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18 results for “post-fire regeneration”
Supporting data for: Topographic information improves simulated patterns of post-fire conifer regeneration in the Southwest U.S.
<p>The western U.S. is projected to experience more frequent and severe wildfires in the future due to drier and hotter climate conditions, exacerbating destructive wildfire impacts on forest ecosystems such as tree mortality and unsuccessful post-fire regeneration. While empirical studies have revealed strong relationships between topographical information and plant regeneration, ecological processes in ecosystem models have either not fully addressed topography-mediated effects on the probability of plant regeneration, or the probability is only controlled by climate-related factors, e.g., water and light stresses. In this study, we incorporated seedling survival data based on a planting experiment in the footprint of the 2011 Las Conchas Fire into the PnET extension of the LANDIS-II model by adding topographic and an additional climatic variable to the probability of regeneration. The modified algorithm included topographic parameters such as heat load index (HLI) and ground slope and spring precipitation. We ran simulations on the Las Conchas Fire landscape for 2012–2099 using observed and projected climate data (i.e., RCP 4.5 and 8.5). Our modification significantly reduced the number of regeneration events of three common southwestern conifer tree species (piñon, ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir), leading to decreases in aboveground biomass, regardless of climate scenario. The modified algorithm decreased regeneration at higher elevations and increased regeneration at lower elevations relative to the original algorithm. Regenerations of three species also decreased on eastern aspects. Our findings suggest that ecosystem models may overestimate post-fire regeneration events in the southwest U.S. To better represent regeneration processes following wildfire, ecosystem models need refinement to better account for the range of factors that influence tree seedling establishment. This will improve model utility for projecting the combined effects of climate and wildfire on tree species distributions.</p>
Supporting data for: Topographic information improves simulated patterns of post-fire conifer regeneration in the Southwest U.S.
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Data from: The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer
<p>1. Disentangling species strategies that confer resilience to natural disturbances is key to conserving and restoring savanna ecosystems. Fire is a recurrent disturbance in savannas, and savanna vegetation is highly adapted to, and often dependent on fire. However, although the woody component of tropical savannas is well studied, we still do not understand how ground-layer plant communities respond to fire, limiting conservation and management actions.</p> <p>2. We investigated the effects of prescribed fire on community structure and composition, and evaluated which traits are involved in plant community regeneration after fire in the cerrado ground layer. We assessed traits related to species persistence and colonization capacity after fire, including resprouter type, underground structure, fire-induced flowering, regeneration strategy and growth form. We searched for functional groups related to response to fire, to shed light on the main strategies of post-fire recovery among species in the ground layer.</p> <p>3. Fire changed ground-layer community structure and composition in the short term, leading to greater plant species richness, population densities, and increasing bare soil, compared with unburned communities. Eight months after fire, species abundance did not differ from pre-disturbance values for 86% of the species, demonstrating the resilience of this layer to fire. Only one ruderal species was disadvantaged by fire and 13% of the species benefited. Rapid recovery of soil cover by native vegetation in burned areas was driven by species with high capacity to resprout and spread vegetatively. Recovery of the savanna ground-layer community, as a whole, resulted from a combination of different species traits. We summarized these traits into five large groups, encompassing key strategies involved in ground layer regeneration after fire.</p> <p>Synthesis: Fire dramatically changes the ground layer of savanna vegetation in the short term, but the system is highly resilient, quickly recovering the pre-fire state. Recovery involves different strategies, which we categorized into five functional groups of plant species: grasses, seeders, bloomers, undergrounders, and resprouters. Knowledge of these diverse strategies should be used as a tool to assess conservation and restoration status of fire-resilient ecosystems in the cerrado.</p>
Data from: Climate will increasingly determine post-fire tree regeneration success in low-elevation forests, Northern Rockies, USA
