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270 results for “rain forest”
Precipitation measurements from historic and current standard, storage and recording rain gauges at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1951 to present
Andrews Forest precipitation has been measured continuously using various rain gage types since 1951. Most of these rain gages are standard (non-recording) gages with 7.5 or 8 inch orifices or large capacity storage gages intended for sites with limited access collected irregularly over longer intervals. Recording rain gages have also been established to collect higher temporal resolutions (e.g., 5 minute or 15 minute) and also used as a means of parsing (“prorating”) these periodic interval measurements from these standard and storage gages into daily totals. This data set includes an inventory of all rain gages that have operated within the Andrews as well as one site in the nearby Wildcat RNA and one in the town of Blue River. The inventory includes information regarding the date range of operation, gage location, type of gage, the rain network within which it was established, general availability of data and descriptive notes. A second table includes all of the raw measurement data for these non-recording gages over every interval where data were taken, and additionally includes the corresponding recording gage and its measurement total used to prorate data into a daily record. A third table includes the prorated daily data for all of these standard and storage gages as well as the true daily totals for two recording rain gages. A fourth table includes high temporal resolution for one early recording gage at Forks and the Mack Creek recording gage. Note that while precipitation data associated with the 6 benchmark stations are included in this rain gage inventory (Entity 1), the daily and high temporal resolution data for these sites were available through a separate meteorological data set, database code MS001, until 2025. In 2025, the benchmark station data was migrated here and will be combined with the Forks and Mack Creek data.
Long-term dynamics of tropical rain forests in permanent inventory plots, La Selva, Costa Rica (1969-1995)
Three permanent plots comprising a total of 12.4 ha were established in 1969 in tropical rain forest at La Selva Biological Station, near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. The plots were established in old-growth forest on three contrasting landforms: Plot 1 (4.4 ha) on old alluvial terrace; Plot 2 (4.0 ha) in swamp forest and rolling hills; and Plot 3 (4.0 ha) on steeply dissected terrain with residual soils. The data archived here include plot inventories carried out at five census dates over a period of 27 years. The inventory starting dates were 1969; 1982; 1985; 1989; and 1995. All stems 10 cm dbh or greater were tagged with a permanent numbered tag; measured in diameter at breast height and above buttresses to the nearest mm; mapped on the ground to the nearest m; and identified to species. At each census, live trees were re-measured, dead trees were recorded along with information on the manner of death, other details on the condition of the tree were noted, and new recruits were tagged, mapped, measured, and identified. The archived data include these five components: (1) The master data file, including comprehensive data on all tagged individuals in the three plots for the five censuses from 1969-1995. Each line in the data set represents an individual tagged tree or liana. The data array comprises 8689 lines (the number of tagged individuals) x 48 columns of data. The lines in the data set are ordered first by Plot number (1, 2, 3); next by subplot within each plot; and then by tag number within each subplot. (2) A list of column identifiers, describing in detail the information represented in each of the 48 columns within the master data file. The list gives a description of the data in each column, the units of measurement, and a guide to the interpretation of zeroes in the data. (3) A key to codes used in the field to describe the condition of individual trees. (4) A taxonomic reference list, including all species found
Seedling composition, growth, and dynamics in tropical rain forest, La Selva, Costa Rica (1983-1996)
Recruitment, growth, and survivorship of the regeneration stages of trees and lianas were studied in old-growth tropical rain forest at La Selva Biological Station of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiquí, Heredia Province, in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica. A total of 48 permanent seedling transects each measuring 10 m x 0.5 m were established at random locations within three La Selva permanent forest inventory plots. The forest plots occupy contrasting landforms: Plot 1 (4.4 ha), old alluvial terrace; Plot 2 (4.0 ha), swamp forest and low hills; and Plot 3 (4.0 ha), steeply dissected terrain with residual volcanic soils. Seedling locations are georeferenced within the grid system of the permanent forest inventory plots, facilitating spatial analysis of seedling populations with respect to adult cohorts. Beginning in June 1983, all seedlings ≤ 0.5 m in height belonging to tree and liana species capable of reaching 10 cm diameter at breast height (dbh) at maturity were tagged, identified to species or morphospecies, mapped to the nearest cm, and