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Pred-Ex: Long Term Salt Marsh Predator Exclusion Experiment Conducted at Sapelo Island, GA
In southeastern USA salt marshes, short-term and small-scale experiments indicate that a trophic cascade benefits the foundation plant Spartina alterniflora: marine predators (nekton) positively affect plant biomass by consuming snail and crab herbivores. To test how nekton affect marsh processes when the entire animal community is present, and to test how prior results scale up over time, we conducted a 3-year predator exclusion experiment in a Georgia salt marsh using replicated 19.6 m2 plots. We measured the response of changing density for all marsh invertebrates, conducted snail and crab tethering trials, quantified change in marsh grass biomass, and measured tea bag decomposition rate across all plots.
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2021: Impacts of Water Diversions in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (the Delta). Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. Water diversions that support agricultural and municipal use result in fish mortality through entrainment and impingement. Additionally, this infrastructure may attract both predators and prey fishes, thereby increasing predation rates and prey mortality near these anthropogenic contact points. Throughout the spring of 2021, we used ARIS (adaptive resolution imaging sonar; Sound Metrics) sonars to compare piscivore abundance at 30 small water diversions in the north Delta to adjacent shorelines. We used predation event recorders (PERs) to assess the predation risk of juvenile salmonids with linear distance (m) from diversions and other predation drivers in the north Delta. Finally, we used a boat electrofishing survey to determine the piscivore community structure and compare spatial trends in black bass (Micropterus spp.) CPUE and relative abundance throughout these waterways. Piscivore abundance was greater near small water diversions than at adjacent shorelines and the predation risk of juvenile salmonids increased with proximity to diversions. Additionally, predation risk increased with increasing piscivore abundance and decreasing water depth. The north Delta predator community was dominated by black b
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2019: Impacts of Artificial Light At Night in the Sacramento – San Joaquin Delta
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. A recent Literature review and meta-analysis of potential contact points in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta identified artificial lighting at night (ALAN) and submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) as two contact points that have been found to influence predation elsewhere and warrant further study in this river delta (Lehman et al. 2019). Other contact points identified in this review that may affect predation of fall-run Chinook salmon juveniles included water diversions, docks, piers, scour holes, and rip rap; however, the literature on predator prey interactions associated with these contact points is lacking (Lehman et al. 2019). These datasets cover two different experiments in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during spring 2019 from April - June. One experiment focused on artificial illumination and was a paired control impact study where new artificial illumination sources were introduced into the ecosystem. The other experiment relied on existing physical contact points (SAV, docks, pilings, bridges, and diversions) and assessed predation risk as a function of proximity to these points. Both experiments used predation event recorders to quantify relative predation risk and the ALAN experiment used Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar (ARIS) t
Predator Contributions to Belowground Responses to Climate Warming at Harvard Forest 2014
Identifying the factors that control soil CO2 emissions will improve our ability to predict the magnitude of climate change-soil ecosystem feedbacks. Despite the integral role of invertebrates in belowground systems, they are excluded from climate change models. Soil invertebrates have consumptive and non-consumptive effects on microbes, whose respiration accounts for nearly half of soil CO2 emissions. By altering the behavior and abundance of invertebrates that interact with microbes, invertebrate predators may have indirect effects on soil respiration. We examined the effects of a generalist arthropod predator on belowground respiration under different warming scenarios. Based on research suggesting invertebrates may mediate soil CO2 emission responses to warming, we predicted that predator presence would result in increased emissions by negatively affecting these invertebrates. We altered the presence of wolf spiders (Pardosa spp.) in mesocosms containing a forest floor community. To simulate warming, we placed mesocosms of each treatment in ten open-top warming chambers ranging from 1.5 to 5.5° C above ambient at Harvard Forest, MA. As expected, CO2 emissions increased under warming and we found an interactive effect of predator presence and warming, though the effect was not consistent through time. The interaction between predator presence and warming was the inverse of our predictions: mesocosms with predators had lower respiration at higher levels of warming than those without predators. Carbon dioxide emissions were not significantly associated with microbial biomass. We did not find evidence of consumptive effects of predators on the invertebrate community, suggesting that predator presence mediates response of microbial respiration to warming through non-consumptive means. In our system we found a significant interaction between warming and predator presence that warrants further research into mechanism and generality of this pattern to other systems.
