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18 results for “purple sea urchin”
Effects of paternal temperature on larval performance in purple sea urchin
The data is used to support the manuscript “Leach, T. S., Hofmann, G. E. (2023). Marine heatwave temperatures enhance larval performance but are meditated by paternal thermal history and inter-individual differences in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Frontiers in Physiology. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1230590”
SBC LTER: Effect of algal diet on consumption, growth, and gonad weight of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus pupuratus)
Data are for an experiment evaluating the effects of algal diet on consumption, growth, and gonad weight of an important kelp forest grazer, the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus pupuratus over a 13 week period (November 2010 - February 2011). Four co-occurring species of macroalgae known to be part of its diet were offered: two kelps Macrocystis pyrifera and Pterygophora californica, and the red algae Chondracanthus corymbiferus and Rhodymenia californica. During 9 consectutive trials in a controlled laboratory setting, we measured consumption, test (exoskeleton) growth, jaw growth, change in whole body wet weight and gonad weight of urchins fed one of five experimental diets. The algae chosen represent a large proportion (> 75%) of the algal biomass in Santa Barbara Channel reefs (California, USA). Changes in the availability of these four species of macroalgae could have large implications for the performance of purple sea urchins and consequently, for the structure of subtidal reef communities. These data are presented in a paper describing the effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on the consumption, growth and gonad weight of the purple sea urchin: Matthew C. Foster, M., Byrnes, J. E. K., D. C. Reed. 2015. Effects of five southern California macroalgal diets on consumption, growth and gonad weight in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. PeerJ. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.719
Data from: Transcriptomics reveal transgenerational effects in purple sea urchin embryos: adult acclimation to upwelling conditions alters the response of their progeny to differential pCO2 levels
Understanding the mechanisms with which organisms can respond to a rapidly changing ocean is an important research priority in marine sciences, especially in light of recent predictions regarding the pace of ocean change in the coming decades. Transgenerational effects, in which the experience of the parental generation can shape the phenotype of their offspring, may serve as such a mechanism. In this study, adult purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were conditioned to regionally and ecologically relevant pCO2 levels and temperatures representative of upwelling (low temperature, high pCO2) and non-upwelling (average temperature, low pCO2) conditions typical of coastal upwelling regions in the California Current System. Following 4.5 months of conditioning, adults were spawned and offspring were raised under either high or low pCO2 levels, to examine the role of maternal effects. Using RNA-seq and comparative transcriptomics, our results indicate that differential conditioning of the adults had an effect on the gene expression patterns of the progeny during the gastrula stage of early development. For example, maternal conditioning under upwelling conditions intensified the transcriptomic response of the progeny when they were raised under high versus low pCO2 conditions. Additionally, mothers that experienced upwelling conditions produced larger progeny. The overall findings of this study are complex, but do suggest that transgenerational plasticity in situ could act as an important mechanism by which populations might keep pace with rapid environmental change.
Data from: Transcriptomics reveal transgenerational effects in purple sea urchin embryos: adult acclimation to upwelling conditions alters the response of their progeny to differential pCO2 levels
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Data for: Tube feet regeneration and plasticity in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
<p class="MsoBodyText">Sea urchins are key members of hydrodynamically intense habitats, such as open coast intertidal and shallow reefs. Secure attachment to the substrata, by means of tube feet and spines, is essential for survival. Previous studies suggest that environmental variables (i.e. hydrodynamics, substrate) can influence the morphology and adhesive performance of tube feet. Catastrophic failure of tube feet occurs often due to strong hydrodynamic forces. The time and ability of amputated tube feet to return to pre-amputation adhesive performance, and the interaction with environmental factors are unknown. To assess the dynamics of adhesive performance and re- generation of tube feet, we 1) evaluated phenotypic plasticity of disc surface area of two urchin populations inhabiting sites with different lithologies (field - in-situ conditions) and, 2) assessed regeneration of their functionality (tube foot length, time of disc first appearance, disc surface area, and tenacity) after amputation (laboratory - ex-situ conditions). Results showed that in the field, tube feet are plastic in their phenotype: sea urchins from the two sites differed in their disc surface area. Plasticity was also observed in the laboratory, where urchins regenerate tube feet that are shorter in length and have smaller discs compared to pre-amputation measurements. Thus, sea urchin tube feet recovering from amputation events in the intertidal may differ in their initial morphology and in the recovery period after amputation. Moreover, tube feet that were never amputated also decreased their disc area, suggesting that plasticity occurs on tube feet of urchins maintained in laboratory conditions. In shallow temperate reef systems, urchins are ecosystem engineers that affect the abundance and distribution of many other organisms. The plastic nature of morphological and adhesive abilities of sea urchin tube feet influences their ability to survive and dominate wave-battered habitats.</p>
Data from: Differences in the regulation of growth and biomineralization genes revealed through long-term common garden acclimation and experimental genomics in the purple sea urchin
Across heterogeneous landscapes, populations may have adaptive differences in gene regulation that adjust their physiologies to match local environments. Such differences could have origins in acclimation or in genetically fixed variation between habitats. Here we use common garden experiments to evaluate differences in gene expression between populations of the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, spanning 1700 km and average temperature differences of 5 °C to 8 °C. Across expression profiles from 18,883 genes after three years of common conditions, we find highly correlated expression patterns (Pearson's r = 0.992) among most genes. However, sixty-six genes were differentially expressed, including many ribosomal protein and biomineralization genes, all of which had higher expression in urchins originally from the southern population. Gene function analyses revealed slight but pervasive expression differences in genes related to ribosomal function, metabolism, transport, "bone" development, and response to stimuli. In accord with gene expression patterns, a post-hoc spine re-growth experiment revealed that urchins of southern origin re-grew spines at a faster rate than northern urchins. These results suggest that there may be genetically controlled, potentially adaptive differences in gene regulation across habitats and that gene expression differences may be under strong enough selection to overcome high dispersal-mediated gene flow in this marine species.