measured in height to the nearest cm. Over a period of 18 months, a total of 6403 seedlings belonging to 167 species were tagged. Monitoring and re-measurement of all tagged individuals continued through November 1996. Data include 17 census dates over a period of 13.5 years. At the time of the final census, only 97 individuals (1.52% of the tagged seedlings) were still alive, representing 43 species (25.7% of the initial number). The largest surviving seedling had grown in height from 4 cm to 13 meters during the study period. This dataset on the regeneration stages in old-growth tropical rain forest in the La Selva permanent inventory plots forms a complement to the studies of long-term growth and demography of these species and assemblages at adult stages within the plots. Forest inventory data for trees and lianas ≥ 10 cm dbh in the permanent plots in which the seedling transec
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest: Daily Precipitation Rain Gage Measurements, 1956 - present
Precipitation has been measured at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest using rain gauges located in or around each watershed since 1956. Three types of rain gauges have been used: standard, mechanical weight recording, and electronic weight recording. Between 1956 and 2014, precipitation was measured weekly at standard gages located at 24 stations in or near gauged watersheds and at the headquarters building. Weight-recording gauges were located at 7 of the 24 stations and capture a continuous strip-chart record. Weekly totals were prorated using daily totals from the nearest recording gauges. Beginning in 2011, electronic weighing rain gauges were implemented to measure 15-minute precipitation. The number of precipitation stations was reduced to 10, when each station was fully converted to an electronic gauge for measuring 15-minute and daily precipitation beginning in 2015. These data were gathered at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in Woodstock, NH, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Short-term disappearance of foliar litter of three tree species native to rain forest of Puerto Rico
Litter disappearance was examined before (1989) and after (1990) Hurricane Hugo in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico using mesh litterbags containing abscised Cyrilla racemiflora or Dacryodes excelsa leaves or fresh Prestoea montana leaves. Biomass and nitrogen dynamics were compared among: i) species; ii) mid- and high-elevation forest types; iii) riparian and upland sites; and iv) among pre- and post-hurricane disturbed environments. Biomass disappearance was compared using multiple regression and negative exponential models in which the slopes were estimates of the decomposition rates subsequent to apparent leaching losses and the y-intercepts were indices of initial mass losses (leaching). C. racemiflora leaves with low nitrogen (0.39 %) and high lignin (22.1 %) content decayed at a low rate and immobilized available nitrogen. D. excelsa leaves had moderate nitrogen (0.67 %) and lignin (16.6 %) content, decayed at moderate rates, and maintained the initial nitrogen mass. P. montana foliage had high nitrogen (1.76 %) and moderate lignin (16.7 %) content and rapidly lost both mass and nitrogen. There were not significant differences in litter disappearance and nitrogen dynamics among forest types and slope positions. Initial mass loss of C. racemiflora leaves was lower in 1990 but the subsequent decomposition rate did not change. Initial mass losses and the overall decomposition rates were lower in 1990 than in 1989 for D. excelsa. D. excelsa and C. racemiflora litter immobilized nitrogen in 1990 but released 10-15% of their initial N in 1989, whereas P. montana released nitrogen in both years (25-40 %). Observed differences in litter disappearance rates between years may have been due to differences in the timing of precipitation. Foliar litter inputs during post-hurricane recovery of vegetation in Puerto Rico may serve to immobilize and conserve site nitrogen. Support for this work was provided by grants BSR-8811902, DEB-9411973, DEB-9705814 , DEB-00
Variation in the Composition of Understory Vegetation in a Tropical Rain Forest as a Function of Soil and Topographic Position. 1986 - 1990
Understory plants are a major contribution to the high plant species diversity of Neotropical rain forests. Shrubs, understory trees, saplings of overstory trees, and herbs occupy a habitat of generally low light levels and high humidity in which there seem to be few obvious mechanisms to support habitat partitioning. Moreover several plant families are characterized by a high number of co-occurring understory species. In 1987-1989 we sampled understory vegetation in 18 sites at the La Selva Biological Station of the Organization for Tropical Studies in Heredia Province, Costa Rica. At each site we used 20 nested quadrats to investigate the effects of soil type on replicated sites of mapped alluvial and residual volcanic soils (5 map units) and topographic positions (ridges, midslopes and flats) on composition, density and diversity of small (1m tall to 5cm dbh, 25 m2 quadrat) and large(5-10cm dbh, 100 m2 quadrat) understory plants. We also measured fine litter dry mass, extractable P, total organic matter, percent slope and percent incident light radiation in each quadrat.