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2022: The impact of submerged aquatic vegetation removal on fish predation in a tidal river channel
Proliferation of non-native submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) has the potential to cause widespread ecosystem changes, and has been attributed to declines in native fish populations around the world. One pathway for these declines is non-native SAV may render ecosystems more hospitable to fish predator species by creating habitat structure, by altering lower trophic food webs, or by affecting predator-prey interactions. It is presumed that non-native vegetation removal will generally favor native fish, however, fish community responses to SAV removals are not well understood. Using a field-based Before-After-Control-Impact study design, we measured the impact of manual SAV removals on short-term changes in predator abundance, predation risk on juvenile Chinook salmon ( Oncorhynchus tshawytscha ; a native fish of management concern), and the aerobic scope of predator and prey in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. We found that, while SAV removals decreased abundances of the most common SAV-associated predator, largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ), they resulted in higher predation risk of tethered prey, likely due to the removal of refuge habitat and the immigration of an open-water predator, striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ). SAV removals also buffered against a seasonal decline in environmental oxygen supply, increasing the aerobic scope of juvenile Chinook salmon and largemouth bass; whether such gains for prey would outweigh the persistent aerobic advantage of predators is an open question. While limited in spatial and temporal scope, this study has put into question any short-term benefits of small-scale SAV removal efforts for native fish populations, especially in areas where open-water predator species are abundant.
Relative predation rates on juvenile Chinook Salmon in the lower Stanislaus River, California, 2012-2024 by habitat suitability informed by juvenile Chinook Salmon and black bass observations in the lower Stanislaus and Merced rivers, California, 2012-2017
Overview The purpose of this work was to estimate relative predation on juvenile Chinook Salmon rearing in tributaries of the San Joaquin River, California in relation to meso- and microhabitat factors. Predation rates were estimated using predation bioassays. Ranges of depth and velocity targeted by the bioassays were informed by habitat suitability indices developed prior to field efforts. Juvenile Chinook and Bass Habitat Suitability Indices The purpose of this dataset is to develop habitat suitability indices for juvenile Chinook Salmon (<120mm) on the lower Stanislaus River and nonnative black bass ( Micropterus spp.). on the lower Merced River, both tributaries of the San Joaquin. This data was used to identify target ranges of depth and velocity during predation fieldwork. Occupancy data was collected via snorkel surveys on the lower Stanislaus River in 2018 and 2019 and on the Merced River in 2012 and 2014-2017. Predation Tethering Bioassay Study The purpose of this field study was to estimate relative rates of predation of juvenile Chinook Salmon. Predation rates were estimated using assays of tethered hatchery Chinook Salmon deployed across a range of mesohabitats on the lower Stanislaus River. Habitat suitability was expected to vary across mesohabitats and across depths and velocities sampled within habitats. Cameras were deployed with tethers to identify predators for a subset of predation events happening within the first 1-2 hours of deployment. Assays were deployed monthly March-May in 2022 and 2024. A supplemental set of assays were deployed in May 2023 under wet water year conditions that varied strongly from conditions sampled in 2022 and 2024.
Data of predation on mussels from an LTREB project in the Gulf of Maine, USA, from 1996 to 2021.
Experimental clearings in macroalgal (Ascophyllum nodosum) stands were made in 1996 to determine if mussel beds and macroalgal stands on protected intertidal shores in New England represent alternative community states. Uncleared control plots and four sizes of circular clearings (1m, 2m, 4m and 8m in diameter), which mimicked ice scour events, were established in A. nodosum stands at 12 sites on Swan’s Island, Maine, USA. This dataset reports mussel predation on clumps of 15 mussels (Mytilus edulis) using mesh bags placed in the centers of clearings and controls. Mussel mortality was monitored in 1996, 1999, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2007 and then annually from 2010 to 2021. Causes of death were attributed to dogwhelks (Nucella lapillus), crabs (Carcinus maenas and Cancer spp.) or unknown causes. Presence and activities (e.g., drilling) of dogwhelks was also recorded. The standardized identifiers (Bay, Site, Plot) allow integration with related Environmental Data Initiative packages on community composition and recruitment of mussels, barnacles and rockweeds. Research was funded by NSF's LTREB program.
