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24 results for “preadaptation”
Fig. 1 in The Influence Of Thermal Preadaptation On Some Oxidative Processes In The First Leaves Of Wheat Seedlings (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Heat Stress
Fig. 1. The rate of superoxide (O2˙ˉ) production (µmol/h) in the etiolated first leaves at the early (from 4th to 5th days) and late (from 7th to 8th days) stages of seedlings development.
Fig. 2 in The Influence Of Thermal Preadaptation On Some Oxidative Processes In The First Leaves Of Wheat Seedlings (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Heat Stress
Fig. 2. Catalase activity in the etiolated first leaves at the early (from 4th to 5th days) and late (from 7th to 8th days) stages of seedling development.
Fig. 4 in The Influence Of Thermal Preadaptation On Some Oxidative Processes In The First Leaves Of Wheat Seedlings (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Heat Stress
Fig. 4. Catalase activity in the etiolated first leaves at the (A) early (from 4th to 5th days) and (B) late (from 7th to 8th days) stages of seedling development (C ‒ control 26oC; E ‒ 26oC → 32oC; E1 ‒ 32o→42oC; E2 ‒ 26oC → 42oC).
Fig. 3 in The Influence Of Thermal Preadaptation On Some Oxidative Processes In The First Leaves Of Wheat Seedlings (Triticum Aestivum L.) Under Heat Stress
Fig. 3. The rate of superoxide (O2˙ˉ) production (µmol/h) in the etiolated first leaves at the (A) early (from 4th to 5th days) and (B) late (from 7th to 8th days) stages of seedlings development (C ‒ control 26oC; E ‒ 26oC → 32oC; E1 ‒ 32o→42oC; E2 ‒ 26oC → 42oC).
Foraging shifts and visual preadaptation in ecologically diverse bats
<p>Changes in behaviour may initiate shifts to new adaptive zones, with physical adaptations for novel environments evolving later. While new mutations are commonly considered engines of adaptive change, sensory evolution enabling access to new resources might also arise from standing genetic diversity, and even gene loss. We examine the relative contribution of molecular adaptations, measured by positive and relaxed selection, acting on eye expressed genes associated with shifts to new adaptive zones in ecologically diverse bats from the superfamily Noctilionoidea. Collectively, noctilionoids display remarkable ecological breadth, from highly divergent echolocation to flight strategies linked to specialized insectivory, the parallel evolution of diverse plant-based diets (e.g., nectar, pollen, and fruit) from ancestral insectivory, and –unusually for echolocating bats– often have large, well-developed eyes. We report contrasting levels of positive selection in genes associated with the development, maintenance, and scope of visual function, tracing back to the origins of noctilionoids and Phyllostomidae (the bat family with most dietary diversity), instead of during shifts to novel diets. Generalized plant visiting was not associated with exceptional molecular adaptation, and exploration of these novel niches took place in an ancestral phyllostomid genetic background. In contrast, evidence for positive selection in vision genes was found at subsequent shifts to either nectarivory or frugivory. Thus, neotropical noctilionoids that use visual cues for identifying food and roosts, as well as for orientation, were effectively preadapted, with subsequent molecular adaptations in nectar-feeding lineages and the Stenodermatinae subfamily of fig-eating bats fine-tuning pre-existing visual adaptations for specialized purposes.</p>
Foraging shifts and visual preadaptation in ecologically diverse bats
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The role of preadaptation, propagule pressure and competition in the colonization of new habitats
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Sequestration of defenses against predators drives specialized host plant associations in preadapted milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
<p class="CxSpFirst">Host plant specialization across herbivorous insects varies dramatically, but while the molecular mechanisms of host-plant adaptations are increasingly known, we often lack a comprehensive understanding of the selective forces that favor specialization. The milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae) are engaged in ancestrally specialized associations with plants of the Apocynaceae from which they commonly sequester cardiac glycosides for defense, facilitated by resistant Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPases and adaptations for transport, storage and discharge of toxins. Here, we show that three Lygaeinae species independently colonized four novel non-apocynaceous hosts that convergently produce cardiac glycosides. A fourth species shifted to a new source of toxins by tolerating and sequestering alkaloids from meadow saffron (<i>Colchicum autumnale</i>, Colchicaceae). Across three milkweed bug species tested, feeding on seeds containing toxins did not improve growth or speed of development, and even impaired growth and development in two species, but sequestration mediated protection of milkweed bugs against two natural predators: lacewing larvae and passerine birds. We conclude that physiological preadaptations and convergent phytochemistry facilitated novel specialized host associations. Since toxic seeds did not improve but either impaired growth or at most had neutral effects, selection by predators on sequestration of defenses, rather than the exploitation of additional profitable dietary resources, can lead to obligatory specialized host associations in otherwise generalist insects.</p>
