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77 results for “prey size”
Data from “Larval and juvenile Longfin Smelt diets as a function of fish size and prey density in the San Francisco Estuary”
This publication includes the raw data from the manuscript: Lojkovic Burris, Z. P., R. D. Baxter, and C. E. Burdi. 2022. Larval and juvenile Longfin Smelt diets as a function of fish size and prey density in the San Francisco Estuary. California Fish and Wildlife Journal 108:e11. http://www.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.108.11 Data includes the diets of larval and juvenile Longfin Smelt in the San Francisco Estuary from 2005 to 2008 in the form of diet by number, diet by weight, macroinvertebrate prey lengths, prey length-weight equations, and prey weight conversions.
Data for: Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size
<p>Data and R code for "Competition, prey, and mortalities influence gray wolf group size" by Sells et al. (2022, Journal of Wildlife Management). The datasets can be used with the included R code to re-create analyses and figures from Sells et al. (2022). The metadata file describes each column in the datasets.</p>
FIGURE 6 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 6. Morphological traits of the basihyal and thyrohyal among the Chaeomysticeti separated by prey types. Boxes gray in colour are extinct baleen whales, which ID number 4, 8, 11, 33, 40, 53, 61, 70 in Table 2 are used here. Piscobalaena nana shows two different types of phylogenetic hypotheses (see in cladogram section).
FIGURE 5 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 5. Same results as in Figure 4 with 90% confidence intervals for combinations of prey capture tactics and prey types. Numbers and letters are IDs and abbreviations of scientific names (see Table 2).
FIGURE 4 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 4. The results of principal component analysis. Ovals represent 90% confidence intervals for prey types of the extant taxa. Diagrams of the shape changes in the positive directions are given along each axis. Numbers and letters are IDs and abbreviations of scientific names (see Table 2).
FIGURE 3 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 3. Outlines of analyzed true baleen whale specimens. Numbers are given in Table 1 and Appendix 1. Abbreviations mean prey capture tactics (Sk: Skim, Mu: Multiple, Lu: Lunge) and prey types (Sm: Small, Bo: both large and small prey, La: Large, Un: Unknown).
FIGURE 2 in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 2. Example semi-landmark in the ventral view of the basihyal and thyrohyal with anatomical terms. The one of Balaenoptera musculus number 66 in Table 1 is used. The origins for the muscles were modified from Schulte (1916) with minor modification following Reidenberg and Laitman (1994) on the omohyoid muscle insertion.
FIGURE 1. A in A feeding organ the basihyal and thyrohyal tells which size of prey do true baleen whales (Cetacea, Chaeomysticeti) eat
FIGURE 1. A. Prey size of baleen whales modified from Gaskin (1982) with prey information in Jefferson et al. (2008). B. Modern baleen whale phylogeny and information of prey types + prey capture tactics. Phylogeny was combined the tree of the Balaenopteridae in Rosel et al. (2021) and the tree in Steeman et al. (2009) for the relationships of others.
Moonlight synchronous flights across three western palearctic swifts mirror size dependent prey preferences
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Recent studies have suggested the presence of moonlight mediated behaviour in avian aerial insectivores, such as swifts. At the same time swift species also show differences in prey (size) preferences. Here, we use the combined analysis of state-of-the-art activity logger data across three swift species, the Common, Pallid and Alpine swifts, to quantify flight height and activity responses to crepuscular and nocturnal light conditions. Our results show a significant response in flight heights to moonlight illuminance for Common and Pallid swifts, while a moonlight driven response is absent in Alpine swifts. Swift flight responses followed the size dependent altitude gradient of their insect prey. We show a weak relationship between night-time illuminance driven responses and twilight ascending behaviour, suggesting a decoupling of both crepuscular and night-time behaviour. We suggest that swifts optimise their flight behaviour to adapt to favourable night-time light conditions, driven by light responsive and size-dependent vertical insect stratification and weather conditions.</p> <blockquote> <p>You are required to cite both the Zenodo data repository as well as the BioRXiv pre-print when using this data, as:</p> <p>Hufkens et al. 2023. Moonlight synchronous flights across three western palearctic swifts mirror size dependent prey preferences. doi://10.5281/zenodo.7814214</p> <p>Hufkens et al. 2023. Moonlight synchronous flights across three western palearctic swifts mirror size dependent prey preferences. bioRxiv 2023.04.25.538243; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.04.25.538243</p> </blockquote> <p><strong>Use</strong></p> <p>This is a deposited version of the releases on Github.</p> <p>Either download this Zenodo repository or clone or download the project Github <a href="https://github.com/bluegreen-labs/swift_lunar_synchrony/archive/refs/heads/main.zip">zip file</a>.