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210 results for “population control”
Public opinion poll "War, Peace, Victory and the Future" – National face-to-face opinion poll representative of the population in government-controlled territories of Ukraine on the war-related issues (June 2023)
The face-to-face survey was conducted by the Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Initiatives Foundation in cooperation with the Centre for Political Sociology from 5 to 15 June 2023. A total of 2,001 respondents aged 18 or older took part in the survey in Vinnytsia, Volyn, Dnipropetrovsk, Zhytomyr, Zakarpattia, Zaporizhzhia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Lviv, Mykolaiiv, Odesa, Poltava, Rivne, Sumy, Ternopil, Kharkiv, Kherson, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, Chernihiv, and Chernivtsi regions, and the city of Kyiv (in Zaporizhzhia, Kharkiv, and Kherson regions – only in the territories controlled by Ukraine and not affected by hostilities). The sampling technique used in the survey is multi-stage, with a random selection of localities in the first stage and a quota-based selection of respondents in the final stage. The random selection is representative of the demographic structure of the adult population in the areas covered by the survey at the beginning of 2022. The maximum sampling error shall not exceed 2.3%. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account systematic deviations in the sample caused by the forced migration of millions of citizens due to the Russian-Ukrainian war. COMPOSITION OF MACRO-REGIONS: West – Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Ternopil, and Chernivtsi regions; Center – Vinnytsia, Zhytomyr, Kyiv, Kirovohrad, Poltava, Sumy, Khmelnytskyi, Cherkasy, and Chernihiv regions, and the city of Kyiv; South – Zaporizhzhia, Mykolaiiv, Kherson, and Odesa regions; East – Dnipropetrovsk and Kharkiv regions. This dataset contains the original survey data. The SPSS file (.sav) is the original file. It has been exported to an Excel file. The content of the corresponding XLSX file should be identical to the original SAV file. The SAV file contains the questions and answer options of the original questionnaire in Ukrainian. The original questionnaire and an English translation have also been included in this data collection as separate PDF files. In addition, the dataset includes a file of "selected findings", which documents some of the key findings of the survey in the form of analytical summaries and descriptive statistics. The report was prepared by the civil society organisation OPORA.
Gene drives for vertebrate pest control: realistic spatial modelling of eradication probabilities and times for island mouse populations
<p>Invasive alien species continue to threaten global biodiversity. CRISPR-based gene drives, which can theoretically spread through populations despite imparting a fitness cost, could be used to suppress or eradicate pest populations. We develop an individual-based, spatially explicit, stochastic model to simulate the ability of CRISPR-based homing and X-chromosome shredding drives to eradicate populations of invasive mice (Mus muculus) from islands. Using the model, we explore the interactive effect of the efficiency of the drive constructs and the spatial ecology of the target population on the outcome of a gene-drive release. We also consider the impact of polyandrous mating and sperm competition, which could compromise the efficacy of some gene-drive strategies. Our results show that both drive strategies could be used to eradicate large populations of mice. Whereas parameters related to drive efficiency and demography strongly influence drive performance, we find that sperm competition following polyandrous mating is unlikely to impact the outcome of an eradication effort substantially. Assumptions regarding the spatial ecology of mice influenced the probability of and time required for eradication, with short-range dispersal capabilities and limited mate-search areas producing `chase' dynamics across the island characterised by cycles of local extinction and recolonization by mice. We also show that highly efficient drives are not always optimal, when dispersal capabilities are low, rapid local population supression around the introduction sites can cause loss of the gene drive before it can spread to the entire island. We conclude that, although the design of efficient gene drives is undoubtedly critical, accurate data on the spatial ecology of target species is critical for predicting the result of a gene-drive release.</p>
Рис. 5. Общая схема Δинамики эпизоотии в приамурской попуΛяции коΛьчатого шеΛкопряΔа. ВертикаΛьно: коΛичество погибших гусениц (% от чисΛа собранных за весь периоΔ иссΛеΔований в 2019 г. гусениц). ГоризонтаΛьно: Δата сбора гусениц на территории УПН. — гибеΛь от вируса яΔерного поΛиэΔроза; — гибеΛь от бактериоза Fig. 5. General scheme of the Lackey moth epizootic dynamics for the Cisamurian population. Vertical: number of the deaths, (percentage from the total number of caterpillars collected in 2019 (578 caterpillars)); horizontal: dates of laboratory controls. — death from the NPV; — death from the bacteriosis in Lackey Moth (Malacosoma Neustria L., Lasiocampidae, Lepidoptera) Population During The Eruptive Phase
Рис. 5. Общая схема Δинамики эпизоотии в приамурской попуΛяции коΛьчатого шеΛкопряΔа. ВертикаΛьно: коΛичество погибших гусениц (% от чисΛа собранных за весь периоΔ иссΛеΔований в 2019 г. гусениц). ГоризонтаΛьно: Δата сбора гусениц на территории УПН. — гибеΛь от вируса яΔерного поΛиэΔроза; — гибеΛь от бактериоза Fig. 5. General scheme of the Lackey moth epizootic dynamics for the Cisamurian population. Vertical: number of the deaths, (percentage from the total number of caterpillars collected in 2019 (578 caterpillars)); horizontal: dates of laboratory controls. — death from the NPV; — death from the bacteriosis
Fig. 2 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 2. Seasonal changes in tick abundance of the dominant species (A) H. megaspinosa, (B) H. longicornis, and (C) H. cornigera on Niijima Island. (Broken line with black dot: Larvae, Dotted-dashes line with back triangles: Nymphs, Solid line with crosses: Adults).