Rain, well and river water oxygen and deuterium isotope analyses/values for Bonanza Creek Experimental Forest and LTTG sites ( 2002 - Present)
Isotope values for oxygen and hydrogen in waters provide information as to the source of the water, the climate at the time of collection, and the geographical location of the water source. Climate variations may be indicated in changes in the relationship between deuterium and 18O over an extended period. The sources and proportions of sources of ground water can be determined by isotope analysis. Rain, well and river waters were analyzed for ?18O and ?D values from LTER and LTTG sites in 2002, and LTER1, LTER2, UP2, and FP3 sites from 2003 on. Deuterium values were not replicable until the latter part of the 2005 field season and so were not reported until August, 2005.
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest Rain Gages: GIS Shapefile
These data replace an earlier GIS coverage. Locations have been updated with Trimble GeoXT. Data distributed as shapefile in Coordinate system EPSG:26919 - NAD83 / UTM zone 19N
Data from: Proximate cues of flowering in a subtropical rain forest
<p><span>Plants have evolved mechanisms to track seasonal variation in environmental resources, enabling them to time key life-history events to appropriate seasons. While the proximate cues for flowering initiation are well documented in the temperate region, it is still unclear what the flowering cues are in the tropics, especially in the subtropics. Our study compared first flowering dates (FFDs) predicted by eight hypothesized proximate cues concerning photoperiod, mean and directional changes in solar irradiance and warm/cool temperature, and rainfall with flowering dates observed over 19 years of weekly monitoring for 16 species in a subtropical rainforest. We observed considerable inter-annual variation in the median FFDs for the study species, ranging from 21 to 101 days. The early-spring flowering species tended to have greater inter-annual variation in FFDs than the summer flowering species. For 13 study species, temperature cues best explained inter-annual variation in FFDs. Cool temperatures in the previous fall/winter and warm temperatures in the current spring (or previous summer) might trigger the onset of flowering in these 13 species. Cues associated with photoperiod and irradiance also predicted inter-annual variation in FFDs with small root mean square error (<1.5 census intervals) for 12 species but generally had higher prediction errors than temperature-related cues. Cues associated with seasonal variation in rainfall failed to predict flowering times in any species. Our results suggest that future changes in temperature may alter flowering times for most species in subtropical forests, leading to changes in ecosystem processes and biosphere feedback to the climate system.</span></p>
FIG. 1 in Epiphyllous bryophyte diversity in lowland rain forest and lowland cloud forest of French Guiana
FIG. 1. ― Species accumulation curves and estimated total number of species (*) of epiphyllous bryophytes in the understory of lowland cloud forest (LCF) and lowland rain forest (LRF) at Nouragues, French Guiana.
Figs. 2–5. Brazilian tropical rain forest. 2 in Classification, Natural History, And Evolution Of The Epiphloeinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part Ii. The Genera Chaetophloeus Opitz And Plocamocera Spinola
Figs. 2–5. Brazilian tropical rain forest. 2. Malaise trap in Rondonia, Wilbur J. Hanson's method of collecting Cleridae, November 1995. 3. The author collecting specimens of Epiphloeinae, environs of Manaus, January 1981. 4, 5. Excellent habitat for collecting Cleridae, environs of Manaus, January 1981.
