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41 results for “public goods”
Incentive mechanisms and the provision of public goods: Field experiment data for testing alternative economic frameworks to supply ecosystem restoration on Virginia's Eastern Shore: 2008 data.
This dataset consists of participant responses in one of two economic experiments conducted on Virginia's Eastern Shore during 2008 and 2009 by Elizabeth C. Smith used to gauge resident preferences and willingness-to-pay for ecosystem restoration activities. This dataset was designed to be used to examine a practical method to implement an individualized pricing approach to public good provision, grounded in Lindahl's marginal benefit theory. The study's focus was on ecosystem valuation and market approaches that have potential to provide public goods, examining the potential to generate revenues for public goods from consumers. While willingness-to-pay measurement techniques have been used to assess preferences for many environmental goods, this research goes a step further to explore real money auctions that generate revenues sufficient to pay for restoration activities. The data from the field experiments conducted in coastal Virginia were used, along with laboratory experiment data, to evaluate the performance of auction mechanisms in generating revenues relative to potential (Hicksian) willingness to pay for marginal increments in public goods. The field execution of this experiment involved residents of Virginia's Eastern Shore and local public goods. This application involved half-acre increments of ecosystem restoration for sea grass habitat in coastal lagoons, plantings for migratory bird habitat, and, in some auctions, clam-based increments of water quality services, defined as delaying the harvest of clams for six months beyond normal harvest by an existing aquaculture firm. To perform these tasks, participants were provided a budget, between $90 and $150. The auctioneer described for participants the ecosystem services that may result from additional ecosystem restoration associated with each activity. The actual levels of ecosystem restoration provided were based on aggregate offers reaching a pre-determined (but unknown to the participants) provision p
Incentive mechanisms and the provision of public goods: Field experiment data for testing alternative economic frameworks to supply ecosystem restoration on Virginia's Eastern Shore: 2009 data.
This dataset consists of participant responses in one of two economic experiments conducted on Virginia's Eastern Shore during 2008 and 2009 by Elizabeth C. Smith used to gauge resident preferences and willingness-to-pay for ecosystem restoration activities. This dataset was designed to be used to examine a practical method to implement an individualized pricing approach to public good provision, grounded in Lindahl's marginal benefit theory. The study's focus was on ecosystem valuation and market approaches that have potential to provide public goods, examining the potential to generate revenues for public goods from consumers. While willingness-to-pay measurement techniques have been used to assess preferences for many environmental goods, this research goes a step further to explore real money auctions that generate revenues sufficient to pay for restoration activities. The data from the field experiments conducted in coastal Virginia were used, along with laboratory experiment data, to evaluate the performance of auction mechanisms in generating revenues relative to potential (Hicksian) willingness to pay for marginal increments in public goods. The field execution of this experiment involved residents of Virginia's Eastern Shore and local public goods. This application involved half-acre increments of ecosystem restoration for sea grass habitat in coastal lagoons, plantings for migratory bird habitat, and, in some auctions, clam-based increments of water quality services, defined as delaying the harvest of clams for six months beyond normal harvest by an existing aquaculture firm. To perform these tasks, participants were provided a budget, between $90 and $150. The auctioneer described for participants the ecosystem services that may result from additional ecosystem restoration associated with each activity. The actual levels of ecosystem restoration provided were based on aggregate offers reaching a pre-determined (but unknown to the participants) provision p
Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games
<pre>This dataset accompanies the paper "Group size effects and critical mass in public goods games", https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41988-3 It records participant decisions in a set of binary one-shot Public Goods Games with curvilinear payoff function (see details in the paper). The explanation of the data fields is present also in the metadata of the file: # Cooperation: 0=defection, 1=cooperation, 99=the participant did not make the decision # Group: interacting group size (N) # Treatment: Critical Mass Nc # dropout: 1=the participant did not make the decision, 0=the participant made the decision # incompleted: 1=participant did not make all the decisions of the experiment; 0=participant did made all the decisions of the experiment # female: 1=female, 0=male </pre> <p> </p>
Large scale and information effects on cooperation in public good games
<pre>This dataset accompanies the paper "Large scale and information effects on cooperation in public good games", https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50964-w It records participant decisions in a set of Public Goods Games (see details in the paper). Explanation of the data fields: #participant_id: identification number for each participant in each treatment #player_alive: (for each round) 1=participant is still playing; 0=participant has been banned for forgetting three decisions or did not show up the first day. #group_avg_contribution: Average contribution #player_contribution: participant individual contribution to the PGG #round_number: round number #gender #age #treatment: see the publication for details regarding the different treatments # IBSEN metadata # 2017A2ECOCOOPANSA01ONL0000ESPMAD </pre>
Adirondack Public Good Events Database: Natural Resource, Environmental, Economic and Recreation Policy and Common Pool Resources for a Social-Ecological System in Adirondack Park, New York, USA, 1760-2020.