Movements of aquatic predators within the Shark River estuary (FCE LTER), Everglades National Park, South Florida, USA, June 2007 - ongoing
In South Florida, the allocation of freshwater resources is a constant source of debate. Stakeholders competing for freshwater include agriculture, rapidly growing urban populations, and the natural environment with its associated ecosystem services. Among these services, one of the most valuable is the provisioning of coastal recreational fisheries, which generates roughly $8 billion annually in angler expenditures in Florida alone. Yet, the interplay between freshwater allocation and the sustainability of these coastal fisheries remains poorly understood. One pathway of influence is through the availability of resources and food. Seasonal rainfall and freshwater management drive pulses of freshwater marsh prey into estuaries, creating short-lived but abundant foraging opportunities. Previous research has shown that these prey pulses occur primarily in the inland reaches of the estuary, providing resources for recreationally and ecologically important consumers such as the Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis), Florida Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), Atlantic Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus), Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas), and American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). However, it is unclear how far these species move to exploit this subsidy, or whether such pulses increase reproductive output and long-term population stability. Further, sea level rise is changing how economically and ecologically important taxa use estuarine environments. To address these questions, we use acoustic telemetry to track the multi-year (2007–present) movements of key estuarine taxa, including Common Snook, Florida Largemouth Bass, American Alligator, and Bull Shark, within the Shark River Estuary of Everglades National Park. This multi-species approach expands our focus from freshwater and estuarine predators to include apex predators that link freshwater, estuarine, and marine ecosystems. From a science perspective, our research provides
Biocomplexity at North Temperate Lakes LTER; Coordinated Field Studies: Predation Study Data 2000 - 2004
These data were collected to track changes in dietary composition, changes in age and growth structure, and changes in species and size of prey of fish predators in Sparkling Lake, Vilas County, WI, USA. Sampling began in May of 2000 and ended in September of 2004. Fish were collected with a boat-mounted electrofishing system, usually by conducting a complete lap around Sparkling Lake shortly after dark. Commonly captured species were rock bass, smallmouth bass, and walleye. Less common species were pumpkinseed sunfish and yellow perch. Dietary Composition: Fish stomach contents were collected by gastric lavage, and fish were released after capture. Stomach contents were sorted and counted by major taxonomic groups, dried in polystyrene weighboats at 57 deg C for 48hrs, and then weighed to 0.001g. The count under a taxonomic group heading indicates how many individuals of that group were found in that diet sample. The mass of that group is given in the adjacent ''net wt'' column. Diets varied across sampling dates and years, with a trend towards decreased abundance of the exotics rusty crayfish and rainbow smelt and increased reliance on native minnows. Prey Data: Fish stomach contents were collected by gastric lavage, and fish were released after capture. Once collected, crayfish and fish prey were measured unless advanced digestion had occurred. If possible, the carapace, right chela and left chela of crayfish prey were measured . Due to digestion, it was usually not possible to get all three measurements. The total length of prey fish was recorded. Young-of-year smelt and crayfish were often too small or digested to measure; these were often just counted. Gut labels on each sampling date correspond with the same gut labels in other datasets. Prey fish and crayfish size and composition varied across sampling dates and years, with a trend towards decreased abundance of rusty crayfish and rainbow smelt and increased reliance on native minnows. Age Growth Data: Scale
LTREB: Lake Myvatn Predation experiments at Myvatn, Iceland during 2009 and 2011
Changes in one prey species' density can indirectly affect the abundance of another prey species if a shared predator eats both species leading to positive or negative indirect effects. In some cases, indirect effects may occur when prey move into a habitat, such as when riparian predator populations grow in response to adult aquatic insects and increase predation on terrestrial prey. However, predators could instead switch to aquatic insects or become satiated, reducing predation on terrestrial prey. To determine the net indirect effect of aquatic insects on terrestrial arthropods via generalist spider predators, we conducted a field experiment using enclosures on the shoreline of an Icelandic lake with numerous aquatic midges. Midge abundance and wolf spider density were altered to mimic midge influx and a wolf spider numerical response. At all predator densities, the presence of midges decreased rates of predation on terrestrial prey. When midges were absent, predation was 30percent greater at high spider density. But when midges were present, predation of sentinel prey was equal across spider densities, negating the influence of increased predator density. In lab mesocosms, prey survivorship increased greater or equal 50percent where midges were present and rapidly saturated; the addition of 5, 20, 50 and 100 midges equivalently reduced spider predation, supporting predator distraction rather than satiation as the root cause. Our results demonstrate a strong positive indirect effect of midges, and broadly support the concept that predator responses to alternative prey are a major influence on the magnitude and direction of predator-mediated indirect effects.
