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547 results for “rainfall”
Soil water content measurements and rainfall data for plots with experimentally altered precipitation and nutrient inputs at the Jornada Basin LTER site, 2011-ongoing
This dataset contains soil volumetric water content data collected starting in 2011 for a long-term precipitation and nutrient manipulation experiment at the Jornada Basin LTER site in southern New Mexico, U.S.A. This experiment uses precipitation shelters and irrigation treatments to manipulate water inputs, and fertilization treatments to alter nitrogen input to 2.5 x 2.5 meter plots in a desert grassland. Soil sensors are installed at surface and deep soil layers in each plot and collect hourly averages of volumetric water content using a time-domain reflectometry method. This dataset contains daily averages. This is an ongoing study and the dataset will be updated yearly.
Soil and foliar carbon and nitrogen content and stable isotope ratios from rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER, 2011-2020
As rainfall extremes are expected to increase in novel magnitude and frequency, especially in dryland regions, we asked how prolonged and directional shifts to water availability may affect ecosystem carbon and nitrogen dynamics. This data set includes foliar and soil carbon and nitrogen stable isotope and concentration data collected from multiple long-term rainfall manipulation experiments at the Jornada Basin LTER. Datasets also include rainfall data adjusted to rainfall manipulation intensities. Collection dates range from 5 to 14 years since the onset of experimental treatments. The primary plant species targeted for this study were the dominant grass, Bouteloua eriopoda, and the dominant shrub, Prosopis glandulosa.
Dataset to Manuscript: Key drivers of pyrogenic carbon redistribution during a simulated rainfall event, Bellè et al. 2021 (Biogeosciences)
<p>Dataset to manuscript: Bellè, S-L., Berhe, A., Hagedorn, F., Santin, C., Schiedung, M., van Meerveld, I. and Abiven, S.: Key drivers of pyrogenic carbon redistribution during a simulated rainfall event, Biogeosciences, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-361, 2021. </p> <p>All parameters and variables are described in the "var_names" file.</p>
SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007-2021) global daily satellite rainfall including aggregated values and trend parameters as 10km resolution GeoTIFFs
<p>This is a GeoTIFF version of the <a href="http://hydrology.irpi.cnr.it/download-area/sm2rain-data-sets/">SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007-2021): global daily satellite rainfall from ASCAT soil moisture</a> data set v1.1 (Brocca et al. 2019). Conversion steps are available <a href="https://github.com/Envirometrix/LandGISmaps/tree/master/input_layers/SM2RAIN"><strong>here</strong></a>. Few important notes:</p> <ul> <li>Daily values are stored as integers, whereas in the NetCDF the dataset is rounded to one decimal place.</li> <li>The NetCDF has also a Quality Flag for a better and more informed use of the data (here omitted).</li> <li>P05, P50 and P95 indicate quantiles derived per pixel.</li> </ul> <p>Includes also long-term trends (trend.logit.ols) which was produced by fitting regression models to de-seasonalized time-series as explained in this <strong><a href="https://gitlab.com/openlandmap/global-layers/-/blob/master/input_layers/MOD13Q1/03-data-access.ipynb">python tutorial</a></strong>. Basically models are fitted for <strong>each pixel</strong> and the model parameters are saved as images.</p> <p>Monthly averages and s.d. of precipitation are available in the files:</p> <ul> <li>clm_precipitation_sm2rain.*_m_10km_s0..0cm_2007..2021_v1.5.tif = monthly precipitation in mm,</li> <li>clm_precipitation_sm2rain.*_sd.10_10km_s0..0cm_2007..2021_v1.5.tif = standard deviation of precipitation in mm * 10 per month (multiplied by 10 so Integers can be used),</li> </ul> <p>Downscaled monthly averages (1 km) are also available (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1435912">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1435912</a>).</p> <p>To cite this data set please refer to the <strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2591214">original copy</a></strong> of the data set.</p> <ul> <li>Brocca, L., Filippucci, P., Hahn, S., Ciabatta, L., Massari, C., Camici, S., Schüller, L., Bojkov, B., Wagner, W. (2019). <strong><a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019">SM2RAIN–ASCAT (2007–2018): global daily satellite rainfall data from ASCAT soil moisture observations</a></strong>. Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 1583–1601. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019">https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019</a></li> </ul>
Radar-derived rainfall event characteristics and ERA5 parameters
<p>Contains interpolated time series of areal radar variables from 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2020 for 15 operational radars (refer to radar_codes.txt) for specific sites, dataset of clustered rainfall events over all radar sites, and mean ERA5 variables over event duration for each event. Rainfall events were identified only using data within a 100km radius of the radar, with gaps of one timestep interpolated over using the arithmetic mean of value on either side of the gap, and using an areal mean rain rate threshold of 0.1 mm/h. Created using Level 2 rain rate and Steiner classification data from the Australian Unified Radar Archive (AURA) and ERA5 reanalysis data, both of which are available through NCI. </p>
Rainfall data from WRF simulations for the Atacama Desert for present and mid-Pliocene climate
<p>We provide model output for rainfall from WRF experiments for the present-day and mid-Pliocene climate. These are netCDF files that contain processed data shown in figures of Reyers et al. (accepted). Details on the files and content are listed in the primary data information Reyers_et_al_primary_data_information.pdf Refer to Reyers et al. (2022) for the full information on the data production and interpretation.</p> <p>This work used resources of the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) granted by its Scientific Steering Committee (WLA) under project ID bb1198. The research was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – Projektnummer 268236062 – SFB1211 "Earth-evolution at the dry limit" (https://sfb1211.uni-koeln.de/).</p> <p><strong>Reference</strong></p> <p>Reyers, M., Fiedler, S., Ludwig, P., Böhm, C., Wennrich, V., and Shao, Y.: On the importance of moisture conveyor belts from the tropical East Pacific for wetter conditions in the Atacama Desert during the Mid-Pliocene, Clim. Past Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2022-72, 2022, accepted.</p>
Daily rainfall series and rainfall erosivity in Mexico for three climatic normals (1968-1997, 1978-2007, and 1988-2017)
As in many countries around the world, there are some issues in the Mexican rainfall series, such as missing values, short measurement periods, and series homogeneity (breaks due to station relocation and measurement mistakes), which further compound the challenge of using climate data. Furthermore, it is necessary to develop a complete and helpful rainfall series database by following an imputing and homogenization process of the rainfall series. This research has compiled and systematized a national dataset with daily rainfall and rainfall erosivity for three climatic normals CN (1968-1997, 1978-2007, and 1988-2017). We have used the "climatol" package to fill the data. After, we calculated daily rainfall erosivity using a power law model. As a result, we obtained 1370, 1679, and 1683 rainfall series for the CNs 1968-1997, 1978-2007, and 1988-2017, respectively. The median values of the rainfall erosivity for the three CNs were 3245, 3070, and 3327 MJ mm/ ha h yr, respectively. We are making this database available for public consultation for researchers and students, technical assistants, decision-makers, and others interested in environmental studies in Mexico.