I assembled this dataset from various published sources to evaluate how the social-ecological system (SES) in Adirondack Park, New York changed through time and the interplay of public goods (Common Pool Resources, CPRs), public land rules and private land rights, and related concepts over 260 years (1760-2020). The database was the basis for a doctoral dissertation titled "Blue Lining: Assessing the Resilience of Adirondack Park, New York Using Polycentricity and Panarchy Frameworks." The goal of the dissertation was to assess patterns and changes in institutional rules, actors and arrangements before and after establishment of the public Adirondack Forest Preserve in 1885 and Adirondack Park in 1892 as those actors and rules were modified and as both internal and external events influenced the SES as it moved through different phases of the adaptive cycle through space and time (see panarchy). Using the database, I identified which organizations and events contributed to natural resource and CPR policy. The dissertation can be downloaded here: https://experts.esf.edu/esploro/outputs/99917370604826.
Replication package: Dataset and stata-do-file for analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities"
<p>This dataset was used for the analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities". The data was collected in Namibia in 2017 as part of the SASSCAL research project by Nils Christian Hoenow and Adrian Pourviseh as members of the Chair for Development and Cooperative Economics at the University of Marburg. Funded by the Southern African Science Service Center for Climate Change and Adaptive Land-UseManagement (SASSCAL) through the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Grant No. 01LG1201B).</p> <p> </p> <p>Article Title: Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities </p> <p>Authors: Nils Christian Hoenow* and Adrian Pourviseh**</p> <p> </p> <p>*RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany and & School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>**School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>Abstract: <br>Communication is well-known to increase cooperation rates in social dilemma situations, but the exact mechanisms behind this remain largely unclear. This study examines the impact of communication on public good provisioning in an artefactual field experiment conducted with 216 villagers from small, rural communities in northern Namibia. In line with previous experimental findings, we observe a strong increase in cooperation when face-to-face communication is allowed before decision-making. We additionally introduce a condition in which participants cannot discuss the dilemma but talk to their group members about an unrelated topic prior to learning about the<br>public good game. It turns out that this condition already leads to higher cooperation rates, albeit not as high as in the condition in which discussions about the social dilemma are possible. The setting in small communities also allows investigating the effects of pre-existing social relationships between group members and their interaction with communication.We find that both types of communication are primarily effective among socially more distant group members, which suggests that communication and social ties work as substitutes in increasing cooperation. Further analyses rule out better comprehension of the game and increased mutual expectations of one’s group members’ contributions as drivers for the communication effect. Finally, we discuss the role of personal and injunctive norms to keep commitments made during discussions.</p>
Siderophores drive invasion dynamics in bacterial communities through their dual role as public good versus public bad
<p>Microbial invasions can compromise ecosystem services and spur dysbiosis and disease in hosts. Nevertheless, the mechanisms determining invasion outcomes often remain unclear. Here, we examine the role of iron-scavenging siderophores in driving invasions of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> into resident communities of environmental pseudomonads. Siderophores can be "public goods" by delivering iron to individuals possessing matching receptors; but they can also be "public bads" by withholding iron from competitors lacking these receptors. Accordingly, siderophores should either promote or impede invasion, depending on their effects on invader and resident growth. Using supernatant feeding and invasion assays, we show that invasion success indeed increased when the invader could use its siderophores to inhibit (public bad) rather than stimulate (public good) resident growth. Conversely, invasion success decreased the more the invader was inhibited by the residents' siderophores. Our findings identify siderophores as a major driver of invasion dynamics in bacterial communities under iron-limited conditions.</p>
Supporting Data: Voting on the threat of exclusion in a public goods experiment
<p>Additional material for the paper:</p> <p>Dannenberg, A., Haita-Falah, C. & Zitzelsberger, S. Voting on the threat of exclusion in a public goods experiment. Exp Econ 21, 266; 10.1007/s10683-019-09609-y (2019).</p> <p> </p>
Interspecific social interactions shape public goods production in natural microbial communities
<p>The R code (Hesse_etal.R) descibes step by step how metal polution affects the ecology and evolution of a community-wide public good – the production of metal-detoxifying siderophores. This code accompanies the manuscript "Interspecific interactions shape public goods production in natural microbial communities" (https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/710715v1).</p> <p>The R code is divided into different sections per figure (1-5 and supplementary Figure S1). Each section first starts with reading in the appropriate data files (cvs files) and continues with statistics and plotting of figures.</p>