Fig. 31. Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest along the Sungai Sadaunta, 700 m in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species
Fig. 31. Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest along the Sungai Sadaunta, 700 m (in 1976). Examples of Bunomys chrysocomus were caught amid the rocks in the foreground, deep within the forest, and occasionally on trunks and branches spanning the stream. Similar dense streamside forest and bridging trunks and limbs from old treefalls characterize much of the habitat along the Sungai Sadaunta where B. chrysocomus as well as B. karokophilus, n. sp., were encountered (see Natural History in account of B. chrysocomus).
Fig. 29. Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest along the Sungai Sadaunta, 750–850 m in A Systematic Review Of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) With The Description Of Two New Species
Fig. 29. Tropical lowland evergreen rain forest along the Sungai Sadaunta, 750–850 m (in 1974). Typical forest composition on terraces just above the stream: dense undergrowth of shrubs and tree saplings, woody vines looping through the understory. Beneath the dense cover, the ground is wet, the air cool. Most Bunomys chrysocomus were trapped in this kind of stream terrace habitat, either on the ground beneath the shrubs, alongside decomposing, moss-covered trunks and limbs lying on the terrace, or among moss-covered rocks. Bunomys karokophilus, n. sp., was encountered in similar habitat.
Data from: Plant Community Structure in Tropical Rain Forest Fragments of the Western Ghats, India
<p><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong></p><p>This dataset includes vegetation plot data on trees, lianas, understorey plants, and regeneration, and related data and species name matching files in five rainforest sites collected in 2003 as part of the following study:</p><p>MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. <a href="http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x">Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India</a>. <i>Biotropica</i> 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x</p><p>The regeneration data were analysed and presented in the following publication and related dataset:</p><p>OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India. <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33(4): 270-284. DOI: <a href="http://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219">10.1017/S0266467417000219</a></p><p>OSURI, A. M., CHAKRAVARTHY, D., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., AYYAPPAN, N., MUTHURAMKUMAR, S. & PARTHASARATHY, N. 2017. <a href="http://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn">Data from: Successional status, seed dispersal mode and overstorey species influence tree regeneration in tropical rain-forest fragments in Western Ghats, India</a>, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn</p><p><br><strong>CONTACTS</strong></p><p>CONTACT #1<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953">T. R. Shankar Raman</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p><p>CONTACT #2<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826">Divya Mudappa</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p><p>CONTACT #3<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633">Anand M. Osuri</a><br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: aosuri@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-5633</p><p>CONTACT #4<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X">N. Ayyappan</a><br>2. Work Address: French Institute of Pondicherry, No. 11, Post Box No. 33, Saint Louis Street, Pondicherry – 605 001, India.<br>3. Work Phone: + 91- 413-2231616<br>4. Email address: ayyappan.n@ifpindia.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-557X</p><p>CONTACT #5<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499">S. Muthuramkumar</a><br>2. Work Address: V.H.N.S.N. College, 3/151-1, College Road, Virudhunagar - 626001, Tamil Nadu, India.<br>3. Work Phone: + 91-4562-280154<br>4. Email address: muthuramkumar@vhnsnc.edu.in<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-8499</p><p>CONTACT #6<br>1. Name: <a href="https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441">N. Parthasarathy</a><br>2. Work Address: Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, R Venkat Raman Nagar, Kalapet, Pondicherry 605014, India<br>3. Work Phone: + 91-413-2654326<br>4. Email address: parthapu@yahoo.com<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-5441</p><p><br><strong>KEYWORDS</strong></p><p>Anamalai hills; biodiversity hotspot; disturbance; endemics; fragmentation; lianas; plant conservation; tree diversity; tropical rain forest; understory plants.