California's Central Valley Project Improvement Act Predation Contact Point Study - 2022: Predator-prey interactions under low artificial lighting in a laboratory setting
The highest rates of piscivorous predation in the field have been recorded during crepuscular light levels associated with sunrise and sunset or artificial lighting at night (ALAN). We conducted a laboratory study where groups of predator-naïve, hatchery-raised juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to natural-origin piscivorous largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under three light treatments representative of brighter crepuscular periods or direct ALAN illumination (“high” treatment), dimmer crepuscular periods or sky glow from ALAN (“medium” treatment), and night or no ALAN (“low” treatment). We then statistically evaluated potential associations between light treatment, prey group cohesion, and predator activity.
Data from: Cascading effects of apex predator recovery on rodent foraging activity and seed predation
This dataset was collected to examine the effects of apex predator presence on post-dispersal seed predation and rodent foraging behavior in Mediterranean ecosystems of southern Spain. The study focused on the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) as a top predator capable of altering mesopredator and small mammal communities through cascading interactions. We used the fleshy-fruited tree Pyrus bourgaeana as a model species and conducted a seed predation experiment in two areas with and without lynx presence. A total of 1152 seeds were placed in 144 seed depots across forest and open habitats and three microhabitat types (rock, shrub, and open ground). Rodent activity and foraging behavior were monitored using 36 camera traps installed at a subset of seed depots, and rodent abundance was estimated with live trapping one week later. The dataset includes seed predation counts, camera-trap records of rodent visits, live-trapping results, and vegetation cover estimates. These data allow investigation of how predation risk and habitat structure influence rodent activity and post-dispersal seed predation dynamics in Mediterranean landscapes.
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Growth-predation risk trade-offs constrain the local distribution of a thicket-forming staghorn coral to marginal reef habitats; Data for Ladd et al., 2025, Scientific Reports.
This dataset is in support of the manuscript: Growth-predation risk tradeoffs constrain the local distribution of a thicket-forming staghorn coral to marginal reef habitats. These data were collected to 1) document how Acropora pulchra is distributed around the island of Moorea, and 2) to better understand the ecological processes that shape that distribution. Data include 1) results from surveys around the island of Moorea documenting the presence and size distribution of Acropora pulchra thickets, 2) results from an experiment measuring the growth and survivorship of Acropora pulchra fragments in the presence and absence of fish predators at nearshore fringing reef sites and adjacent sites in the mid lagoon (n = 20 sites in total), and 3) ancillary data on nitrogen content and dN15 in the tissue of the macroalgae Turbinaria ornata, sediment accumulation, and corallivore biomass at the experimental sites. All data were collected in 2016 and 2017.
Meta-analysis reveals controls on oyster predation 1977-2021
This dataset was created for investigating the patterns and drivers of variation in predation strength on oysters. Predation on oysters has been the subject of intense study because oysters are vital to creating coastal habitat, sustaining biodiversity, and enhancing or stabilizing important ecosystem functions. Understanding how predators affect oyster populations is important given the global decline in oysters and the substantial efforts focused on re-establishment and conservation. Despite widespread losses of oyster reefs, there have been no standardized and integrated quantitative assessments of the influence of predators on oysters. Therefore, this dataset was created by combining the results of 49 peer-reviewed articles reporting 384 experiments on oyster predation. These field and laboratory experiments tested whether the presence of predators affects oyster mortality or recruitment. The combined data was used in a meta-analysis, the results of which are published in the paper titled Meta-analysis reveals controls on oyster predation (Tedford and Castorani 2022), which represents the first quantitative synthesis to show that across a range of environments, predators have strong impacts on oysters.
