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74 results for “problem-solving”
Remarkable Problem-Solving Ability of Unicellular Amoeboid Organism and its Mechanism
<p>Supplementary Materials of "Remarkable Problem-Solving Ability of Unicellular Amoeboid Organism and its Mechanism."</p>
Pilot Study of Peer-Supported Online Problem-Solving Program
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03555435. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Enhanced Problem-Solving Training
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03759223. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Thinking outside the box: problem-solving in free-living lizards
<p>Despite evidence that organisms are more likely to exhibit their full range of cognitive abilities under conditions found in nature, studies evaluating cognition under such conditions remain rare, particularly in vertebrate species. Here we conducted an experiment to evaluate problem solving and motor-self regulation in free-living arboreal lizards, Anolis sagrei, under natural conditions. We presented lizards with a novel detour problem which challenged individuals to circumvent a transparent barrier in order to obtain a food reward. Individuals varied in their ability to solve the detour problem. Furthermore, those that solved the problem were able to improve their performance across trials by modifying the natural response of attempting to strike the reward trough the transparent barrier, providing evidence of motor self-regulation. Solving the problem required individuals to modify their typical foraging behavior, as approaching the prey in a single burst of movement that culminated with an attack was an unsuccessful strategy. Contrary to expectations our findings provide evidence of motor self-regulation in a visually-oriented, sit-and-wait predator under natural conditions, suggesting motor-self-regulation is not limited by foraging strategy. Our results also underscore the need to evaluate the cognitive abilities of free-living organisms in the wild, particularly for taxa that perform poorly under laboratory conditions.</p>
Problem-solving skills are predicted by innovations in the wild and brain size in Passerines
<p>Code and dataset for the article "<strong>Problem-solving skills are predicted by innovations in the wild and brain size in Passerines</strong>"</p>
Data for: Serotonin transporter (SERT) polymorphisms, personality and problem-solving in urban great tits
<p class="CxSpFirst"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Understanding underlying genetic variation can elucidate how diversity in behavioral phenotypes evolves and is maintained. Genes in the serotonergic signaling pathway, including the serotonin transporter gene (<i>SERT)</i>, are candidates for affecting animal personality, cognition and fitness. In a model species, the great tit (<i>Parus major</i>), we reevaluated previous findings suggesting relationships between <i>SERT</i> polymorphisms, neophobia, exploratory behavior and fitness parameters, and performed a first test of the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SERT and problem-solving in birds. We found some evidence for associations between <i>SERT </i>SNPs and neophobia, exploratory behavior and laying date. Furthermore, several SNPs were associated with behavioral patterns and success rates during obstacle removal problem-solving tests performed at nest boxes. In females, minor allele homozygotes (AA) for nonsynonymous SNP226 in exon 1 made fewer incorrect attempts and were more likely to problem-solve. In both sexes, there was some evidence that minor allele homozygotes (CC) for SNP84 in exon 9 were more likely to problem-solve. Only one SNP-behavior relationship was statistically significant after correcting for multiple comparisons, but several were associated with substantial effect sizes. Our study provides a foundation for future research on the genetic basis of behavioral and cognitive variation in wild animal populations. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Results outputs for "Beyond the Hype: Identifying and Analyzing Math Word Problem-Solving Challenges for Large Language Models"
<p>The provided files contain outputs generated by various Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving problems in the SVAMP dataset. Additionally, they include tagged statements of problems that LLMs incorrectly resolved.</p> <p>This repository includes the following two files:</p> <ul> <li>all_data.json --> Contains the generated samples for the SVAMP dataset.</li> <li>df_combined.pkl --> Contains the tagged SVAMP statements of problems that CodeLlama failed to resolve.</li> </ul>
Data for: Representation of rewards differing in their hedonic valence in the caudate nucleus correlates with the performance in a problem-solving task in dogs (Canis familiaris)
<p>Abstract</p> <p>We have investigated dogs’ (<em>Canis familiaris</em>) abilities in associating different sounds with food rewards of different incentive value. The establishment of the association was tested in a problem-solving behavioural paradigm, as well as in an fMRI study on the same subjects (N=20). The aim was to show behavioural, as well as parallel neural effects of the association formation between the two sounds and two different associated food rewards.<br> The latency of solving the problem was considered as an indicator of motivational state. In our behaviour study we found that dogs were quicker in solving a problem upon hearing the sound associated with food higher in reward value, suggesting that they have successfully associated the sounds with the corresponding food value. In the fMRI study, the cerebral response to the two sounds was compared both before and after the associative training. Two bilateral regions of interest were explored: the caudate nucleus and the amygdala. After the associative training the response in the caudate nucleus was higher to the sound related to a higher reward value food than to the sound related to a lower reward value food, which difference was not present before the associative training. We found an increase in the amygdala response to both sounds after the training. In a whole-brain representational similarity analysis, we found that cerebral patterns in the caudate nucleus to the two sounds were different only after the training. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between the dissimilarity index in the caudate nucleus for activation responses to the two sounds and the difference in latencies to solve the behavioural task: the quicker the dog solved the behavioural task the greater the difference in the neural representation of the two sounds was. In summary, family dogs’ brain activation patterns reflected their expectations based on what they learned about the relationship between two sounds and their associated rewards.</p> <p>This dataset contains</p> <ul> <li>Raw data (four functional runs n = 20)</li> <li>Dog brain template</li> <li>ROI results (Caudate nucleus and amygdala percentage of BOLD signal change and caudate nucleus response to sounds during the two post-training runs adding or not the Inter-scan interval as a covariate in the GLM model n = 20,)</li> <li>RSA results ( Dissimilarity change between sounds (post-training > pre-training) and dissimilarity index per participant n = 20)</li> </ul>