</p> <pre><code class="language-bash">git clone https://github.com/bluegreen-labs/swift_lunar_synchrony.git</code></pre> <p>Unzip the downloaded data if required. The repository is an `R` project and can be opened in <a href="https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/">RStudio</a>, which will set the correct relative path.</p> <p><strong>Data structure & analysis</strong></p> <p>Analysis data is saved as compressed R serial files (.rds) in the <a href="https://github.com/bluegreen-labs/swift_lunar_synchrony/tree/main/data">`data` folder</a>. Scripts to reproduce the main statistical results are provided in the <a href="https://github.com/bluegreen-labs/swift_lunar_synchrony/tree/main/analysis">`analysis` folder</a>. A matching render of the analysis using the shared data is provided as <a href="http://bluegreen-labs.github.io/swift_lunar_synchrony/">dynamic webpage</a>.</p> <p><strong>Licensing</strong></p> <p>Be mindful of the CC-BY 4.0 license of the data and figures. Reuse is permitted on the condition of proper attribution and documentation of any changes.</p>
Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
<p>Trophic interactions underpin the structure of ecological communities by describing the rate at which consumers exploit their resources. The rates at which predators consume their prey are influenced by prey traits, with many species inducing defensive modifications to prey traits following the threat of predation. Here we use different clonal lines of the protist <em>Paramecium</em> being consumed by <em>Stenostomum</em> predators to highlight how differences in prey traits impact rates of predation. Clonal lines differed in their body width traits and in their ability to induce changes in body width. By using a factorial cross of predator and prey abundances for different clonal lines we demonstrate how evolutionary or induced alterations in prey traits can impact the relative threat of predation. Our experiments show how interference among predators impacts predation rate and how increased body width increased predator handling times. Given that reductions in the strength of interspecific interactions are associated with increased levels of overall community stability, our results indicate how individual-level changes may scale up to impact whole communities. </p>
Predator home range size mediates indirect interactions between prey species in an arctic vertebrate community
<ol> <li>Indirect interactions are widespread among prey species that share a common predator, but the underlying mechanisms driving these interactions are often unclear, and our ability to predict their outcome is limited. </li> <li>Changes in behavioural traits that impact predator space use could be a key proximal mechanism mediating indirect interactions, but there is little empirical evidence of the causes and consequences of such behavioural-numerical response in multi-species systems. </li> <li>Here, we investigate the complex ecological relationships between seven prey species sharing a common predator. We used a path analysis approach on a comprehensive 9-year dataset simultaneously tracking predator space use, prey densities, and prey mortality rate on key species of a simplified Arctic food-web. </li> <li>We show that high availability of a clumped and spatially predictable prey (goose eggs) leads to a two-fold reduction in predator (arctic fox) home range size, which increases local predator density and strongly decreases nest survival of an incidental prey (American golden plover). On the other hand, a scattered cyclic prey with potentially lower spatial predictability (lemming) had a weaker effect on fox space use and an overall positive impact on the survival of incidental prey.</li> <li>These contrasting effects underline the importance of studying behavioural responses of predators in multi-prey systems and to explicitly integrate behavioural-numerical responses in multi-species predator-prey models.</li> </ol>
Data from: Predator-prey Interactions of Terrestrial Invertebrates are Determined by Predator Body Size and Species Identity
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Data from: Spider venom potency exhibits phylogenetic prey-specificity but does not trade-off with body size or silk use in prey capture
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Relative size matters: Eyespots on large insect prey deter small arthropod predators
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Predator home range size mediates indirect interactions between prey species in an arctic vertebrate community
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Data and code for: Changes in prey body size differentially reduces predation risk across predator and prey abundances
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Data from: Influence of intra- and interspecific variation in predator-prey body size ratios on trophic interaction strengths