Climate change is expected to cause widespread shifts in the distribution and abundance of plant species through direct impacts on mortality, regeneration, and survival. At landscape scales, climate impacts will be strongly mediated by disturbances, such as wildfire, which catalyze shifts in species distributions through widespread mortality and by shaping the post‐disturbance environment. We examined the potential for regional shifts in low‐elevation tree species in response to wildfire and climate warming in low‐elevation, dry mixed‐conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA. We analyzed interactions among climate and wildfire on post‐fire tree seedling regeneration 5–13 yr post‐fire at 177 sites burned in 21 large wildfires during two years with widespread regional burning. We used generalized additive mixed models to quantify how the density of Douglas‐fir and ponderosa pine seedlings varied as a function of climate normals (30‐yr mean temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, and evapotranspiration) and fire (tree survivorship, burn severity, and seed source availability). Mean summer temperature was the most important predictor of post‐fire seedling densities for both ponderosa pine and Douglas‐fir. Seed availability was also important in determining Douglas‐fir regeneration. As mean summer temperature continues to increase, however, seed availability will become less important for determining post‐fire regeneration. Above a mean summer temperature of 17°C, Douglas‐fir regeneration is predicted to be minimal regardless of how close a seed source is to a site. The majority (82%) of our sampled sites are predicted to exceed a mean summer temperature of 17°C by mid‐century, suggesting significant declines in seedling densities and potential forest loss. Our results highlight mechanisms linking climate change to shifts in the distribution of two widely dominant tree species in western North America. Under a warming climate, we expect post‐fire tree regeneration in these low‐elevation forests to become increasingly unsuccessful. Such widespread regeneration failures would have important implications for ecosystem processes and forest resilience, particularly as wildfires increase in response to climate warming.
Areas of low natural regeneration potential post-fire in shrublands of southern California (selected years between 2008 and 2020)
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California subalpine forest post-fire conifer regeneration data
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Data from: The diversity of post-fire regeneration strategies in the cerrado ground layer
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High fire frequency in California chaparral reduces post-fire shrub regeneration and native plant diversity
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Data from: Climate will increasingly determine post-fire tree regeneration success in low-elevation forests, Northern Rockies, USA
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Data from: Strong dispersal limitation in post-fire regeneration of Baker cypress, a rare serotinous conifer
<p>PREMISE: Dispersal capacity primarily determines the spatial establishment patterns that drive range expansions and contractions in tree species. For Baker cypress (Hesperocyparis bakeri [(Jeps.) Bartel]), seedling establishment relies predominantly on fire events due to its cone serotiny, shade intolerance, and small seeds requiring the optimal conditions of fire-exposed, mineral soil seedbeds. <br> <br> METHODS: This study quantified the density and spatial distribution of post-disturbance seedlings following the 2014 Eiler fire in northern California and compared the observed recruitment to predictions from a mechanistic seed dispersal model. <br> <br> RESULTS: Post-fire recruitment was dense, averaging 11 seedling/m 2 , and occurred primarily in the first year after fire. We estimated the mean descent velocity of the wingless seeds as around 4 m/sec, the highest value reported for any putatively wind-dispersed tree species. The rapid seed decent contributed to markedly constrained recruitment in space. Most seedlings (~81%) established within 5 m of the parent tree, and 94% established within 10 m. The maximum observed dispersal distance was 48.5 m, and scaled linearly with canopy height. Distributions of modeled seed dispersal distance and observed seedling establishment in Baker cypress did not differ, demonstrating that wind disperses seeds a short distance due to the lack of a wing, and secondary dispersal appeared to be minimal at this recently burned site. <br> <br> CONCLUSIONS: If seed dispersal is solely reliant on wind, migration in response to rapid climate change will be impeded and potentially present difficulties in sustaining populations of this and other obligate seeder species with equally constrained dispersal.</p>
Data from: Impacts of growing-season climate on tree growth and post-fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests
We studied the impacts of climate variability on low-elevation forests in the U.S. northern Rocky Mountains by quantifying how post-fire tree regeneration and radial growth varied with growing-season climate. We reconstructed post-fire regeneration and radial growth rates of Pinus ponderosa and Pseudotsuga menziesii at 33 sites that burned between 1992 and 2007, by aging seedlings at the root-shoot boundary. We also measured radial growth in adult trees from 12 additional sites that burned between 1900 and 1990. To quantify the relationship between climate and regeneration, we characterized seasonal climate before, during, and after recruitment pulses using superposed epoch analysis. To quantify growth sensitivity to climate, we performed moving regression analysis for each species and for juvenile and adult life stages. Climatic