Data from: Functional consequences of morphologically plastic jaws in juvenile purple sea urchins
Morphological plasticity is a critical mechanism that animals use to cope with variation in resource availability. During periods of food scarcity, sea urchins demonstrate an increase in jaw length relative to test diameter. This trait is thought to be reversible and adaptive by yielding an increase in feeding efficiency. We directly test the hypotheses that (1) there are reversible shifts in jaw length to test diameter ratios with food abundance in individual urchins, and (2) these shifts alter feeding efficiency. Purple sea urchins, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, were placed in either high or low food treatments for 3 months, after which treatments were switched for 2 additional months. Measurements of jaw length to test diameter ratios were significantly higher in low compared to high food urchins, but this was due to test growth in the high food treatments. Ratios of low food urchins did not change following a switch to high food conditions, indicating that this trait is not reversible. Relatively longer jaws were also not correlated with increased feeding efficiency. We argue that jaw length plasticity is not adaptive and is simply a consequence of exposure to high food availability, as both jaw and test growth halt when food is scarce.
Data from: Functional consequences of morphologically plastic jaws in juvenile purple sea urchins
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Data from: Differences in the regulation of growth and biomineralization genes revealed through long-term common garden acclimation and experimental genomics in the purple sea urchin
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Data for: Tube feet regeneration and plasticity in the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
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Variation in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) morphological traits in relation to resource availability
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Bacterial exposure mediates developmental plasticity and resistance to lethal Vibrio lentus Infection in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) larvae
<p>Exposure to and colonization by bacteria during development have wide-ranging beneficial effects on animal biology but can also inhibit growth or cause disease. The immune system is the prime mediator of these microbial interactions and is itself shaped by them. Studies using diverse animal taxa have begun to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the acquisition and transmission of bacterial symbionts and their interactions with developing immune systems. Moreover, the contexts of these associations are often confounded by stark differences between 'wild type' microbiota and the bacterial communities associated with animals raised in conventional or germ-free laboratories. In this study, we investigate the spatio-temporal kinetics of bacterial colonization and associated effects on growth and immune function in larvae of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) as a model for host-microbe interactions and immune system development. We also compare the host-associated microbiota of developing embryos and larvae raised in natural seawater or exposed to adult-associated bacteria in the laboratory. Bacteria associated with zygotes, embryos, and early larvae are detectable with 16S amplicon sequencing, but 16S-FISH indicates that the vast majority of larval bacterial load is acquired after feeding begins and is localized to the gut lumen. The bacterial communities of laboratory-cultured embryos are significantly less diverse than the natural microbiota but recapitulate its major components (Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Bacteroidetes), suggesting that biologically relevant host-microbe interactions can be studied in the laboratory. We also demonstrate that bacterial exposure in early development induces changes in morphology and in the immune system. In the absence of bacteria, larvae grow larger at the 4-arm stage. Additionally, bacteria-exposed larvae are significantly more resistant to lethal infection with the larva-associated pathogen Vibrio lentus suggesting that early exposure to high levels of microbes, as would be expected in natural conditions, affects the immune state in later larvae. These results expand our knowledge of microbial influences on early sea urchin development and establish a model in which to study the interactions between the developing larval immune system and the acquisition of larval microbiota.</p>
Bacterial exposure mediates developmental plasticity and resistance to lethal Vibrio lentus Infection in purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) larvae
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Base-resolution DNA hydroxymethylation maps of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), european lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) using ACE-seq
GEO Series GSE188331. Branchiostoma lanceolatum; Danio rerio; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 15 samples. Type: Other.
Base-resolution DNA methylation maps of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus)
GEO Series GSE188333. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 8 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
DNA hydroxymethylation profiling of purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus), european lancelet (Branchiostoma lanceolatum) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) using hMeDIP-seq
GEO Series GSE188332. Danio rerio; Strongylocentrotus purpuratus; Branchiostoma lanceolatum. 8 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Purple sea urchin larvae alter their transcriptome in response to ocean acidification
GEO Series GSE13777. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Nucleosome positioning and sensitivity suggest novel functional organization of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) genome
GEO Series GSE283453. Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. 9 samples. Type: Genome binding/occupancy profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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