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22 results for “postglacial expansion”
Primary hybrid zone formation in Tephroseris helenitis (Asteraceae), following postglacial range expansion along the central Northern Alps
<p>Secondary vs. primary hybrid zone formation remains a challenging task as the time window in which these historical (vicariant) vs. contemporary (environmental-selective) processes are distinguishable may be relatively narrow.</p> <p>To examine the origin and structure of a transition zone between two subspecies of <i>Tephroseris helenitis</i> along the central Northern Alps, molecular (AFLP) and morphological (achene type) data as well as ecological niche models (ENMs) were used. Samples were collected over a <i>c.</i> 350 km-long transect, largely covered by ice during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).</p> <p>Genetically non-admixed individuals of subspp. <i>helenitis</i> vs. <i>salisburgensis</i> dominated the westernmost vs. eastern transect areas, with admixed individuals occurring in between. Cline for achene morphology was steep, largely non-coincidental, and displaced to the east of the cline centre for neutral AFLPs. During the LGM, ssp. <i>helenitis</i> should have been able to persist in a refugium southwest of the transect, while suitable habitat for ssp. <i>salisburgensis</i> was apparently absent at this time.</p> <p>Patterns of genetic and clinal variation in combination with our ENM data are suggestive of a primary hybrid zone that originated after the species' postglacial, eastward expansion.</p> <p> </p>
Primary hybrid zone formation in Tephroseris helenitis (Asteraceae), following postglacial range expansion along the central Northern Alps
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Data from: Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was a period of massive range contraction. Post-LGM, water-dispersed coastal species, including the red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), expanded poleward as propagules were transported by ocean currents. We assessed postglacial marine expansion pathways for R. mangle within the Caribbean Basin and Florida. METHODS: Six microsatellite loci were used to genotype 237 individuals from nine R. mangle populations in the Caribbean, Florida, and Northwest Africa. We evaluated genetic variation, population structure, gene flow along alternative post-LGM expansion pathways to Florida, and potential long-distance dispersal (LDD) from West Africa to Caribbean islands. KEY RESULTS: These R. mangle populations had substantial genetic structure (FST = 0.37, P < 0.0001) with three discrete population clusters (Caribbean mainland, Caribbean islands, and Florida). Genetic connectivity along the mainland pathway (Caribbean mainland to Florida) vs. limited gene dispersal along the Antilles Island pathway (Caribbean islands to Florida) supported Florida recolonization from Caribbean mainland sources. Genetic similarity of Northwest Africa and two Caribbean islands provided evidence for trans-Atlantic LDD. We did not find a pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with latitude. CONCLUSIONS: We outline a complex expansion history for R. mangle, with discrete pathways of recolonization for Florida and Caribbean islands. Contrary to expectation, connectivity to putative Caribbean mainland refugial populations via ocean currents, and not latitude, appears to dictate genetic diversity within Caribbean island and Florida R. mangle. These findings provide a framework for further investigation of additional water-dispersed neotropical species, and insights for management initiatives.
Data from: Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat-forming species: implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
Aim: Understanding how historical and contemporary processes shaped and maintain spatial patterns of genetic diversity is a major goal for conservation biologists. Here, we characterized the pattern of neutral genetic diversity and we inferred underlying processes in the habitat-forming octocoral Paramuricea clavata in the Adriatic Sea, a peculiar phylogeographic region of the Mediterranean Sea. Location: Eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. Methods: We genotyped seven microsatellites in 454 individuals of P. clavata from 13 populations recolonized after the last glacial maximum (LGM). We estimated the levels of contemporary connectivity and genetic drift and we reconstructed the demographic history of these populations. Results: The pattern of spatial genetic structure resulted from the combination of hierarchical genetic clusters and isolation by distance (IBD). A significant decrease in genetic diversity and an increase of the frequencies of individual alleles likely due to allele surfing from the south to the north of the area were observed as expected after a postglacial sequential recolonization. Based on maximum likelihood analyses, the foundation of these populations was not linked to dramatic change in population size. Main conclusion: Oceanographic barriers to gene flow combined to the restricted dispersal of P. clavata likely maintain the hierarchical structure and the IBD pattern. We suggest that the latitudinal genetic gradient results from a northward 'serial founder events' recolonization. By integrating patterns and processes, we bridge the gap between the evolutionary and the conservation biology of P. clavata, providing management guidelines, which will benefit the associated coralligenous biodiversity.