The behavioral responses of the Chiguanco thrush to urbanization in a Neotropical city comes from preadapted behavioral traits
<p>Several animal species can survive within cities by changing their behavior; such changes could be the result of evolutionary adaptation, epigenetic effects, or come from preadapted traits through phenotypic plasticity or non-random dispersal. Exploring whether behavioral preadapted traits are present in non-urbanized populations could improve our understanding of the processes that allow animals to cope with urbanization. We compared the boldness, neophobia, and solving-test skills of adult individuals of the Chiguanco Thrush (Turdus chiguanco) between urban and extra-urban habitats in La Paz (Bolivia), a high-altitude Neotropical city. The urban Chiguanco Thrushes were bolder, less neophobic, and performed better in problem-solving tests. Extra-urban individuals varied significantly more among them in boldness and neophobia, and although a smaller proportion of individuals were able to solve the simplest problem-solving test, they did so in the same way as the urban ones. This evidence suggests that the behavioral responses of the Chiguanco Thrush to urbanization in La Paz come from preadapted traits.</p>
Supplementary material 2 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
List of genera investigated for the analysis including information on generic distribution, coding and references to the literature used :
Data from: Native distribution characteristics rather than functional traits explain preadaptation of invasive species to high-UV-B environments
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Sequestration of defenses against predators drives specialized host plant associations in preadapted milkweed bugs (Heteroptera: Lygaeinae)
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The role of preadapted traits and turfgrass community resistance in Taraxacum officinale invasion success
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The behavioral responses of the Chiguanco thrush to urbanization in a Neotropical city comes from preadapted behavioral traits
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Data from: Fluctuating temperature leads to evolution of thermal generalism and preadaptation to novel environments
Environmental fluctuations can select for generalism, which is also hypothesized to increase organisms' ability to invade novel environments. Here, we show that across a range of temperatures, opportunistic bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens that evolved in fluctuating temperature (daily variation between 24°C and 38°C, mean 31°C) outperforms the strains that evolved in constant temperature (31°C). The growth advantage was also evident in novel environments in the presence of parasitic viruses and predatory protozoans, but less clear in the presence of stressful chemicals. Adaptation to fluctuating temperature also led to reduced virulence in Drosophila melanogaster host, which suggests that generalism can still be costly in terms of reduced fitness in other ecological contexts. While supporting the hypothesis that evolution of generalism is coupled with tolerance to several novel environments, our results also suggest that thermal fluctuations driven by the climate change could affect both species' invasiveness and virulence.
Supplementary material 3 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
Location of the tropical alpine-like climate regions in the Tropics :
Supplementary material 1 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
Detailed examples on how the coding was done :
Figure 3 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
Figure 3 Proportion of plant elements in tropical alpine regions based on generic distribution patterns according to Smith and Cleef (1988).
Figure 1 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
Figure 1 Location of the tropical alpine-like climate regions in the Tropics on a Mercator projection of the world with shaded relief and coloured height based on SRTM data with 1 arc second resolution. Credit: NASA/JPL/NIMA downloaded from http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03395. Detailed maps for each region are included in the Suppl. material 3 (figures S3–S6).
Figure 2 from: Gehrke B (2018) Staying cool: preadaptation to temperate climates required for colonising tropical alpine-like environments. PhytoKeys 96: 111-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.96.13353
Figure 2 Relative contribution of in situ speciation and immigration to species richness in selected tropical alpine regions (pie charts on the left). Blue: in situ speciation, green: colonisation, light blue: uncertainty regarding in situ speciation, light green: uncertainty about colonisation. In the right pie charts, colonisation is further decoupled into species derived from other regions with alpine-like climate (black) and species that originated by colonisation from a different biome (red). Uncertainty is indicated by grey.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.