conditions favoring regeneration and tree growth differed between species. Water deficit and temperature were significantly lower than average during recruitment pulses of ponderosa pine, suggesting that germination-year climate limits regeneration. Growing degree days were significantly higher than average during years with Douglas-fir recruitment pulses, but water deficit was significantly lower one year following pulses, suggesting moisture sensitivity in two-year-old seedlings. Growth was also sensitive to water deficit, but effects varied between life stages, species, and through time, with juvenile ponderosa pine growth more sensitive to climate than adult growth and juvenile Douglas-fir growth. Increasing water deficit corresponded with reduced adult growth of both species. Increases in maximum temperature and water deficit corresponded with increases in juvenile growth of both species in the early 20th century but strong reductions in growth for juvenile ponderosa pine in recent decades. Changing sensitivity of growth to climate suggests that increased temperature and water deficit may be pushing these species towards the edge of their climatic tolerances. Our study demonstrates increased vulnerability of dry mixed-conifer forests to post-fire regeneration failures and decreased growth as temperatures and drought increase. Shifts towards unfavorable conditions for regeneration and juvenile growth may alter the composition and resilience of low-elevation forests to future climate and fire activity.
Regional-scale hydrologic settings buffer black spruce regeneration in the presence of post-fire droughts dataset
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Data from: Genetic structure of a naturally regenerating post-fire seedling population: Pinus halepensis as a case study
To study the effects of wildfire on population genetics of a wind pollinated and wind dispersed tree, we have analyzed the genetic structure of a post-fire, naturally regenerating seedling population of Pinus halepensis Miller, on Mt. Carmel, Israel. We tested the existence of spatial genetic structure, which is expected due to the special spatial demographic structure of the post-fire seedling and sapling populations of this species. Explicitly, we asked whether or not seedlings that germinated under large, burned, dead pine trees are also their offspring. The results revealed that the post-fire seedling population is polymorphic, diverse, and reflects the pre-fire random mating system. In contrast to our prediction, we found no division of the post-fire seedling population to distinct sub-populations. Furthermore, as a result of post-fire seed dispersal to longer range than the average pre-fire inter-tree distance, seedlings found under individual burned trees were not necessarily their sole offspring. Although the population as a whole showed a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, significant excess of heterozygotes was found within each tallest seedlings group growing under single, large, burned pine trees. Our finding indicates the possible existence of intense natural selection for the most vigorous heterozygous genotypes that are best adapted to the special post-fire regeneration niche, which is the thick ash bed under large, dead, pine trees.
Data from: Landscape variation in tree regeneration and snag fall drive fuel loads in 25-yr old post-fire lodgepole pine forests
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Data from: Genetic structure of a naturally regenerating post-fire seedling population: Pinus halepensis as a case study
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Data from: Strong dispersal limitation in post-fire regeneration of Baker cypress, a rare serotinous conifer
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Data from: Impacts of growing-season climate on tree growth and post-fire regeneration in ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests
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ABoVE: Synthesis of Post-Fire Regeneration Across Boreal North America
This dataset is a synthesis of species-specific pre- and post-fire tree stem density estimates, field plot characterization data, and acquired climate moisture deficit data for sites from Alaska, USA eastward to Quebec, Canada in fires that burned between 1989 and 2014. Data are from 1,538 sites across 58 fire perimeters encompassing 4.52 Mha of forest and all major boreal ecozones in North America. To be included in this synthesis, a site had to contain information on species-specific post-fire seedling densities. This included sites where seedlings had been counted 2-13 years post-fire, a timeframe over which there was little change in relative dominance of species based on densities. Plot characterization data includes stand age, site drainage, disturbance history, crown combustion severity, seedbed conditions, and stand structural attributes. Gridded values of Hargreaves Climate Moisture Deficit (CMD) were obtained for each plot where plot coordinates were available. These values included 30-year normals (1981-2010) and CMD in the two years immediately following the fire year. CMD anomalies were calculated as the difference between the 30-year normal and the single year values for each of the first two years after a fire. These synthesis data are provided in comma-separated values (CSV) format.
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