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166 results for “radiation exposure”
A dataset of global variations in directional solar radiation exposure for ocular research using the libRadtran radiative transfer model
<p>Directional solar photon flux density has particular relevance to eye disease research (keratitis, cataract formation, macula degeneration) because ocular components (cornea, lens, retina) experience different exposures dependent on global location, structural geometry of the eye and human behaviour (Sliney, 1997). The human macula has a field of view of ~17<strong>°</strong>, or 0.06901537 sr (Strasburger, Rentschler & Jüttner, 2011) and its cone of exposure can be modelled at a range of global locations using a radiation transfer model to estimate different directions of irradiation. This dataset provides examples of spectral radiance within the macula field of vision, calculated with the radiative transfer model libRadtran v2.0.3 (Mayer & Kylling, 2005). Three data sets are provided at different latitudes without correction for spectral ocular transmission. Unless otherwise specified, all simulations were parametrized according to local meteorological condition (altitude, pressure, temperature) and atmospheric conditions on the simulated day (aerosol optical density, water column, O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> concentrations). The model was parametrized for a subject looking northward toward the ground (-15<strong>°</strong> from horizon), at a height of 170 cm above the ground.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p>For each simulation, a separate file is available for each condition (latitude, time, date, see below) that includes radiance at each wavelength. Radiance values are in mW m<sup>-2</sup> nm<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup>.</p> <p>The technique provides future opportunity to model global exposures of different ocular components to spectral solar irradiance using information on ocular transmission, local terrain, albedo and human behaviour in order to explore their relevance in epidemiological studies of age-related eye disease.</p> <p><em>Simulation 1: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>8 cardinal directions (every 45<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 2: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 2,500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>3 latitudes (61.0: Southern Finland, 50.1 Northern France, 38.0: Central Spain).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>1 cardinal direction (North).</li> <li>2 aerosol optical densities (0.1 and 2.5).</li> </ul> <p><em>Simulation 3: </em>This data set reports the spectral radiance from 250 - 500 nm at:</p> <ul> <li>1 latitude (61.0: Southern Finland).</li> <li>4 dates (April 17<sup>th</sup>, July 1<sup>st</sup>, September 1<sup>st</sup>, November 6<sup>th</sup> 2019).</li> <li>24 hours.</li> <li>9 cardinal directions (every 40<strong>° </strong>from North).</li> <li>3 bidirectional reflectance distribution functions for the ground (forest, urban, snow).</li> <li>2 tilt angles for the eye direction (0<strong>° </strong> from horizon or -15<strong>°</strong> from horizon, toward the ground).</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Metadata for RadPhysBio: A Radiobiological Database for the Prediction of Cell Survival upon Exposure to Ionizing Radiation
<p>This is the Metadata of our recent publication https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094729 </p> <p>Based on the need for radiobiological databases, in this work, we mined experimental ionizing radiation data of human cells treated with X-rays, γ-rays, carbon ions, protons and α-particles, by manually searching the relevant literature in PubMed from 1980 until 2024. In order to calculate normal and tumor cell survival α and β coefficients of the linear quadratic (LQ) established model, as well as the initial values of the double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, we used WebPlotDigitizer and Python programming language. We also produced complex DNA damage results through the fast Monte Carlo code MCDS in order to complete any missing data. In the attached files you will find</p> <ol> <li>Current database for photons</li> <li>Current database for particle radiation</li> <li>Helping supplementary information</li> <li>Tips for help with our Database</li> </ol>
Dataset related to article "Phantom‑based analysis of variations in automatic exposure control across three mammography systems: implications for radiation dose and image quality in mammography, DBT, and CEM"
<p>The dataset comprises information from several DICOM tags extracted from digital mammography (DM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) images acquired in a phantom study aimed at characterizing the automatic exposure control (AEC) behavior of diverse mammography equipment. The final ten columns of the datasets encompass signal (mena pixel values, MPV) and noise (standard deviation, SD) measurements derived from phantom images. These measurements are used to compute several image quality metrics, including contrast, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), CNR relative difference in comparison to the 45 mm reference thickness, and a figure of merit (FOM) obtained by diving the squared CNR by the mean glandular dose (MGD).</p>