<p>1. Predation is a pervasive force that structures food webs and directly influences ecosystem functioning. The relative body sizes of predators and prey may be an important determinant of interaction strengths. However, studies quantifying the combined influence of intra- and interspecific variation in predator-prey body size ratios are lacking.</p> <p>2. We use a comparative functional response approach to examine interaction strengths between three size classes of invasive bluegill and largemouth bass towards three scaled size classes of their tilapia prey. We then quantify the influence of intra- and interspecific predator-prey body mass ratios on the scaling of attack rates and handling times.</p> <p>3. Type II functional responses were displayed by both predators across all predator and prey size classes. Largemouth bass consumed more than bluegill at small and intermediate predator size classes, whilst large predators of both species were more similar. Small prey were most vulnerable overall, however differential attack rates among prey were emergent across predator sizes. For both bluegill and largemouth bass, small predators exhibited higher attack rates towards small and intermediate prey sizes, whilst larger predators exhibited greater attack rates towards large prey. Conversely, handling times increased with prey size, with small bluegill exhibiting particularly low feeding rates towards medium-large prey types. Attack rates for both predators peaked unimodally at intermediate predator-prey body mass ratios, whilst handling times generally shortened across increasing body mass ratios.</p> <p>4. We thus demonstrate effects of body size ratios on predator-prey interaction strengths between key fish species, with attack rates and handling times dependent on the relative sizes of predator-prey participants.</p> <p>5. Considerations for intra- and interspecific body size ratio effects are critical for predicting the strengths of interactions within ecosystems and may drive differential ecological impacts among invasive species as size ratios shift.</p>
Data from: The sources of variation for individual prey-to-predator size ratios
<p>The relative body size at which predators are willing to attack prey, a key trait for predator-prey interactions, is usually considered invariant. However, this ratio can vary widely among individuals or populations. Identifying the range and origin of such variation is key to understanding the strength and constraints on selection in both predators and prey. Still, these sources of variation remain largely unknown. We filled this gap by measuring the genetic, maternal and environmental variation of the maximum prey-to-predator size ratio (PPSRmax) in juveniles of the wolf spider Lycosa fasciiventris using a paternal half-sib split brood design, in which each male was paired with two different females and the offspring reared in two different food environments: poor and rich. Each juvenile spider was then sequentially offered crickets of decreasing size and the maximum prey size killed was determined. We also measured body size and body condition of spiders upon emergence and just before the trial. We found low, but significant heritability (h2=0.069) and dominance and common environmental variance (d2+4c2=0.056). PPSRmax was also partially explained by body condition (during trial) but there was no effect of the rearing food environment. Finally, a maternal correlation between body size early in life and PPSRmax indicated that offspring born larger were less predisposed to feed on larger prey later in life. Therefore, PPSRmax, a central trait in ecosystems, can vary widely and this variation is due to different sources, with important consequences for changes in this trait in the short and long terms.</p>
Data from: Parental overproduction allows siblicidal bird to adjust brood size to climate-driven prey variation
<p>Parental overproduction is hypothesized to hedge against uncertainty over food availability and stochastic death of offspring and to improve brood fitness. Understanding the evolution of overproduction requires quantifying its benefits to parents across a wide range of ecological conditions, which has rarely been done. Using a multiple hypotheses approach and 30 years of data, we evaluated the benefits of overproduction in the Blue-footed booby, a seabird that lays up to three eggs asynchronously, resulting in an aggressive brood hierarchy that facilitates the death of last-hatched chicks under low food abundance. Results support the resource-tracking hypothesis, as low prey abundance (estimated from sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration) led to rapid brood reduction. The insurance hypothesis was supported in broods of three, where last-hatched chicks' survival increased after a sibling's death. Conversely, in broods of two, results suggested that parents abandoned last-hatched chicks following first-hatched chicks' deaths. No direct evidence supported the facilitation hypothesis: the presence of a last-hatched chick during development did not enhance its sibling's fitness in the short or long term. The value of last-hatched offspring to parents, as "extra" or "insurance" varied with indices of food abundance, brood size, and parental age. Ninety percent of overproduction benefits came from enabling parents to capitalize on favorable conditions by fledging additional offspring. Our study provides insight into the forces driving overproduction, explaining the adaptiveness of this apparently wasteful behavior and allowing us to better predict how overproduction's benefits might be modified by ocean warming.</p>
Percentage of individuals per size class of available prey for Setophaga petechia gundlachi
<p>Supplemetary materials 3. Percentage of individuals per size class of available prey for <em>Setophaga petechia gundlachi </em>during the reproductive season in Bajo de Santa Ana (n = 159) and Laguna de Cobre-Itabo (n = 813) of Havana, Cuba.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.