The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika's Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators
<p>Data associated with the manuscript "The genetic population structure of Lake Tanganyika’s Lates species flock, an endemic radiation of pelagic top predators," where we investigate the genetic population structure of the four endemic <em>Lates </em>species in Lake Tanganyika.</p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Life history traits are important in shaping gene flow within species and can thus determine whether a species exhibits genetic homogeneity or population structure across its range. Understanding genetic connectivity plays a crucial role in species conservation decisions, and genetic connectivity is an important component of modern fisheries management in fishes exploited for human consumption. In this study, we investigated the population genetics of four endemic <em>Lates</em> species of Lake Tanganyika (<em>Lates stappersii</em>, <em>L. microlepis</em>, <em>L. mariae</em> and <em>L. angustifrons</em>), using reduced-representation genomic sequencing methods. We find the four species to be strongly differentiated from one another, with no evidence for contemporary admixture. We also find evidence for high levels of genetic structure within <em>L. mariae</em>, with the majority of individuals from the most southern sampling site forming a genetic group distinct from the individuals at other sampling sites<em>.</em> We find evidence for much weaker structure within the other three species, <em>L. stappersii,</em> <em>L. microlepis</em>, and <em>L. angustifrons</em>, although small and unbalanced sample sizes and imprecise geographic sampling locations may hinder our ability to detect weak population structure. We call for further research into the origins of the genetic differentiation that we observe in these four species, particularly that of <em>L. mariae</em>, which may be important for the conservation and management of this species.</p> <p>Code associated with the analysis of these data can be found on GitHub at <a href="https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen">https://github.com/jessicarick/lates-popgen</a>.</p>
The predator problem and PCR primers in molecular dietary analysis: swamped or silenced; depth or breadth? - Dataset
<p>Raw sequencing data and other metadata files are associated with Cuff et al. (2022), available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4708418</p> <p>The associated code, files and description pertain to the non-metric multi-dimensional scaling plot presented in this review (Figure 4). The code and data required for the boxplot (Figure 3) are given at the Zenodo link above (for Cuff et al. 2022).</p> <p>Data were collected and processed according to Cuff et al., (2022) up to the point of aggregating the two primer pair datasets. Binary matrices for prey detections were combined for the two primer pairs, but each sample represented separately for each primer pair (i.e., not aggregated by sample). Instances where taxa were only identified to genus (or lower, e.g., family) level by only one of the primer pairs resulted in aggregation for the other primer pair at that taxonomic level, except for species within those groups that were reliably identified to species level by both primers. Samples for which only one primer pair generated prey data were removed. The non-metric multidimensional scaling spider plot was created using ‘metaMDS’ with a Jaccard distance matrix and 999 tries in the ‘vegan’ package (Oksanen et al., 2016). Outliers that obscured the overall patterns were removed, the final plot having a stress of 0.061. Point colours were assigned using the ‘set1’ palette of the ‘RColorBrewer’ package (Neuwirth, 2014) and the final plot created using ‘ggplot2’ (Wickham, 2016).</p>
Data in: Reduced predation and energy flux in soil food webs by introduced tree species
<p>The introduction of non-native tree species has become a global concern and may disruptnative communities and related ecosystem functions. Soil food webs regulate organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling in forests with their feeding activities, butevaluating consequences of tree species introduction on soil invertebrates is challengingdue to the complex trophic structure and wide range in body size of soil invertebrates. Here, we employed an energetic food web approach, and estimated the energy flux in soil food webs using a four-node model including soil meso- and macrofauna decomposers and predators. We examined pure and mixed stands of native European beech (<em>Fagus sylvatica</em>), introduced Douglas fir (<em>Pseudotsuga menziesii</em>) and native range-expanding Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) across site conditions. Compared to native forests, introduced tree species reduced total mass of macrofauna predators by 92% at sandy sites but not that of decomposers, suggesting trophic downgrading in soil food webs by Douglas