Data Set: Raman Investigation of In Vivo Radiation Exposure on Melanin in Murine Hair
<p>Updated version contains additional data added during peer review. Files contains Raw Raman spectra collected from the hair of mice irradiataed with gamma rays of specified dose. The time following exposure (in days) that the hair was sampled, the sex of the mouse, and the total dose (Gy) is given for each spectrum. The Raman spectra were collected with excitation wavelengths of 532 nm and 785 nm. The Raman shift labels for each excitation wavelength is given the first row of the data table prior to the raw spectra.</p>
EV based miR-6772-5p secreted by breast cancer cells in response to radiation exposure is involved in development of radioresistance
<p>This dataset serves as a supplementary material for the research article <em>EV-based miR-6772-5p secreted by breast cancer cells in response to radiation exposure is involved in development of radioresistance</em> by Tynjälä <em>et al</em>. For further details, please refer to our publication for a detailed description of the methods used to generate this dataset.</p> <p>In summary, we isolated and sequenced miRNAs from extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated MCF7 cells. Sequencing libraries were prepared with QIAseq miRNA Library Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and sequenced with Illumina NextSeq 500 platform (Illumina). In-house bioinformatics workflow was used to process the sequencing data. Unique molecular identifier (UMI) sequences were first extracted and added to FASTQ header with UMI-tools while discarding the 3’ adapter and primer sequences. Reads shorter than 16 bp were discarded with cutadapt. Provided sequencing data is in FASTQ format and trimmed from adapter and UMI sequences. We have also provided miRNA counts and results of following differential gene expression analysis in tab-delimited format.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
ATTENUATE (rAdpad proTecTion drapE iN redUcing rAdiaTion Exposure) Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06233578. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Meeting radiation dosimetry capacity requirements of population-scale exposures by geostatistical sampling
<p>This is the data repository for the PLOS ONE Manuscript: "Meeting radiation dosimetry capacity requirements of population-scale exposures by geostatistical sampling". This repository contains the following data:</p> <p>1. "State-and-Subdivision-Boundary-Files.Edited-for-ArcMap-10.4.KML-Format.zip":</p> <p>This file contains modified U.S. state and sub-division boundary files [in KML format], which can be imported into ArcMap using its KMLtoLayer function. These files have been modified to prevent sub-division naming issues that we encountered when importing boundary data into ArcMap: A) State sub-divisions with identical names are considered a single sub-division by ArcMap (corrected by adding a letter after each sub-division of the same name, i.e. CenterA, CenterB, etc), and; B) ArcMap would only identify the sub-division by its first word if sub-division name contained spaces (corrected by converting all spaces into dashes). </p> <p>2. "HPAC-Plumes.Processed.zip" and "HPAC-Plumes.Unprocessed.zip":</p> <p>These files contain HPAC plume coordinate (WGS1984) and dose (in cGy) values for all scenarios discussed in the manuscript. We provide "processed" and "unprocessed" HPAC plume data files. The "unprocessed" HPAC plume data is provided in its original XML format, which cannot be imported into ArcMap directly. The "processed" HPAC plumes are provided in tab-delimited X,Y,Z format (Latitude, Longitude, and Dose). We have also added a "0 cGy" contour in the "processed" plumes (surrounding the HPAC plume), as the presence of unirradiated data points adjacent to the plume was found to be crucial for accurate kriging, since these points served as boundaries for kriging.</p> <p>3. "Final-Derived-Plumes.Data-Points.zip":</p> <p>This file contains geostatistically-derived plume coordinate (WGS1984) and dose (in cGy) values for all scenarios discussed in the manuscript. Data is in comma-delimited format (Latitude, Longitude, and Dose). Data points consist of a set of initial coordinates generated at random locations within each Census sub-division using the ArcMap tool, ‘CreateRandomPoints_management’, and subsequent points generated by densification (the geostatistical procedure that targets and localizes an additional small cohort of irradiated individuals to mitigate uncertainty in environmental measurements). These data points were assigned radiation level values corresponding to the adjacent outer HPAC contour by a script comparing each sample with its location within the HPAC plume of the same scenario.</p> <p>4. “Intermediate-Derived-Plumes.Data-Points.zip”</p> <p>This archive contains coordinate data (WGS1984) and dose values (in cGy) for all intermediary steps of plume development (using our geostatistical method) for all scenarios. Like (3), the data is comma-delimited (Latitude, Longitude, and Dose), and were assigned radiation level values by a script comparing sampling locations with the location of the HPAC plume of the same scenario. Scenario replicate folders contains text files for each iteration step of the plume derivation process, including a file containing just the initial random sampling (“Iteration-1”), a file containing initial sampling and sampling locations selected by the first densification step (“Iteration-2”), a file containing initial sampling and sampling locations selected by the first and second densification steps (“Iteration-3”), and so on.