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15 results for “pyrophilic”
Data from: Pyrophilic plants respond to post-fire soil conditions in a frequently burned longleaf pine savanna
<p class="RealLife">Fire-plant feedbacks engineer recurrent fires in pyrophilic ecosystems like savannas. The mechanisms sustaining these feedbacks may be related to plant adaptations that trigger rapid responses to fire's effects on soil. Plants adapted for high fire frequencies should quickly regrow, flower, and produce seeds that mature rapidly and disperse post-fire. We hypothesized that offspring of such plants would germinate and grow rapidly, responding to fire-generated changes in soil nutrients and biota. We conducted an experiment using longleaf pine savanna plants that were paired based on differences in reproduction and survival under annual ("more" pyrophilic) vs. less frequent ("less" pyrophilic) fire regimes. Seeds were planted in different soil inoculations from experimental fires of varying severity. The "more" pyrophilic species displayed high germination rates followed by species specific, rapid growth responses to soil location and fire severity effects on soils. In contrast, the "less" pyrophilic species had lower germination rates that were not responsive to soil treatments. This suggests that rapid germination and growth constitute adaptations to frequent fires, and that plants respond differently to fire severity effects on soil abiotic factors and microbes. Further, variable plant responses to post-fire soils may influence plant community diversity and fire-fuel feedbacks in pyrophilic ecosystems.</p>
Data for: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
<p>Fire-plant feedbacks engineer recurrent fires in pyrophilic ecosystems like savannas. The mechanisms sustaining these feedbacks may be related to plant adaptations that trigger rapid responses to fire's effects on soil. Plants adapted for high fire frequencies should quickly regrow, flower, and produce seeds that mature rapidly and disperse post-fire. We hypothesized that offspring of such plants would germinate and grow rapidly, responding to fire-generated changes in soil nutrients and biota. We conducted an experiment using longleaf pine savanna plants that were paired based on differences in reproduction and survival under annual ("more" pyrophilic) vs. less frequent ("less" pyrophilic) fire regimes. Seeds were planted in different soil inoculations from experimental fires of varying severity. The "more" pyrophilic species displayed high germination rates followed by species-specific, rapid growth responses to soil location and fire severity effects on soils. In contrast, the "less" pyrophilic species had lower germination rates that were not responsive to soil treatments. This suggests that rapid germination and growth constitute adaptations to frequent fires and that plants respond differently to fire severity effects on soil abiotic factors and microbes. Further, variable plant responses to post-fire soils may influence plant community diversity and fire-fuel feedbacks in pyrophilic ecosystems.</p>
Data for: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
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Data from: Pyrophilic plants respond to post-fire soil conditions in a frequently burned longleaf pine savanna
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Pyrophilic ground beetle rearing study
<p>Many insects are drawn to the heat, ash, and smoke produced by forest fires and arrive in large numbers at recent burns, often while the fire is still active. Some of these insects are pyrophilic and reproduce exclusively in the immediate aftermath of fire but are rarely, if ever, collected from unburnt habitats. Numerous observations made at active fires note an apparent preference among some pyrophilic insects to oviposit exclusively in the burnt portions of trees, raising broader questions about the adaptive benefits of reproduction in the post-burn environment. Here, we tested whether the reproductive output of pyrophilic ground-beetles (i.e., <em>Sericoda</em> spp.) increased in heat-sterilized soils. In the first experiment, eggs of <em>Sericoda quadripunctata </em>were reared in three types of soil collected from burnt forests: recently burnt soil (collected 1-2 weeks after the fire), soil collected one year after burn, and soil from an unburnt patch of forest adjacent to the fire. Daily monitoring through a dissecting microscope documented extensive predation of eggs by soil microarthropods (mites, springtails, and nematodes), especially in 1-year old and unburnt soil treatments. This led to a second experiment that included the same three treatments and an additional fourth soil treatment: recently burnt soil reheated to 100 °C for 2 hours (i.e., reheated soil). In this experiment, male and female pairs (n = 100) of <em>Sericoda obsoleta</em> were reared for 14 days in jars containing 90 g of soil corresponding to each of the four soil treatments. Reproductive output, measured as the number of larvae produced by each breeding pair, was significantly higher in the reheated soil, suggesting that heat-sterilization and removal of soil-dwelling predators improved egg survival. Our findings suggest that pyrophily in insects may have evolved as a means of increasing reproductive output in the post-burn environment through access to heat-sterilized ovipositing substrates. Furthermore, the abrupt disappearance of <em>Sericoda </em>and other pyrophilic insects following fire may be explained by the sub-optimal reproductive conditions as the burn is colonized by other organisms and by local emigration in favor of other recent burns on the landscape.</p>
FIGURES 16–19. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 16–19. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., male. 16, Dorsal shield; 17, Ventral shields; 18, Tectum; 19, Right chelicera, lateral view.