</p><p><br><strong>GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India</p><p>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p><p><br><strong>TEMPORAL COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Begins: 2003-03-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2003-04-30 (Year, Month, Day)</p><p><br><strong>METHODS</strong></p><p>Methods involved systematic vegetation plots for trees, lianans and understorey plants as described in Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (<i>Biotropica</i> 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x) and for tree and woody regeneration as described in Osuri et al. 2017 (<i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33(4): 270-284. DOI: 10.1017/S0266467417000219). The vegetation sampling methods are briefly described below.</p><p>The present study was conducted in five tropical wet evergreen forest fragments located on the Valparai plateau (Fig. 1): Akkamalai (AK, 2600 ha), Upper Manamboli (UM, 100 ha), Lower Manamboli (LM, 100 ha), Tata Finlay (TF, 32 ha), and Injipara (IP, 18 ha).</p><p>In each site, vegetation was sampled in randomly placed noncontiguous plots of 20 × 20 m located at least 50 m apart and at least 20 m into the fragment interior from the edges, major trails, or roads. We sampled 20 plots each in IP, TF, and LM, and 25 plots each in UM and AK. Within each plot, all trees ≥30cm girth at breast height (gbh, at 1.3 m; corresponding to DBH of 9.55 cm) and lianas ≥1 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) were identified to species, counted, and their girth/diameter measured. For multi-stemmed trees bole girths were measured separately, basal area calculated and summed. Each 20 x 20 m plot was divided into four 10 × 10 m quarters.</p><p>For understory plants, 2 × 2 m quadrats were laid at the four corners of the 20 × 20 m plot (one in each of the corresponding four quarters) and all shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners found within the quadrats were enumerated and identified. The regeneration sampling was done in a 5 × 5-m plot (0.0025 ha) placed at the outer corner of the first (south-west) quarter of the 20 x 20 m plot. Within each regeneration plot, we identified, counted and measured all tree saplings >1 cm diameter at breast height (dbh, at 1.3 m) and <9.55 cm dbh (equivalent to <30 cm girth at breast height, gbh). Woody shrubs of 1–9.55 cm dbh were alsorecorded in the regeneration plots (but these were excluded in the Osuri et al. 2017 analysis).</p><p>For vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that is basally connected was considered as one individual. Canopy height was measured with a range finder and canopy closure was measured using a spherical densiometer. Vouchers were identified with regional flora and confirmed with the Western Ghats collections available in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, from our previous works in the region.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ACKNOLWEDGEMENTS</strong></p><p>Funders and other supporters of the research are acknowledged in the original publications. The compilation and publication of this dataset was carried out as part of an NCF project supported by Fondation Franklinia.</p><p><br><strong>FILES INCLUDED</strong></p><p>Besides the 00_README.txt file that contains this metadata, the dataset includes the following 11 files, whose details and contents are explained below.</p><p><br><strong>01_all_sites.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains details of the five study sites (three continuous forest and two forest fragment sites).<br> <br><i>Note</i>: Current Name of TF (Tata Finlay) site is Old Valparai, current name of Akkamalai (AK) is Iyerpadi-Akkamalai complex. Sites and codes correspond to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>eventDate: Date range when sampling was carried out in the sites<br>old_sitename: Name of the site as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)<br>sitecode: Site code as used in the Muthuramkumar et al. (2006) paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x)<br>site: Site name as at present and used in this dataset<br>decimalLatitude: latitude in decimal degrees North<br>decimalLongitude: longitude in decimal degrees East<br>geodeticDatum: Geodetic Datum WGS 84<br>coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Uncertainty in metres of the GPS location (as only one location available for entire site where points were distributed)<br>type: Indicates whether site was continuous rainforest or rainforest fragment<br>Area_ha: Area in hectares<br>Altitude_min_m: Minimum altitude in metres of sampled plots<br>Altitude_max_m: Maximum altitude in metres of sampled plots<br>Ownership: Whether site is in privately owned land or within state-protected reserve<br>Average_canopy_height_m: average canopy height in metres<br>Canopy_closure_%: estimated canopy closure in percentage<br>Nearby_plantations: Adjoining plantations</p><p><br><strong>02_all_trees_adult_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all adult trees >= 30 cm girth at breast height of 1.3 m (gbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn), with <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> added back in Injipara and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the original dataset corresponding to the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).