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19 results for “predatory behaviour”
Figure 7 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 7. Drawing of the skull and anterior cervicals of Panthera tigris (top) and Homotherium latidens (bottom) with fibres of selected muscles. Muscle numbering as in Figs 1–5. A black circle in the condylar area represents the position of the rotation centre of the atlanto-occipital articulation. Notice how, in Homotherium, most fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis extend well below that centre of rotation, and would therefore have a stronger head-flexing action. Notice also how the greater distance between the posterior tip of the atlas wings and the tip of the mastoid process in Homotherium makes for longer inferior fibres of the obliquus capitis cranialis muscle.
Figure 6 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 6. Photographs of the mastoid region of skull in female lion, Panthera leo (top) and scimitar-toothed cat, Homotherium latidens (bottom) from Incarcal, Spain (IN-I 929). Note that the back of the skull is broken in the fossil. Muscle insertion areas are marked; muscle numbering as in Figs 1–5. M, mastoid process; P, paroccipital process.
Figure 5 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 5. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in a lioness. The posterior portion of the temporalis muscle has been removed to make visible the nuchal region of skull and neck muscles attaching to it. 7, deep extensors of the neck, including rectus capitis dorsalis major and minor; Am, auditory meatus; Mp, mastoid process; Nc, nuchal crest. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck of a male puma in ventral view. 9, m. rectus capitis lateralis.
Figure 4 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 4. (A) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles of the neck in male tiger. 5, m. obliquus capitis caudalis; 6, m. obliquus capitis cranialis; 8, m. digastricus; At, lateral border of the atlas wings; Ax, dorsal border of axis. (B) Photograph and schematic representation of deep muscles in a male puma. f, additional superficial fibres of m. obliquus capitis cranialis, dorsal to the atlas wing.
Figure 2 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 2. Photograph and schematic representation of superficial layer of head and neck muscles of male puma. 1, m. brachiocephalicus.
Figure 1 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 1. Schematic drawing of the skull and cervical vertebrae of the scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens showing the hypothetical motions of the stabbing bite (top) and the canine shear bite (bottom). In the first case the main rotation is around a point behind the thoraco-cervical joint (white circle) and the posterior cervicals, whereas in the second case, the main rotation occurs at the atlantooccipital joint (white circle). In the stabbing model (top), the pull of the brachiocephalic muscles (single headed arrow) and of the scalenes (two headed arrow) provides the main force for the strike. In the canine shear-bite model (bottom), the pull of the atlanto-mastoid muscles (short two-headed arrow) is the most important force for the penetration of the upper canines.
PredCheck: Detecting Predatory Behaviour in Scholarly World
<p>Dataset used in the paper "PredCheck: Detecting Predatory Behaviour in Scholarly World" accepted at JCDL 2020 as a poster.<br> <br> Abstract: High solicitation for publishing a paper in scientific journals has led to the emergence of a large number of open-access predatory publishers. They fail to provide a rigorous peer-review process, thereby diluting the quality of research work and charge high article processing fees. Identification of such publishers has remained a challenge due to the vast diversity of the scholarly publishing ecosystem. Earlier works utilises only the objective features such as metadata. In this work, we aim to explore the possibility of identifying predatory behaviour through text-based features. We propose PredCheck, a four-step classificaton pipeline. The first classifier identifies the subject of the paper using TF-IDF vectors. Based on the subject of the paper, the Doc2Vec embeddings of the text are found. These embeddings are then fed into a Naive Bayes classifier that identifies the text to be predatory or non-predatory. Our pipeline gives a macro accuracy of 95% and an F1-score of 0.89.</p>
Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
<p>Prey-predator interactions have resulted in the evolution of many anti-predatory traits. One of them is the ability of prey to listen to predators and avoid them. Although prey anti-predatory behavioural responses to predator auditory cues are well described in a wide range of taxa, studies on whether butterflies change their behaviours in response to their predatory calls are lacking. <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies are unpalatable and form Müllerian mimicry rings as morphological defence strategies against their avian predators. Like many other butterflies in the <em>Nymphalidae </em>family, some <em>Heliconius </em>butterflies possess auditory organs, which are hypothesized to assist with predator detection. Here we test whether <em>Heliconius melpomene </em>changes their behaviour in response to their predatory bird calls by observing the behaviour of male and female <em>H. m. plessini </em>exposed to calls of <em>Heliconius</em> avian predators: rufous-tailed jacamar, migratory Eastern kingbird, and resident tropical kingbird. We also exposed them to the calls of the toco toucan, a frugivorous bird as a control bird call, and an amplified greenhouse background noise as a noise control. We found that individuals<em> </em>changed their behaviour in response to Jacamar calls only. Males increased their walking and fluttering behaviour, while females did not change their behaviour during the playback of the jacamar call. Intersexual behaviours like courtship, copulation, and abdomen lifting did not change in response to bird calls. Our findings suggest that despite having primary predatory defences like toxicity and being in a mimicry ring, <em>H. m. plessini </em>butterflies changed their behaviour in response to predator calls. Furthermore, this response was predator-specific, as <em>H. m. plesseni</em> did not respond to either the Eastern kingbird or the tropic kingbird calls. This suggests that <em>Heliconius</em> butterflies may be able to differentiate predatory calls, and potentially the birds associated with those calls.</p>
The influence of food web structure and foraging behaviour on visual system traits in a predatory freshwater fish
<p>Dataset used in the manuscript titled "The influence of food web structure and foraging behaviour on visual system traits in a predatory freshwater fish" Dataset includes lake trout visual system traits, body size, and food web structural attributes sampled from four different lakes in Algonquin, ON, Canada.</p>
Behavioural changes in aposematic Heliconius melpomene butterflies in response to their predatory bird calls
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Figure 1 in Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?