FIGURES 24–28. Antennoseius pyrophilus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 24–28. Antennoseius pyrophilus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 24, Subcapitulum; 25, Right chelicera, lateral view; 26, Left palp (tarsus not shown except palp apotele), dorsal view; 27, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-dorsal view; 28, Right leg III, postero-dorsal view.
FIGURES 20–23. Antennoseius pyrophilus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 20–23. Antennoseius pyrophilus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 20, Dorsal shields; 21, Tritosternum; 22, Ventral shields; 23, Tectum and its variants.
FIGURES 14–15. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 14–15. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, free-living form. 14, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-dorsal view; 15, Right leg III, postero-dorsal view.
FIGURES 5–9. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 5–9. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 5, Subcapitulum; 6, Scanning electron micrograph of palpcoxal seta; 7, Right chelicera, lateral (antiaxial) view; 8, Right leg I (except tarsus), postero-lateral view; 9, Right leg III, dorsal view.
FIGURES 1–4. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 1–4. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, phoretic form. 1, Dorsal shields; 2, Scanning electron micrograph of anterior portion of podonotal shield and most of leg I; 3, Ventral shields; 4, Tectum.
FIGURES 10–13. Antennoseius perseus n in Phase morphs and phoresy: New species of Antennoseius (Vitzthumia) mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Ascidae) associated with pyrophilous carabids (Carabidae: Sericoda spp.) in Alberta, Canada
FIGURES 10–13. Antennoseius perseus n. sp., female, free-living form. 10, Dorsal shields; 11, Ventral shields; 12, Subcapitulum; 13, Right chelicera, lateral view.
Pyrophilic ground beetle rearing study
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Data from: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
<p>Frequent fires maintain nearly 50% of terrestrial ecosystems, and drive ecosystem changes that govern future fires. Since fires are dependent on available plant or fine fuels, ecosystem processes that alter fine fuel loads like microbial decomposition are particularly important and could modify future fires. We hypothesized that variation in short-term fire history would influence fuel dynamics in such ecosystems. We predicted that frequent fires within a short-time period would slow microbial decomposition of new fine fuels. We expected that fire effects would differ based on dominant substrates and that fire history would also alter soil nutrient availability, indirectly slowing decomposition. We measured decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a Longleaf pine savanna, comparing plots that burned 0, 1, 2, or 3 times between 2014 and 2016, and which were located in either close proximity to or away from overstory pines (Longleaf pine, Pinus palustris). Microbial decomposition was slower in plots near longleaf pines and, as the numbers of fires increased, decomposition slowed. We then used structural equation modeling to assess pathways for these effects (number of fires, 2016 fuel/fire characteristics, and soil chemistry). Increased fire frequency was directly associated with decreased microbial decomposition. While increased fires decreased nutrient availability, changes in nutrients were not associated with decomposition. Our findings indicate that increasing numbers of fires over short-time intervals can slow microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels. This could favor the fine fuel accumulation and drive positive feedbacks on future fires.</p>
Data from: Frequent fire slows microbial decomposition of newly deposited fine fuels in a pyrophilic ecosystem
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