<br> <br><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>gbh_1 to gbh_16: Girth at breast height of single- (gbh_1) and multi-stemmed (gbh_2 – gbh_16) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>03_all_liana_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all lianas >= 1 cm diameter at breast height of 1.3 m (dbh) recorded within 20 m x 20 m plots across three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Lianas were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 10m x 10m quarters within each adult plot<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>dbh_1 to dbh_11: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_11) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm) <br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>04_all_herbs_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of all understorey plants (shrubs, undershrubs, herbs, ferns, and small twiners) recorded in 2 m × 2 m quadrats laid at the four corners of each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Understorey plants were not included in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset (https: //doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn).</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m plot within each site<br>corner_no: An unique number assigned to each of four 2 m x 2 m quadrat laid at the four corners of the 20 m x 20 m plot<br>t_no: A number assigned to each individual species recorded within the corner plot.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to Appendix A of the main paper for full species names, and the 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Indicated as NA since these data were not used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>count: Number of individuals counted (for vegetatively propagating plants a clump of stems that was basally connected was considered as one individual)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>05_all_regeneration_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of woody seedlings and saplings (1-5 cm diameter at breast height at 1.3 m, dbh) and larger-stemmed trees (>5 cm dbh) recorded within single 5 m x 5 m regeneration plots nested within 20 m x 20 m plots. Plots were located in three continuous forests and two forest fragments. Data were filtered during analysis in Osuri et al. (2017, <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i>) to retain only seedling and saplings, defined as individuals with effective diameter <=5 cm.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Same as in the Osuri et al. (2017) dataset, with <i>Tithonia diversifolia</i> added back in Injipara from original dataset; and data from one additional site (Manamboli Lower) added back from the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 dataset.<br> <br><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>x: Row index<br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site<br>t_no: An unique number assigned to each individual seedling, sapling or tree within each site.<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology </i>33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>dbh_1 to dbh_12: Diameter at breast height of single- (dbh_1) and multi-stemmed (dbh_2 – dbh_12) individuals, measured in centimetres (cm) <br>eff_dbh: Effective diameter at breast height (cm)- calculated as ((dbh)^2 +(dbh_1)^2 +...+(dbh_12)^2)^(1/2),<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>06_all_canopy_readings.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains canopy-related measurements taken in each 20 m × 20 m plot in three continuous forests and two forest fragments.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Units of light meter reading were not recorded</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>reading: A number assigned to the 1 to 4 readings taken in each plot<br>light: Light measurement taken with a light meter in the plot<br>canopy_openness: Canopy openness (scored from 0-100%) using a spherical densiometer (Canopy cover = 100 - canopy openness)<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>07_all_extracanopy_trees_data.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: The file contains records of additional trees outside the 5 x 5 m plot whose canopy was overhead of the plot.</p><p><i>Note</i>: Species codes are used to denote presence (not count of stems) of that species in the overhead canopy.</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>site: Name of forest site<br>plot_no: An unique plot number assigned to each 20m x 20m adult tree plot within each site<br>q_no: The 5 m x 5 m plot was placed in the SW corner of the 20 m x 20 m plot in this q_no which indicates one of the four 10 m x 10 m quarters of the 20 m x 20 m plot, where each quarter was given a unique number in each site<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (for full species names refer to 06_all_species_names.csv file with this dataset)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in J<i>ournal of Tropical Ecology </i>33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn)<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>P_ID: Unique plot ID created by combining columns site and plot_no</p><p><br><strong>08_all_species_names.