Figure 1. Flowchart showing the steps of predation in Deltochilum c. viridescens on Spirobolida diplopods.
Figure 2 in Predatory behaviour in Deltochilum: convergent evolution or a primitive character within a clade?
Figure 2. Different stages of feeding behaviour of Deltochilum c. viridescens. (A) Approach and recognition of diplopod; (B) prey attack stage; (C) reaction of the beetle after releasing the defensive substance of diplopod; (D) on-site feeding stage; (E) millipede allocation stage; (F) feeding with alternative resource (fish carcass).
F in Predatory behaviour of gekkonid lizards, Ptyodactylus spp., towards the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, and their tolerance of its venom
F. 2. Adult male gecko, Ptyodactylus puiseuxi, from the Golan, handling scorpions, Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus (measured without the metasoma or 'tail'), in the observation arena. (a) Manipulating a 15 mm-long scorpion, after initial grabbing and releasing. (b) Grabbing an 11 mm-long scorpion crosswise. (c) This 13 mm-long scorpion was grabbed crosswise with pincers and tail jutting out, and after being held for 100 s is being swallowed. (d) Manipulation towards swallowing a 15 mm-long scorpion, after initial grabbing and releasing.
F in Predatory behaviour of gekkonid lizards, Ptyodactylus spp., towards the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus hebraeus, and their tolerance of its venom
F. 1. Scorpions in the stomach contents of a gecko, adult female Ptyodactylus guttatus from Sede Boqer (from the material of Perry, 1979). The contents included 16 termites, three scorpions, three isopodes and two myriapodes (scale, cm and mm).
Data from: Ground squirrel tail-flag displays alter both predatory strike and ambush site selection behaviours of rattlesnakes
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Data from: Fine-scale analysis of an assassin bug's behaviour: predatory strategies to bypass the sensory systems of prey
Some predators sidestep environments that render them conspicuous to the sensory systems of prey. However, these challenging environments are unavoidable for certain predators. Stenolemus giraffa is an assassin bug that feeds on web-building spiders; the web is the environment in which this predator finds its prey, but it also forms part of its preys' sophisticated sensory apparatus, blurring the distinction between environment and sensory systems. Stenolemus giraffa needs to break threads in the web that obstruct its path to the spiders, and such vibrations can alert the spiders. Using laser vibrometry, this study demonstrates how S. giraffa avoids alerting the spiders during its approach. When breaking threads, S. giraffa attenuates the vibrations produced by holding on to the loose ends of the broken thread and causing them to sag prior to release. In addition, S. giraffa releases the loose ends of a broken thread one at a time (after several seconds or minutes) and in this way spaces out the production of vibrations in time. Furthermore, S. giraffa was found to maximally reduce the amplitude of vibrations when breaking threads that are prone to produce louder vibrations. Finally, S. giraffa preferred to break threads in the presence of wind, suggesting that this araneophagic insect exploits environmental noise that temporarily impairs the spiders' ability to detect vibrations. The predatory behaviour of S. giraffa seems to be adaptated in intricate manner for bypassing the sophisticated sensory systems of web-building spiders. These findings illustrate how the physical characteristics of the environment, along with the sensory systems of prey can shape the predatory strategies of animals.
Figure 3 in Implications of the mastoid anatomy of larger extant felids for the evolution and predatory behaviour of sabretoothed cats (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae)
Figure 3. Photograph and schematic representation of intermediate plane of neck muscles of male puma. 2, m. trapezius; 3, m. splenius; 4, m. sternomastoideus.
Data from: Active prey mixing as an explanation for polyphagy in predatory arthropods: synergistic dietary effects on egg production despite a behavioural cost
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Data from: Fine-scale analysis of an assassin bug's behaviour: predatory strategies to bypass the sensory systems of prey
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.