Bright IDEAS - Young Adults Problem-Solving Skills Training
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04585269. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Feasibility Trial of a Problem-Solving Weight Loss Mobile Application
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02192905. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Problem-Solving Skills Training to Improve Care for Children With Asthma
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00250588. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data for: Serotonin transporter (SERT) polymorphisms, personality and problem-solving in urban great tits
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Effects of behavioural types on the problem-solving performance of wild house mice under controlled and semi-natural conditions
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Data from: Thinking outside the box: problem-solving in free-living lizards
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Data from: The relationship between plumage colouration, problem-solving and learning performance in great tits Parus major
Recent studies suggest that individuals with better problem-solving and/or learning performance have greater reproductive success, and that individuals may thus benefit from choosing mates based on these performances. However, directly assessing these performances in candidate mates could be difficult. Instead, the use of indirect cues related to problem-solving and/or learning performance, such as condition-dependent phenotypic traits, might be favored. We investigated whether problem-solving and learning performance on a novel non-foraging task correlated with sexually selected plumage colouration in a natural population of great tits Parus major. We found that males successful in solving the task had darker blue-black crowns than non-solvers, and that males solving the task more rapidly over multiple attempts (i.e. learners) exhibited blue-black crowns with higher UV chroma and shorter-wavelength hues than non-learners. In contrast, we found no link between behavioural performance on the task and the yellow breast colouration in either sex. Our findings suggest that blue-black crown colouration could serve as a signal of problem-solving and learning performance in wild great tit males. Further research remains necessary to determine whether different sexually selected traits are used to signal cognitive performance for mate choice, either directly (i.e. cognitive performance influencing individual's health and ornamentation through diet for example) or indirectly (i.e. due to a correlation with a third factor such as individual quality or condition).
Links between personality traits and problem-solving performance in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
<p><span>Consistent individual differences in behaviour across time or contexts (i.e., personality types) have been found in many species and have implications for fitness. Likewise, individual variation in cognitive abilities has been shown to impact fitness. Cognition and personality are complex, multidimensional traits. However, p</span><span>revious work has generally examined the connection between a single personality trait and a single cognitive ability, yielding equivocal results. Links between personality and cognitive ability suggest that behavioural traits coevolved and highlight their nuanced connections. Here we examined individuals' performance on multiple personality tests and repeated problem-solving tests (each measuring innovative performance). </span>We assessed behavioural traits (dominance, boldness, activity, risk-taking, aggressiveness, and obstinacy) in 41 captive zebra finches. Birds' scores for boldness and obstinacy were consistent over two years. We also examined whether personality correlated with problem-solving performance on repeated tests. Our results indicate that neophobia, dominance, and obstinacy were related to successful solving, and less dominant, more obstinate birds solved the tasks quicker on average. Our results indicate the importance of examining multiple measures over a long period. <span>Future work that identifies links between personality and innovation in non-model organisms may elucidate the coevolution of these two forms of individual differences.</span></p>
Foraging on anthropogenic food predicts problem-solving skills in a seabird
<p>Species and populations with greater cognitive performance are more successful at adapting to changing habitats. Accordingly, urban species and populations often outperform their rural counterparts on problem-solving tests. Paradoxically, urban foraging also might be detrimental to the development and integrity of animals' brains because anthropogenic foods often lack essential nutrients such as the long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which are important for cognitive performance in mammals and possibly birds. We tested whether urbanization or consumption of EPA and DHA are associated with problem-solving abilities in ring-billed gulls, a seabird that historically exploited marine environments rich in omega-3 fatty acids but now also thrives in urban centres. Using incubating adults nesting across a range of rural to urban colonies with equal access to the ocean, we tested whether urban gulls preferentially consumed anthropogenic food while rural nesters relied on marine organisms. As we expected individual variation in foraging habits within nesting location, we characterized each captured gulls' diet using stable isotope and fatty acid analyses of their red blood cells. To test their problem-solving abilities, we presented the sampled birds with a horizontal rendition of the string-pull test, a foraging puzzle often used in animal cognitive studies. The isotopic and fatty acid profiles of urban nesters indicated a diet comprising primarily anthropogenic food, whereas the profiles of rural nesters indicated a high reliance on marine organisms. Despite the gulls' degree of access to urban foraging habitat not predicting solving success, birds with biochemical profiles reflecting anthropogenic food (less DHA and a higher carbon-13 ratio in their red blood cells) had a greater probability of solving the string-pull test. These results suggest that experience foraging on anthropogenic food is the main explanatory factor leading to successful problem-solving, while regular consumption of omega-3s during incubation appears inconsequential.</p>
Assessing user stories: the influence of template differences and gender-related problem-solving styles - Supplemental material
<p>Here we include the supplementary material that may be used as a replication package for the quasi-experiment reported in the paper "Assessing user stories: the influence of template differences and gender-related problem-solving styles", submitted to REJ Special Issue - RE 2021.</p>
Supplementary Movie of "Remarkable Problem-Solving Ability of Unicellular Amoeboid Organism and its Mechanism"
<p>Supplementary Movie of "Remarkable Problem-Solving Ability of Unicellular Amoeboid Organism and its Mechanism"</p>
Maternal Problem-Solving in Childhood Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00234793. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.