Fig. 3 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 3. Statistical summary of the abundances of H. megaspinosa larvae. (A) Days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November, (B) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the high sika deer group, and (C) days since the last sika deer was captured in August–November for the low sika deer group. (X mark inside box: mean, lower and upper side of the box: first and third quartiles, line inside box: median, lower and upper error lines 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively, circles: data falling outside 10th and 90th percentiles).
Fig. 1 in Effects of introduced sika deer (Cervus nippon) and population control activity on the distribution of Haemaphysalis ticks in an island environment
Fig. 1. Map of Niijima Island, with locations of foot snare traps (black circle), and tick collection routes for the tick survey conducted June, August, and November of 2018 and February of 2019 (orange area). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Drosophila suzukii population dynamics and control efficiency of mineral dusts with a focus on grape protection
<p>The invasive pest<em> Drosophila suzukii</em> is threatening berry production. It is mainly managed via chemical control, which is associated with consumer and environmental concerns. Here, we tested the efficiency of mineral dusts under field and laboratory conditions. Furthermore, population dynamics were studied in a vineyard and its surroundings. The kaolin products Cutisan and Surround®, as well as the CaCO<sub>3</sub> product Carboliq had neither insecticidal nor repellent effects on <em>Drosophila suzukii</em> adults in laboratory choice tests with grapes at concentrations of up to 2% (w/v). Cutisan and Surround® significantly reduced the number of deposited eggs (-41.9% and -49.3%, respectively) while Carboliq had no effect on the oviposition under laboratory conditions. The Surround® treatment significantly reduced the number of flies trapped on 09/09/2020 at a test vineyard. Depending on the assessment date and treatment, between 59 and 84% of the flies in the bait traps were females. The number of eggs found in fruit treated with Carboliq in the field was higher at each assessment date than in the control but this difference was not statistically significant. Cutisan and Surround® applications in the field showed an equivalent or lower average number of eggs compared to the control but this difference was only significant on 24/09/2020. The highest number of <em>D. suzukii</em> adults was observed around September in the field and a decline of the population occurred in the winter months until July. In epidemic years, temperature - humidity - combinations prior to population peaks were quite stable with low humidity being associated with a high temperature and <em>vice-versa</em>. In non-epidemic years, humidity fluctuated more than in epidemic years and temperatures were lower before population peaks. The effect of global radiation on population maxima seemed to be minor.</p>
Data for: Genetic control of grain amino acid composition in a UK soft wheat mapping population
<p>Wheat is a major source of nutrients for populations across the globe, but the amino acid composition of wheat grain does not provide optimal nutrition. The nutritional value of wheat grain is limited by low concentrations of lysine (the most limiting essential amino acid) and high concentrations of free asparagine (precursor to the processing contaminant acrylamide). There are currently few available solutions for asparagine reduction and lysine biofortification through breeding. In this study, we investigated the genetic architecture controlling grain-free amino acid composition and its relationship to other traits in a Robigus × Claire doubled haploid population. Multivariate analysis of amino acids and other traits showed that the two groups are largely independent of one another, with the largest effect on amino acids being from the environment. Linkage analysis of the population allowed the identification of QTL controlling free amino acids and other traits, and this was compared against genomic prediction methods. Following the identification of a QTL controlling free lysine content, wheat pangenome resources facilitated analysis of candidate genes in this region of the genome. These findings can be used to select appropriate strategies for lysine biofortification and free asparagine reduction in wheat breeding programmes.</p>
Figure 1 in Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains to control Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) population
Figure 1 Mortality of S. eridania caterpillars caused by different B. thuringiensis (Bt) strains with a concentration of 108 spores/mL after 7 days of bioassay.Means followed by the same letter did not differ statistically by Scott-Knott test at 1% significance (p <0.01).
Figure 2 in Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains to control Spodoptera eridania (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) population
Figure 2 Fingerprint patterns for ERIC-PCR (A) and REP-PCR (B) fragments of selected B. thuringiensis strains isolated in different locations. M = 1 kb Plus DNA ladder.