The evolutionary history of Cardamine bulbifera shows a successful rapid postglacial Eurasian range expansion in the absence of sexual reproduction
<p>Background and Aims</p> <p>Sexual reproduction is known to drive plant diversification and adaptation. Here we investigate the evolutionary history and spatiotemporal origin of a dodecaploid (2n = 12x = 96) Eurasian deciduous woodland species, <em>Cardamine bulbifera</em>, which reproduces and spreads via vegetative bulb-like structures only. The species has been among the most successful range-expanding understorey woodland plants in Europe, which raises the question of the genetic architecture of its gene pool, since its hexaploid (2n = 6x = 48) but putatively outcrossing closest relative, <em>C. quinquefolia</em>, displays a smaller distribution range in Eastern Europe towards the Caucasus region. <em>Cardamine bulbifera</em> belongs to a small monophyletic clade of four species comprising also <em>C. abchasica</em> (2n = 2x = 16) and <em>C. bipinnata</em> (unknown ploidy) from the Caucasus region.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We sequenced the genomes of the two polyploids and their two putative ancestors using Illumina short-read sequencing technology (×7–8 coverage). Covering the entire distribution range, genomic data were generated for 67 samples of the two polyploids (51 samples of <em>C. bulbifera</em>, 16 samples of <em>C. quinquefolia</em>) and 6 samples of the putative diploid taxa (4 samples of <em>C. abchasica</em>, 2 samples of <em>C. bipinnata</em>) to unravel the evolutionary origin of the polyploid taxa using phylogenetic reconstructions of biparentally and maternally inherited genetic sequence data. Ploidy levels of <em>C. bulbifera</em> and <em>C. quinquefolia</em> were analysed by comparative chromosome painting. We used genetic assignment analysis (STRUCTURE) and approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) modelling to test whether <em>C. bulbifera</em> represents genetically differentiated lineages and addressed the hypothesis of its hybrid origin. Comparative ecological modelling was applied to unravel possible niche differentiation among the two polyploid species.</p> <p>Key Results</p> <p><em>Cardamine bulbifera </em>was shown to be a non-hybridogenous, auto-dodecaploid taxon of early Pleistocene origin, but with a history of past gene flow with its hexaploid sister species <em>C. quinquefolia</em>, likely during the last glacial maximum in shared refuge areas in Eastern Europe towards Western Turkey and the Crimean Peninsula region. The diploid Caucasian endemic <em>C. abchasica</em> is considered an ancestral species, which also provides evidence for the origin of the species complex in the Caucasus region. <em>Cardamine bulbifera</em> successfully expanded its distribution range postglacially towards Central and Western Europe accompanied by a transition to exclusively vegetative propagation.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A transition to vegetative propagation in <em>C</em>. <em>bulbifera</em> is hypothesized as the major innovation to rapidly expand its distribution range following postglacially progressing woodland vegetation throughout Europe. Preceding and introgressive gene flow from its sister species <em>C</em>. <em>quinquefolia</em> in the joint refuge area is documented. This transition and ecological differentiation may have been triggered by preceding introgressive gene flow from its sister species in the joint East European refuge areas.</p>
Fig. 3 a in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 3 a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis based on a 571-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cyt b gene. Only haplotype sequences have been used. Spea bombifrons was used as outgroup. Asterisks denote Bayesian posterior probabilities values: *95–98 %; **99–100 %. b Haplotype network reconstruction of 29 haplotypes of Pelobates fuscus fuscus (W) and of 13 haplotypes of P. f. vespertinus (E), based on the analysis of a 571-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Size of circles is proportional to the number of individuals sharing a given haplotype. The frequency of each haplotype has been computed based on published data (Crottini et al. 2007) and on new sequences
Fig. 1 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 1 Geographic locations of the 59 analyzed populations of Pelobates. The limit of the geographic distribution of Pelobates fuscus is indicated with the solid line. The dashed line indicates the presumptive position of the contact zone between P. f. fuscus
Fig. 7 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 7 Predictive potential niche models (black areas) of Pelobates f. fuscus (a and c) and P. f. vespertinus (b and d) for Last Glacial Maximum based on the MIROC (a and b) and CCSM (c and d) models. Models are above the average 10-percentile training threshold.