fir. The energy flux in mixed forests was intermediate between respective monocultures, suggesting that tree mixtures mitigate potential negative impacts of introduced tree species on food web functioning. Across size classes, soil macrofauna responded more sensitively to changes in environmental conditions than soil mesofauna. Despite the lower total mass, the energy flux through mesofauna outweighed that through macrofauna when consideringenergy loss to predators, highlighting the importance of mesofauna for decomposition processes in forest soil food webs. Additionally, total energy flux positively correlated with species richness, pointing to the significance of soil biodiversity for trophic functionality. Overall, the study emphasizes the critical role of tree species composition, site conditionsand soil biodiversity in driving energy flux through soil food webs and maintaining forest ecosystem functions.</p>
Datasets and R source code of manuscript "Parasites make hosts more profitable but less available to predators"
<p>Data about experimentations of DIV-1 (virus) infection on Daphnia magna.</p> <p>Linked article: Parasites make hosts more profitable but less available to predators</p>
CVPIA Predation Contact Point Study - 2020: Impacts of Artificial Light At Night in the Upper Sacramento River
The Central Valley Project Improvement Act (CVPIA) has led to the implementation of a Decision Support Model (DSM) to assist in the prioritization of CVPIA restoration actions. The fall-run Chinook salmon DSM depends on a coarse-resolution salmon life-cycle model to predict the population benefits of different restoration actions and scenarios. One critical element of the life-cycle model is how to incorporate predation mortality during the juvenile rearing and outmigration portion of the salmon life-cycle in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Of particular importance to potential restoration activities, is the predation mortality that occurs in proximity to, and as a result of contact points between predator and prey fishes. Sacramento River winter-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are a genetically distinct Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) with a unique life history and are listed as endangered at both state and federal levels. Predation of juvenile winter-run by piscivorous fishes is considered to be an important stressor that may reduce the population size of this ESU. Notably, the presence of artificial illumination at night (ALAN) has been shown to aggregate and slow out-migrating salmonids and increase predation by piscivores, and may be an important contact point affecting winter-run Chinook salmon, especially given the vast majority of winter-run Chinook salmon are born and rear within the city limits of Redding, CA. Perhaps the most significant source of ALAN in this region of the Sacramento River is the iconic Sundial Bridge. This bridge is illuminated at night and regional biologists have long been concerned on its potential impacts on winter-run Chinook salmon, as mediated through predation by Rainbow Trout. We therefore performed a field-based experiment to better inform this management concern. To assess the impacts of Sundial Bridge ALAN on fishes, our first objective was to determine whether variable ALAN intensities altered the relati
REU data set from summer of 2022. Project was designed to understand how crayfish (Faxonius rusticus) respond to chemical cues from largemouth bass predators under different shelter distributions.
Research into predator–prey interactions has focused on the landscape of fear and nonconsumptive effects that result from prey responses. Prey behavior is influenced by predator presence and the location and quality of foraging resources in habitats. These areas have been fruitful, but the role of prey refuges has lagged. We investigated how refuge spatial distribution and quality influence prey behavior. To determine the role of the landscape of safety (LOS) in prey decision-making, we altered spatial relationships between refuges, refuge quality, and predation threats in mesocosms. Mesocosms were constructed such that prey only received predatory chemical cues. We employed a behavioral assay including largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides (Lacepède, 1802): predator) and virile crayfish (Faxonius rusticus (Girard, 1852): prey). Crayfish shelter use was significantly influenced by quality and spatial relationship of shelters to predatory threats, and the interaction of these two factors. Particularly, crayfish used high-quality shelters more often when located closer to predatory cues than farther away and did not use low-quality shelters more than controls. High-quality shelter usage decreased as threat level (measured by gape ratio) decreased. These results support the idea that prey utilize an LOS, and information contained in these two landscapes may alter behavioral decisions.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.