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6 results for “predator outbreak”
Data from: Intraspecific predator inhibition, not a prey size refuge, enables oyster population persistence during predator outbreaks
Predators commonly structure natural communities, but predation effects can vary greatly. For example, increasing predator densities may not reduce prey populations as expected if intraspecific predator interactions suppress foraging efficiency or if prey size refuges exist. In northeastern Florida (USA), outbreaks of the predatory crown conch Melongena corona have contributed to declines in oyster populations and the commercial oyster fishery. However, despite expectations of oyster population collapse, reefs have persisted, albeit with reduced adult oyster size and living reef biomass. To investigate the mechanism(s) underlying this unexpected persistence, we used field observations and experiments to examine the effects of predator density and prey size on predation rates. Multi-year surveys indicated that large oysters did not experience a predation size refuge, and further suggested that predation rates declined with increased predator density. Consistent with field surveys, field experiments demonstrated that conchs selectively consumed larger oysters (potentially explaining the absence of large oysters on natural reefs) and that high conch densities suppressed per capita predation rates, likely due to intraspecific antagonistic interactions. A Type III ratio-dependent model best described the experimental conch functional response, explaining >50% of the variation in per capita prey consumption and including a signal of reduced attack rates at high predator densities. Thus, although large aggregations of predators have the potential to deplete prey populations, our study illustrates intraspecific predator interactions that possibly prevent the local extirpation of an important habitat-forming prey species.
Fig. 1 in Ephemeral and Localized Outbreaks of the Coral Predator Acanthaster cf. solaris in the Southwestern Lagoon of New Caledonia
Fig. 1. Map of the study site showing the location of the 19 sampling stations in New Caledonia's southern lagoon - including all major reef habitats - where abundance of crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) populations were monitored. Stations where abundance was higher than the outbreak threshold of 40 ind. per 20 min swim are indicated in red. Stations in yellow are those where 1 to 5 ind. per 20 min swim were recorded, and in green, stations where abundances were always <1 ind. per 20 min swim. Stations 1 and 2 are located on coastal fringing reefs, stations 3 to 13 on mid-shelf reefs, stations 14 to 17 on the inner-shelf barrier reefs, and stations 18 and 19 on the outer-reef slopes.
Fig. 3 in Ephemeral and Localized Outbreaks of the Coral Predator Acanthaster cf. solaris in the Southwestern Lagoon of New Caledonia
Fig. 3. Recent impacts of crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) populations on coral assemblages. Variation in the number of coral colonies presenting white feeding scars representative of COTS predation (white colonies recently preyed upon) among stations. Error bars represent the standard error. Color code for stations is as in figure 1.
Fig. 2 in Ephemeral and Localized Outbreaks of the Coral Predator Acanthaster cf. solaris in the Southwestern Lagoon of New Caledonia
Fig. 2. Spatio-temporal dynamics of crown-of-thorns seastar (COTS) abundance in New Caledonia's southern lagoon. Points represent the mean abundance (log-scale), and error bars the standard error. Horizontal dotted lines indicate the outbreak threshold of 40 ind. per 20 min swim. Color code for stations is as in figure 1.
Data from: Intraspecific predator inhibition, not a prey size refuge, enables oyster population persistence during predator outbreaks
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Data from: Local and regional stressors interact to drive a salinization-induced outbreak of predators on oyster reefs
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