All data for the preprint Population genetics of Glossina palpalis gambiensis in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease
<p>Data set for the paper titled "Population genetics of <em>Glossina palpalis gambiensis</em> in the sleeping sickness focus of Boffa (Guinea) before and after eight years of vector control: no effect of control despite a significant decrease of human exposure to the disease"</p>
Illustrating potential effects of alternate control populations on real-world evidence-based statistical analyses
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Data for: Genetic control of grain amino acid composition in a UK soft wheat mapping population
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Gene drives for vertebrate pest control: realistic spatial modelling of eradication probabilities and times for island mouse populations
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Disentangling abiotic and biotic controls of age-0 Pacific herring population stability across the San Francisco Estuary
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Local plant diversity and soybean biological control 2011 Harvest Measures:Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Local plant diversity and soybean biological control 2012 Aphid Surveys:Biodiversity II: Effects of Plant Biodiversity on Population and Ecosystem Processes
Biodiversity II (E120) is designed to determine how the number of plant species affects the dynamics of ecological processes at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. By experimentally manipulating the number of species and the kinds of species, the amount of plant growth and the change from year to year, that result can be examined. Plots are large (9m x 9m actively maintained) and well-replicated, allowing responses of plant pathogens, insect herbivores, seed predators, soil parameters, invasive plant species and other variables to also be studied. Plots were seeded in May 1994 to have 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 species, with roughly 30 replicates of each diversity level. The species composition of each plot was chosen by random draw from a pool of 18 grassland perennials that included four warm-season (C4) grasses, four cool-season (C3) grasses, four legumes, four non-legume forbs, and two woody species. All species occur in monoculture allowing comparison of responses of each species in monoculture to combinations of these same species. The experiment was established in 1994 by the lead investigators David Tilman, Peter Reich, Johannes Knops, and David Wedin. Experiment 120 is similar to Experiment 123, but it uses larger plots to provide a large capacity for long-term subexperiments.
Targeted DNA-seq analysis was performed on sorted population of CD45+/CD34+ HSPCs from control or FLI-1 modified mRNA treated mPB after co-culture with vascular niche cells
<p>Human mPB HSPCs were harvested isolated and transduced with either control or FLI-1 modified mRNA. HSPCs were introduced into co-culture with vascular niche ECs. Cultures were harvested and CD45+/CD34+ HSPCs were resoerted and processed for trageted DNA-seq analysis. Contains raw FASTQ sequencing files, unfiltered VCFs, and curated results in an excel.</p>
Data from: Controlling trapping, overgrazing and invasive vegetation is key to saving Java's last population of the Black-winged Myna
<p><span><span>The Black-winged Myna (<em>Acridotheres melanopterus</em>) is an Endangered passerine endemic to the islands of Java and Bali, Indonesia. </span><span>Illegal trapping to supply the cage-bird trade has led to its near-total extinction, with the global population estimated to number fewer than 100 individuals. The only known population of Black-winged Mynas on Java occurs at Baluran National Park (BNP). </span>These data were generated to meet the two primary aims of the linked paper: the first was to estimate the Black-winged Myna <em>(Acridotheres</em> <em>melanopterus</em>) population size and range at BNP; and the second was to use species distribution modelling to evaluate the potential suitability of areas currently unoccupied by Black-winged Mynas across BNP to identify priorities for management intervention. We carried out line-transect distance sampling following the standard distance analysis method to estimate the population size. A total of 56 detections of groups of Black-winged Mynas were recorded along line transects and are included in the dataset. These records are associated with the land cover type for that segment of the transect, the perpendicular distance of the record to the transect, and the survey effort associated with each transect. To produce the species distribution model, we used three predictor raster layers along with all Black-winged Myna presences recorded </span>(not freely available, see below) and a generated set of pseudo-absences. The dataset contains both the raw data used to create the land cover classification as well as the final raster. The raw data used to produce the habitat classification contains classified points (n = 426) from across BNP, which were used as a training and test data for a random forest land cover classification.</p>
Data from: Modeling the impact of birth control policies on China's population and age: effects of delayed births and minimum birth age constraints
<p>We consider age-structured models with an imposed refractory period between births. These models can be used to formulate alternative population control strategies to China's one-child policy. By allowing any number of births, but with an imposed delay between births, we show how the total population can be decreased and how a relatively older age distribution can be generated. This delay represents a more "continuous" form of population management for which the strict one-child policy is a limiting case. Such a policy approach could be more easily accepted by society. Our analyses provide an initial framework for studying demographics and how social constraints influence population structure.</p> <p>This dataset includes the raw population data for 1981 China and 2000 Japan, and some Matlab code files used to process such raw data and produce predictions.</p>
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