</p> <p>This archive also contains a Table (“Progression-of-New-Densification-Selected-Sampling-Locations-For-All-Scenarios.xslx”) which provides a categorical breakdown of how many unique densification-selected sampling locations occur within the irradiated region (i.e. overlap the HPAC plume) for each iteration of all scenario replicates. The fraction of irradiated to unirradiated sampling locations varies among each scenario and individual replicates for the same scenario. Our analysis shows that these results depend on the population densities and exact topography of the HPAC plume which is different among each scenario.</p> <p>5. "Geostatistical-Sampling-Project.All-Scripts.zip"</p> <p>This archive contains all programs required for this project. This includes Python scripts meant to be run within the ArcMap software environment (for random point generation and data extraction), and Perl scripts used to process HPAC and U.S. State and Sub-division boundary files, and to assign radiation values to sample locations based on a modified HPAC plume. A java program, “CompareReplicates.jar”, compares the overlapping areas between a pair of polygons that overlap one other using the ArcMap software environment, and requires access to the ArcGIS Runtime SDK (<a href="https://developers.arcgis.com/arcgis-runtime/">https://developers.arcgis.com/arcgis-runtime/</a>).</p>
Chernobyl-level radiation exposure damages bumblebee reproduction: a laboratory experiment
The consequences for wildlife of living in radiologically contaminated environments are uncertain. Previous laboratory studies suggest insects are relatively radiation-resistant; however, some field studies from the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone report severe adverse effects at substantially lower radiation dose rates than expected. Here we present the first laboratory investigation to study how environmentally-relevant radiation exposure affects bumblebee life-history, assessing the shape of the relationship between radiation exposure and fitness-loss. Dose rates comparable to the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (50-400 µGy h-1) impaired bumblebee reproduction and delayed colony growth but did not affect colony weight or longevity. Our best-fitting model for the effect of radiation dose rate on colony queen production had a strongly non-linear concave relationship: exposure to only 100 µGy h-1 impaired reproduction by 30-45%, while further dose rate increases caused more modest additional reproductive impairment. Our data indicate that the practice of estimating effects of environmentally-relevant low dose rate exposure by extrapolating from high dose rates may have considerably underestimated the effects of radiation. If our data can be generalised, they suggest insects suffer significant negative consequences at dose rates previously thought safe; we therefore advocate relevant revisions to the international framework for radiological protection of the environment.
TG 91: Radiation Risk Inference at Low-Dose and Low-Dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection Purposes
<p>The detriment-adjusted nominal risk coefficients recommended by ICRP have been based, to a large extent, on data obtained from the atomic bomb survivors in Japan. ICRP introduced a Dose and Dose-Rate Effectiveness Factor (DDREF) of 2 to include in calculations of these risk coefficients for application at the low doses and low-dose rate exposures typical in radiological protection. The DDREF was included to account for the survivors’ single acute exposure, and because a linear quadratic instead of a linear risk to dose response was thought to be the most plausible biological model.</p> <p>This paper summarizes the recent work of ICRP Task Group 91 on this topic. Task Group activities have included reviews of the history of low-dose and low-dose-rate effects, various exposure scenarios and their doses and dose rates, radiation-induced effects at the molecular, cellular, animal, and human level, and biologically-based mechanistic models of carcinogenesis. The Task Group performed a meta-analysis of low-dose-rate epidemiological studies, and re-analyses of published results on radiation-induced effects among animal models and among Japanese atomic bomb survivors.</p>
Quantification of gamma radiation exposure and radon/thoron exhalation rates in representative building materials in Ireland
<p>Data, models, mapsa nd publication produced during the postdoctoral fellowship: EPSPD/2022/141 </p>
Evaluation the Impact of the "Pas" Technique Versus the "Standard" Technique on Radiation Exposure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06918197. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Melanoma of the Skin and Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Radiation at Work in Modena Territory: a Case-control Study to Promote an Active Search and Prevention of Occupational Diseases Based on Recent I
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07251335. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Using Non-Fluoroscopic Imaging Devices to Decrease Radiation Exposure During Ablation of Supraventricular Tachycardia
