed at 350 m depth in the Amundsen Sea polynya (73o 49’ S, 113o 04’ W, 2010-12.
Multidecadal Polynya Formation in a (Conceptual) Box Model
<p>Data sets and model code for Multidecadal Polynya Formation in a (Conceptual) Box Model submitted for Ocean Sciences, 2020. </p>
Data for " Uptake selectivity of Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) on fine particles over polynya regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica"
<p>The data used in the preparation of the manuscript "Uptake selectivity of Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA) on fine particles over polynya regions of the Ross Sea, Antarctica". The data consists of the data in each of the figures, as well as the time series for observation regions, MSA mass concentrations and populations, size distributions, mass spectra, temperature, relative humidity etc. from the SPAMS and IGAC.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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