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13 results for “population turnover”
Fig. 1 MapshowingtherangeofthestudypopulationofEasternImperialEaglesinHungaryandthelocationofsampledandnotsampledterritoriesin 2003 in High Turnover Rate Revealed By Non-Invasive Genetic Analyses In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle Population
Fig. 1 MapshowingtherangeofthestudypopulationofEasternImperialEaglesinHungaryandthelocationofsampledandnotsampledterritoriesin 2003 (35 ofthe 61 nesting
Fig. 2 in High Turnover Rate Revealed By Non-Invasive Genetic Analyses In An Expanding Eastern Imperial Eagle Population
Fig. 2. Firstidentification (1999, territorycodeBS-02) andre-identification (2003, BS-03) of afemale. Theterritorieswereapproximately 10 kmawayfromeachotherandtheoriginal BS-02 territorywasvacantin 2001-2002, butitwasoccupiedbyapairwithanewfemale in 2003; differentmarkingsrepresentdifferentgeneticallytaggedfemales, blackmarkings representthenestsfromtheBS-02 territory, greymarkingsrepresentnestsfromtheBS-03 territory; yearsinitalic (nestsmarkedbycircles) representnestingsiteswithoutsamples.
Setting files from: Simulated patterns of mitochondrial diversity are consistent with partial population turnover in Bronze Age Central Europe
<p><strong>Simulated Data and Simulation Program</strong></p> <p>This dataset release permits to simulate the scenarios investigated in the article entitled "Simulated patterns of mitochondrial diversity are consistent with partial population turnover in Bronze Age Central Europe" by Broccard et al, using the program SPLATCHE3, which is included.</p> <p>There is a zipped folder "Broccard_et_al_SimulationData.zip" that contains i) a "ReadMe.txt" file with the instructions to launch the simulations; ii) the executable called "SPLATCHE3-Linux-64b"; iii) the input settings file for the various scenarios.</p> <p>See Broccard, N, Silva, NM and & Currat M., American Journal of Biological Anthropology (2021), for background and http://www.splatche.com/splatche3 for more information about the simulation program.</p>
Data from: Eco-evolutionary dynamics in the wild: clonal turnover and stability in Daphnia populations
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Data for: Hidden population turnover of small odontocetes in the northwestern North Pacific during the Holocene
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Parasite turnover zone at secondary contact: a new pattern in host-parasite population genetics
<p>We introduce a new pattern of population genetic structure in a host-parasite system that can arise after secondary contact of previously isolated populations. Due to different generation time and therefore different tempo of molecular evolution the host and parasite populations reach different degrees of genetic differentiation during their separation (e.g. in refugia). Consequently, during the secondary contact the host populations are able to re-establish a single panmictic population across the area of contact, while the parasite populations stop their dispersal at the secondary contact zone and create a narrow hybrid zone. From the host's perspective, the parasite's hybrid zone functions on a microevolutionary scale as a "parasite turnover zone": while the hosts are passing from area A to area B, their parasites turn genetically from the area A genotypes to the area B genotypes. We demonstrate this novel pattern on a model composed of <em>Apodemus</em> mice and <em>Polyplax</em> lice by comparing maternally inherited markers (complete mitochondrial genomes, and complete genomes of vertically transmitted symbiont <em>Legionella polyplacis</em>) with SNPs derived from the louse genomic data. We discuss circumstances that may lead to this pattern and possible reasons why it has been overlooked in the studies on host parasite population genetics.</p>
Dynamic feedbacks among tree functional traits, termite populations and deadwood turnover
<p><b><span>1.</span></b><b> </b>Changes in the composition of plant functional traits may affect ecosystem processes through influencing trophic interactions. Bottom-up control by plant species through food availability to animals may vary with time. However, such dynamics and their consequences for deadwood turnover are poorly known for detrital food webs.</p> <p><b><span>2. </span></b>We introduce a dynamic conceptual model of the feedback of (deadwood-feeding) termite populations, tree functional traits and deadwood decomposition. We hypothesized that tree functional diversity (in terms of a wood resource economic spectrum, WES) supports the sustenance of termite populations via complementary food supplied through time, as deadwood varies in traits both initially between species and because of different decomposition rates. Simultaneously, the consumption of deadwood by termites was hypothesized to sustain deadwood turnover in a functionally diverse forest by the same temporal mechanism of changing wood quality of multiple species over time.</p> <p><b><span>3. </span></b>We tested our hypothesis through an 18-month termite-exclusion decomposition experiment by incubating coarse (i.e., 5 cm diameter) deadwood of 34 woody species in two subtropical forests in East China. One site still sustained a healthy population of pangolins as the keystone termite predator, while another had lost its pangolins due to hunting and illegal wildlife trade.</p> <p><b><span>4. </span></b>The results supported our hypothesis: in the first 12 months, termites amplified the positive linear relationship between % wood mass loss and initial wood quality (WES). In contrast, between 12 and 18 months, termite-mediated consumption, and associated wood mass loss, showed a humpback relation with the initial WES. This shift in termite preference of deadwood species along the WES indicated complementary food availability to termites through time.</p> <p><b><span>5. </span></b><b><i><span><span>Synthesis</span></span></i></b><b><span>.</span></b><b> </b>Our findings imply that tree functional composition, through variation in deadwood quality through decomposition time, can help to sustain termite populations and thereby forest carbon turnover. Future studies need to test whether and how our conceptual model may apply to other detrital systems and food webs. In general, food web research would benefit from a stronger focus on temporal patterns for better understanding the interactions of basal resource functional traits and consumers on ecosystem functions.</p>
Parasite turnover zone at secondary contact: a new pattern in host-parasite population genetics
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Dynamic feedbacks among tree functional traits, termite populations and deadwood turnover
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Data from: Turnover in local parasite populations temporarily favors host outcrossing over self-fertilization during experimental evolution
The ubiquity of outcrossing in plants and animals is difficult to explain given its costs relative to self-fertilization. Despite these costs, exposure to changing environmental conditions can temporarily favor outcrossing over selfing. Therefore, recurring episodes of environmental change are predicted to favor the maintenance of outcrossing. Studies of host–parasite coevolution have provided strong support for this hypothesis. However, it is unclear whether multiple exposures to novel parasite genotypes in the absence of coevolution are sufficient to favor outcrossing. Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and the bacterial parasite Serratia marcescens, we studied host responses to parasite turnover. We passaged several replicates of a host population that was well-adapted to the S. marcescens strain Sm2170 with either Sm2170 or one of three novel S. marcescens strains, each derived from Sm2170, for 18 generations. We found that hosts exposed to novel parasites maintained higher outcrossing rates than hosts exposed to Sm2170. Nonetheless, host outcrossing rates declined over time against all but the most virulent novel parasite strain. Hosts exposed to the most virulent novel strain exhibited increased outcrossing rates for approximately 12 generations, but did not maintain elevated levels of outcrossing throughout the experiment. Thus, parasite turnover can transiently increase host outcrossing. These results suggest that recurring episodes of parasite turnover have the potential to favor the maintenance of host outcrossing. However, such maintenance may require frequent exposure to novel virulent parasites, rapid rates of parasite turnover, and substantial host gene flow.
Data from: Turnover in local parasite populations temporarily favors host outcrossing over self-fertilization during experimental evolution
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Study on Water Turnover of the Chinese Population Based on Deuterium Dilution Method
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07028021. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Effect of Vaccination on Turnover of Lamivudine (3TC) Sensitive and Resistant Virus Populations in HIV-1-Infected Individuals
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00001080. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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