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: This file provides species codes and species scientific names as originally used in the Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper (https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x), and as matched with the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) species name matching tool</p><p><i>Note</i>: For plots that had no species occurrences (old_code = No herbs, Noliana), NA has been used for other columns</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>group: Code indicating main dataset group where species occurs (tree and regeneration data, liana data, understorey plants data)<br>old_code: Species codes used at the time of data collection (refer to traits data file for full species names)<br>osuri_code: Revised species codes if used in the Osuri et al. 2017 paper in <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 33: 270-284 (https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467417000219) and related dataset (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vd0nn) or else indicated as NA<br>current_code: Species codes used at present<br>original_name: Scientific name of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006)<br>original_fullname: Scientific name and authorship of plant species as used at the time of the original publication (Muthuramkumar et al. 2006)<br>original_family: Family of the plant species as used at the time of original publication<br>GBIFname: Scientific name as matched by GBIF species name matching tool<br>key: GBIF name matching tool key number<br>matchType: Type of match<br>confidence: Confidence returned by name matching tool<br>status: Whether accepted name or synonym<br>rank: Taxanomic rank (level) to which identified<br>kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom<br>phylum: Taxonomic Phylum<br>class: Taxonomic Class<br>order: Taxonomic Order<br>family: Taxonomic Family<br>genus: Taxonomic Genus<br>species: Taxonomic Species<br>canonicalName: Canonical part of scientific name matched by GBIF<br>authorship: Authorship of scientific name matched by GBIF<br>scientificName: Current scientific name (from species, genus, or family columns)</p><p><br><strong>09_tabula_Biotropica_appendix1.csv</strong></p><p><i>Description</i>: This file contains tabled values extracted from Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 paper in Biotropica (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x); extraction from PDF carried out using Tabula software (https://tabula.technology/)</p><p><i>Note</i>: Last 5 columns contain total abundance (count of individuals/stems) in the corresponding site.</p><p><i>Column names and descriptions:</i><br>slno: serial number<br>habit: Plant habit indicating trees, lianas, or understorey plants<br>species: species name as used in Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006<br>asterisk: species endemic to Western Ghats are indicated by an asterisk (∗ ), and invasive species by double asterisk (∗∗ ).<br>voucher_number: voucher number of herbarium specimen deposited in the herbarium of Salim Ali School of Ecology, Pondicherry University, India.<br>family: plant family as in Appendix 1<br>Iyerpadi-Akkamalai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Manamboli_Upper: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Manamboli_Lower: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Old_Valparai: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site<br>Injipara: abundance (total number of individuals counted) in this site</p><p><br><strong>10_Muthuramkumar et al 2006_Abstract and Appendix 1_extract_Biotropica.pdf</strong></p><p>Extracted PDF of first page with Abstract and Appendix 1 of Muthuramkumar et al. 2006 (DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x).</p><p><br><strong>11_figure_1_Biotropica_paper.jpg</strong></p><p>JPEG image of Figure 1 (map of study area) from the following publication:<br>MUTHURAMKUMAR, S., AYYAPPAN, N., PARTHASARATHY, N., MUDAPPA, D., RAMAN, T. R. S., SELWYN, M. A. & PRAGASAN, L. A. 2006. Plant community structure in tropical rain forest fragments of the Western Ghats, India. Biotropica 38: 143–160. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2006.00118.x</p>
High-resolution tropical rain-forest canopy climate data