Dataset for Evolution of Cooperation in Costly Institutions: Red Queen and Black Queen Dynamics in Heterogenous Public Goods
<p>This dataset contains the Matlab codes used in "Evolution of Cooperation in Costly Institutions: Red Queen and Black Queen Dynamics in Heterogenous Public Goods".</p> <p>The zip file contains Matlab codes used in simulation and numerical solutions of the replicator dynamics. The zip file "Figures" contains the Matlab code and data used to produce figures in this study.</p>
Siderophores drive invasion dynamics in bacterial communities through their dual role as public good versus public bad
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The public goods game on multiplex networks
<p>The code and data used to create the figures in chapters 3-7 in the thesis "The public goods game on multiplex networks". The data is labelled for which figure it corresponds to.</p>
Supplementary data on learning about German farmers' willingness to cooperate from public goods games and expert predictions
<p>Supplemental files on learning about German farmers' willingness to cooperate from public goods games and expert predictions. </p>
Centralized Punishment in Public Good Experiments
<p>The data is of the economic experiment, namely the Public Goods Game with centralized punishment conducted in Georgia in October 2020. The experiment was conducted online via LIONESS web-based software. The experiment was conducted in Georgian Language. The data is translated from Georgian language into English language as well as the instructions used in the experiment. The participants were mostly students of different major. The data consist of three treatments: (1) Control treatment - a standard Public Goods Game (PPG) of 10 rounds; (2) I&P9090 and (3) I&P9010 treatments of two stage PGG with centralized punishment mechanism with different probabilities of punishment of free riders, each stage was of 10 rounds, in stage 1 participants play PGG with centralized punishment and in stage 2 players play standard PGG of ten rounds. All three treatments were partner treatments with constant group composition. </p>
Data and experiment files from: Payoff-based learning best explains the rate of decline in cooperation across 237 public-goods games
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Data from: Resource heterogeneity and the evolution of public-goods cooperation
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Data from: Cooperative investment in public goods is kin directed in communal nests of social birds
The tragedy of the commons predicts social collapse when public goods are jointly exploited by individuals attempting to maximise their fitness at the expense of other social group members. However, animal societies have evolved many times despite this vulnerability to exploitation by selfish individuals. Kin selection offers a solution to this social dilemma, but in large social groups mean relatedness is often low. Sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) live in large colonies that share the benefits of a massive communal nest, which requires individual investment for construction and maintenance. Here, we show that despite low mean kinship within colonies, relatives are spatially and socially clustered and that nest-building males have higher local relatedness to other colony members than do non-building males. Alternative hypotheses received little support, so we conclude that the benefits of the public good are shared with kin and that cooperative investment is, despite the large size and low relatedness of these communities, kin-directed.
Second-order cooperation: cooperative offspring as a living public good arising from second-order selection on non-cooperative individuals
<p>Code and data for Frénoy et al 2017, in Evolution (Second-order cooperation: cooperative offspring as a living public good arising from second-order selection on non-cooperative individuals)</p>
Replication package for `How Do Voters Respond to Welfare vis-a-vis Public Good Programs? Theory and Evidence of Political Clientelism'
<p>Contents of Replication Package:</p> <p>Readme file, Data Dictionary, Household Codes (do, csv and dta files), VillageYear Codes (do, csv and data files), folders containing maps, survey details and replication output</p>
Cooperation in public goods game does not require assortment and depends on population density
<p>The threshold public goods game is one of the best-known models of nonlinear public goods dilemmas. Cooperators and defectors typically coexist in this game when the population is assumed to follow the so-called structured deme model. In this paper we develop a dynamical model of a general N-player game in which there is no deme structure: individuals interact with randomly chosen neighbours and selection occurs between randomly chosen pairs of indi- viduals. We show that in the deterministic limit the dynamics in this model leads to the same replicator dynamics as in the structured deme model, i.e. coexistence of cooperators and defectors is typical in threshold public goods game even when the population is completely well-mixed. We extend the model to study the effect of density dependence and density fluctuation on the dynamics. We show analytically and numerically that decreasing population density increases the equilibrium frequency of cooperators till the fixation of this strategy, but below a critical density coop- erators abruptly disappear from the population. Our numerical investigations show that weak density fluctuations enhance cooperation, while strong fluctuations suppress it.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.