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00979303. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Chernobyl-level radiation exposure damages bumblebee reproduction: a laboratory experiment
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Data from: Variation in chronic radiation exposure does not drive life history divergence among Daphnia populations across the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone
Ionising radiation is a mutagen with known negative impacts on individual fitness. However, much less is known about how these individual fitness effects translate into population-level variation in natural environments that have experienced varying levels of radiation exposure. In this study, we sampled genotypes of the freshwater crustacean, Daphnia pulex, from the eight inhabited lakes across the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Each lake has experienced very different levels of chronic radiation exposure since a nuclear power reactor exploded there over thirty years ago. The sampled Daphnia genotypes represent genetic snapshots of current populations and allowed us to examine fitness-related traits under controlled laboratory conditions at UK background dose rates. We found that whilst there was variation in survival and schedules of reproduction among populations, there was no compelling evidence that this was driven by variation in exposure to radiation. Previous studies have shown that controlled exposure to radiation at dose rates included in the range measured in the current study reduce survival, or fecundity, or both. One limitation of this study is the lack of available sites at high dose rates, and future work could test life history variation in various organisms at other high radiation areas. Our results are nevertheless consistent with the idea that other ecological factors, e.g., competition, predation or parasitism, are likely to play a much bigger role in driving variation among populations than exposure to the high radiation dose rates found in the CEZ. These findings clearly demonstrate that it is important to examine the potential negative effects of radiation across wild populations that are subject to many and varied selection pressures as a result of complex ecological interactions.
Data from: Elevated mitochondrial genome variation after 50 generations of radiation exposure in a wild rodent
Currently, the effects of chronic, continuous low dose environmental irradiation on the mitochondrial genome of resident small mammals are unknown. Using the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) as a model system, we tested the hypothesis that approximately 50 generations of exposure to the Chernobyl environment has significantly altered genetic diversity of the mitochondrial genome. Using deep sequencing, we compared mitochondrial genomes from 131 individuals from reference sites with radioactive contamination comparable to that present in Northern Ukraine before the April 26, 1986 meltdown, to populations where substantial fallout was deposited following the nuclear accident. Population genetic variables revealed significant differences among populations from contaminated and uncontaminated localities. Therefore, we rejected the null hypothesis of no significant genetic effect from 50 generations of exposure to the environment created by the Chernobyl meltdown. Samples from contaminated localities exhibited significantly higher numbers of haplotypes and polymorphic loci, elevated genetic diversity, and a significantly higher average number of substitutions-per-site across mitochondrial gene regions. Observed genetic variation was dominated by synonymous mutations, which may indicate a history of purify selection against nonsynonymous or insertion/deletion mutations. These significant differences were not attributable to sample size artifacts. The observed increase in mitochondrial genomic diversity in voles from radioactive sites is consistent with the possibility that chronic, continuous irradiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster has produced an accelerated mutation rate in this species over the last 25 years. Our results, being the first to demonstrate this phenomenon in a wild mammalian species, are important for understanding genetic consequences of exposure to low-dose radiation sources.
Fluctuating exposures to UV radiation and Erythromycin result in increased mean and variance in fitness in novel environments
<p>List of non-synonymous mutations identified in populations subjected to UV radiation and Erythromycin. Mutations identified in whole-population as well as in sub-populations resistant to either rifampicin or nalidixic acid are listed in separate files.</p>
Radiation exposure and shielding effects on the lunar surface - supplementary data
<p>Supplementary data for submission of "Radiation exposure and shielding effects on the lunar surface"</p>
Randomized Evaluation of Vascular Entry Site and Radiation Exposure: REVERE Trial
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01677481. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
A Trial to Determine Radiation Exposure to Organs and Assess the Safety of CARDIOLITE® in Pediatric Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00162045. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 1.
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OpenNeuro
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