<p><span>Canopy habitats challenge researchers with their intrinsically difficult access. The current scarcity of climatic data from forest canopies limits our understanding of the conditions and environmental variability of these diverse and dynamic habitats. We present 307 days of climate records collected between 2019 and 2020 in the tropical rainforest canopy of the Yasuní National Park, Ecuador. We monitored climate with a 10-minute temporal resolution in the middle crowns of eight canopy trees. The distance between canopy climate stations ranged from 700 m to 10 km. Apart from air temperature, relative humidity, leaf wetness, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), measured in each canopy climate station, global radiation, rainfall, and wind speed were measured in different subsets of them. We processed the eight data series to omit erroneous records resulting from sensor failures or lack of the solar-based power supply. In addition to the eight original data series, we present three derived data series, two aggregating canopy climate for valleys or for ridges (from four stations each), and one overall average (from the eight stations). This last derived data series contains 306 days, while the shortest of the original data series covers 22 days and the longest 296 days. In addition to the data, two open-source tools, developed in RStudio, are presented that facilitate data visualization (a dashboard) and data exploration (a filtering app) of the original and aggregated records.</span></p>
Litterfall production and litter decomposition experiments: in-situ datasets of nutrient fluxes in two Bornean lowland rain forests associated with Acacia invasion
<p>This dataset contains the original data from which the figures and tables for the article "Differential impacts of <em>Acacia</em> invasion on nutrient fluxes in two distinct Bornean lowland tropical rain forests" were prepared. It documents parameters relevant to nutrient fluxes via litterfall production and leaf litter decomposition rates from 2016 to 2017 in two selected lowland rainforests in Brunei Darussalam that are associated with <em>Acacia</em> invasion. Both litterfall sample collection and litter decomposition bag experiments followed standard protocols. Leaf litterfall fractions from the litterfall production experiment were analysed for nutrient contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and calcium (Ca). Nutrient addition and nutrient use efficiency values were calculated based on nutrient concentration and monthly leaf litterfall production in the different habitat types studied. The mean percentage of litter mass remaining, K day<sup>-1</sup>, K year<sup>-1</sup>, half-life t<sub>0.5</sub>, pH values, and nutrient concentrations (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) were calculated for leaf litter samples collected after 336 days in the different habitats.</p>
Data from: Proximate cues of flowering in a subtropical rain forest
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High-resolution tropical rain-forest canopy climate data
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Tally of seeds collected in seed-rain traps and the trees around the traps in Guánica Forest, Puerto Rico
Tropical dry forests that experience severe disturbances often remain degraded for long time periods, during which non‐native grasses and trees dominate. One barrier to native tree regeneration in degraded areas may be seed dispersal limitation. To better understand how dispersal limitation influences recovery from degradation, we tested whether the mode and rates of seed dispersal differed in degraded sites dominated either by the exotic tree Leucaena leucocephala or open areas dominated by introduced pasture grasses. We also tested whether L. leucocephala stands facilitate the recruitment of native trees by increasing their seed input compared to open grass areas.
Data from: Low coverage genomic data resolve the population divergence and gene flow history of an Australian rain forest fig wasp
Population divergence and gene flow are key processes in evolution and ecology. Model-based analysis of genome-wide datasets allows discrimination between alternative scenarios for these processes even in non-model taxa. We used two complementary approaches (one based on the blockwise site frequency spectrum (bSFS), the second on the Pairwise Sequentially Markovian Coalescent (PSMC)) to infer the divergence history of a fig wasp, Pleistodontes nigriventris. Pleistodontes nigriventris and its fig tree mutualist Ficus watkinsiana are restricted to rain forest patches along the eastern coast of Australia, and are separated into northern and southern populations by two dry forest corridors (the Burdekin and St. Lawrence Gaps). We generated whole genome sequence data for two haploid males per population and used the bSFS approach to infer the timing of divergence between northern and southern populations of P. nigriventris, and to discriminate between alternative isolation with migration (IM) and instantaneous admixture (ADM) models of post divergence gene flow. Pleistodontes nigriventris has low genetic diversity (π = 0.0008), to our knowledge one of the lowest estimates reported for a sexually reproducing arthropod. We find strongest support for an ADM model in which the two populations diverged ca. 196kya in the late Pleistocene, with almost 25% of northern lineages introduced from the south during an admixture event ca. 57kya. This divergence history is highly concordant with individual population demographies inferred from each pair of haploid males using PSMC. Our analysis illustrates the inferences possible with genome-level data for small population samples of tiny, non-model organisms and adds to a growing body of knowledge on the population structure of Australian rain forest taxa.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.