Fig. 5 A in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 5 A multilocus cline at four diagnostic allozyme loci along transect in the contact zone of Pelobates fuscus fuscus and P. f. vespertinus. The vertical axis shows the frequency of genetic variants diagnostic for P. f. fuscus (variation diagnostic for P. f. vespertinus is the inverse)
Fig. 2 in Phylogeographic patterns of genetic diversity in the common spadefoot toad, Pelobates fuscus (Anura: Pelobatidae), reveals evolutionary history, postglacial range expansion and secondary contact
Fig. 2 Unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean phenogram (a) and neighbor-joining tree (b) showing genetic (allozyme) relationship among the Pelobates species populations sampled based on Nei's (1978) unbiased genetic distance (DNei); bootstrap values ≥ 70 %. Correspondence analysis of allele frequencies among the studied samples of P. fuscus (c), where dark circles represent P. f. vespertinus samples, gray circles are samples from the contact zone from Kursk Province of Russia, open circles are P. f. fuscus samples from Eastern
Fig. 5 Landscape interpolations for the Plateau a and Piedmont b in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 5 Landscape interpolations for the Plateau a and Piedmont b clades based on genetic differentiation among COI haplotypes. Peaks (reddish colors) represent areas of high genetic diversity and valleys (blue colors) indicate areas of low diversity
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 4 Species distribution models for Vaejovis carolinianus. Results were projected onto LGM conditions from MIROC a and CCSM4 b data sources invoking the model generated using current climates data c. Localities used to test and train the model are indicated by
Fig. 1 in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 1 Map depicting the distribution of Vaejovis carolinianus samples in relation to major rivers in the southeastern United States. Circle color corresponds to mitochondrial haplotypes in Figs. 2 and 3. Circle size is proportional to sample size
Fig. 3 in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 3 Bayesian chronogram, haplotype networks, and Bayesian skyline plots generated with COI data from Vaejovis carolinianus. The chronogram was generated using a rate calibration in BEAST and depicts major V. carolinianus clades. Two large clades, Plateau and Piedmont, are collapsed for clarity. Numbers above nodes indicate posterior probabilities. Mean age estimates and 95% HPD estimates
Fig. 2 in Pliocene origins, Pleistocene refugia, and postglacial range expansions in southern devil scorpions (Vaejovidae: Vaejovis carolinianus)
Fig. 2 Mitochondrial (COI) phylogeny, nuclear (ITS-2) haplotype network, and PCA identifying clades within V. carolinianus. a Bayesian consensus phylogeny generated with COI data in MrBayes. Bayesian posterior probabilities and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values are above nodes. b Median-joining haplotype network
Data from: Postglacial expansion and not human persecution best explains the population structure in the endangered kea (Nestor notabilis)
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The evolutionary history of Cardamine bulbifera shows a successful rapid postglacial Eurasian range expansion in the absence of sexual reproduction
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Data from: Postglacial expansion pathways of red mangrove, Rhizophora mangle, in the Caribbean Basin and Florida
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Data from: On the road: postglacial history and recent expansion of the annual Atriplex tatarica in Europe
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Data from: Postglacial range expansion shaped the spatial genetic structure in a marine habitat-forming species: implications for conservation plans in the Eastern Adriatic Sea
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