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8 results for “predator satiation”
Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
<p><span>The animal dispersal hypothesis predicts that mast seeding can increase dispersal rate of seeds by dispersers and enhance reproductive success of plants. However, in contrast to pollination efficiency and predator satiation hypothesis, the animal dispersal hypothesis has received mixed support. </span></p> <p><span>Using 12-year data on fruit production and seedling recruitment of a fleshy-fruited tree rowan (<em>Sorbus aucuparia</em>, Rosaceae), we tested if an increase in the fruit production at the population level results in higher proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. Recruitment was recorded near (under rowans) and far (under heterospecifics) from conspecifics. Higher recruitment rates under rowans would support predator satiation hypothesis. Higher recruitment rates under heterospecific trees, where fruits can only arrive with animal assistance, would support animal dispersal hypothesis.</span></p> <p><span>High population-level fruit production increased the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings both near and far from rowans. In contrast, high individual-level fruit production did not have a positive effect on the proportion of fruits recruiting into seedlings. </span></p> <p><span>Synthesis. Population-level synchronization of fruit production is required to generate a more effective plant regeneration. Our findings show that masting enhances seedling recruitment through predator satiation and increased seed dispersal by frugivores. The results provide support for both animal dispersal and predator satiation hypotheses indicating that both mechanisms can operate simultaneously.</span></p>
Data from: The selective advantage of a mast-flowering behavior in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis
<p><strong><span>Premise</span></strong><span>: The synchronous highly variable flower or seed production among years within a population– i.e., masting – has been reported in numerous perennial plants. Although ecological advantages of masting are recognized as the enhancement of pollination efficiency and/or escape from predator attack, little is known about the degree of these advantages and the variation in masting behavior among populations of conspecific plants.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span>: </span><span>We observed flowering ramet density and reproductive success (fruit-set success and herbivorous damage) of a perennial herb, <em>Veratrum</em> <em>album</em> subsp. <em>oxysepalum</em>, across six lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan during 2–3 years. We then analyzed the relationship between floral density and reproductive success to clarify the ecological significance of mast flowering. Furthermore, flowering intervals of individual plants were estimated by counting annual scars on rhizomes.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span>: </span><span>Mast flowering was observed in most populations, but flowering intervals of individual plants were shorter in the alpine populations compared with the lowland populations. Floral damage by stem borers (dipteran larvae) and seed predation by lepidopteran larvae were intense in the lowland populations. The seed production of individual ramets increased with higher floral density owing to the effective avoidance of floral-stem damage and seed predation. Although stem borers were absent in alpine habitat, seed predation decreased with higher floral density also in the alpine populations. Pollination success was independent of floral density in both the alpine and lowland populations. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span>: </span><span>These results strongly support the predator satiation hypothesis for the mast flowering behavior in this species.</span></p>
Data from: The selective advantage of a mast-flowering behavior in Veratrum album subsp. oxysepalum: Implications of the predator satiation hypothesis
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Data from: Masting increases seedling recruitment near and far: predator satiation and improved dispersal in a fleshy-fruited tree
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Data from: The adaptive value of gluttony: predators mediate the life history trade-offs of satiation threshold
Animals vary greatly in their tendency to consume large meals. Yet, whether or how meal size influences fitness in wild populations is infrequently considered. Using a predator exclusion, marked-recapture experiment, we estimated selection on the amount of food accepted during an ad libitum feeding bout (hereafter termed "satiation threshold") in the wolf spider Schizocosa ocreata. Individually marked, size-matched females of known satiation threshold were assigned to predator exclusion and predator inclusions treatments and tracked for a 40 day period. We also estimated the narrow sense heritability of satiation threshold using dam on female offspring regression. In the absence of predation, high satiation threshold was positively associated with larger and faster egg case production. However, these selective advantages were lost when predators were present. We estimated the heritability of satiation threshold to be 0.56. Taken together, our results suggest that satiation threshold can respond to selection and begets a life history trade-off in this system: high satiation threshold individuals tend to produce larger egg cases but also suffer increased susceptibility to predation.
Data from: Experimental duration and predator satiation levels systematically affect functional response parameters
Empirical feeding studies where density-dependent consumption rates are fitted to functional response models are often used to parameterize the interaction strengths in models of population or food-web dynamics. However, the relationship between functional response parameter estimates from short-term feeding studies and real-world, long-term, trophic interaction strengths remains largely unexamined. In a critical first step to address this void, we tested for systematic effects of experimental duration and predator satiation on the estimate of functional response parameters, namely attack rate and handling time. Analyzing a large data set covering a wide range of predator taxa and body masses we show that attack rates decrease with increasing experimental duration, and that handling times of starved predators are consistently shorter than those of satiated predators. Therefore, both the experimental duration and the predator satiation level have a strong and systematic impact on the predictions of population dynamics and food-web stability. Our study highlights potential pitfalls at the intersection of empirical and theoretical applications of functional responses. We conclude our study with some practical suggestions for how these implications should be addressed in the future to improve predictive abilities and realism in models of predator-prey interactions.
Data from: The adaptive value of gluttony: predators mediate the life history trade-offs of satiation threshold
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Data from: Experimental duration and predator satiation levels systematically affect functional response parameters
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