Leaf digestibility under rainfall manipulated treatments in the C3 and C4 plant communities (South Dakota, 2020-2022)
The leaf samples were collected from a randomized block two-factor split plot experiment with two precipitation-manipulation treatments (small size frequent events, and large size infrequent events, with constant total size) and two aboveground plant communities (C3 and C4 grasses) with five replications in western South Dakota, USA. The dominated C3 grass is western wheatgrass [Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love], and the dominated C4 grasses are buffalograss [Bouteoula dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus] and blue gramma [Bouteoula gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Griffiths]. The samples was collected within sampling quadrat by hand at the end of each month from May to September, 2020-2022, then dried immediately at 80˚C for 7 days. Dried samples were grinded into <1mm by bead beater. We used the sequential fiber analysis protocol (ANKOM Technology) and an ANKOM fiber analyzer to measure and calculate the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), the acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) of the grinded leaf samples. The final data contained both concentration and content of different fibers in the leaf samples.
Microbial and soil moisture impacts of compost amendments and rainfall pulses in a degraded dryland soil, Arizona, 2021-2023
Compost, an organic soil amendment, has been proposed to increase soil carbon storage and water-holding capacity in drylands, and this management strategy may be particularly impactful in degraded drylands with low soil organic content. Compost additions and rainfall variability may interact to affect soil moisture, which is an important catalyst for soil microbial activity. This dataset is from a study that investigated how variable compost application amounts and simulated rainfall pulses affect soil moisture, microbial activity, and carbon content in a laboratory incubation study. Soils were amended with different amounts of compost (0, 0.35, and 0.70 g cm -2) and water pulses (5, 10, and 15 mm) in a full-factorial design. Each treatment received the same cumulative amount of water throughout the incubation, but pulses occurred at different frequencies (every 5, 10, and 15 days). Soil moisture content and microbial respiration were measured daily. Soil carbon content was measured at the end of the experiment.
Palmyra Atoll Weather Tables and Monthly Rainfall 2008-2017
Weather data collected from Palmyra Atoll by US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Nature Conservancy for the period of 2010-2016, with rainfall data available from 2008-2017.
Rainfall Stable Isotopes collected at Florida International University-MMC (FCE LTER), Miami, Florida, USA, October 2007 - ongoing
δ18O and δ2H values for precipitation collected at the Modesto A. Maidique Campus of Florida International University (FIU) relative to Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water. Rainfall was collected from the roof of AHC-1 building (25.75772 ºN, 80.37108 ºW) from October 2007 to November 2022 using an Aerochemitrics wet/dry collector. Since December 2022, rainfall has been collected using a Palmex Rain Collector located in the FIU Organic Garden (25.75490 ºN, 80.37985 ºW). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope ratios were measured on a Los Gatos Research DLT-100 Liquid-Water Isotope Analyzer in the Hydrogeology laboratory at FIU since the project inception.
Water Quality Data (Rainfall-driven autosampler) from the Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park (FCE LTER), Florida, USA, June 2003 - ongoing
Water quality samples are being collected using ISCO autosamplers at all freshwater sites: SRS1a (not active), SRS1c (not active), SRS1d, SRS2, and SRS3. Rain level actuators are used at the sites to trigger water sampling after rain events exceed a given threshold of duration and/or intensity. As currently programmed, when a rain event at a site exceeds the threshold of 2.5 cm per hour, the autosampler at that site collects a 1000mL sample 30 minutes later. The samples are retrieved from the site every 3-4 weeks and analyzed for total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), and salinity. Salinity values were not taken consistently from 2000 to mid-2017; those values were replaced by -9999 in the data. See also Shark River Slough precipitation data package (knb-lter-fce.1092) and Shark River Slough extensive water quality data (knb-lter-fce.1072) on the FCE LTER website's data catalog or in the EDI repository.
AGW04 Measurement of stream chemical properties during growing season rainfall events at konza prairie, 2024
During the 2024 growing season, stream water chemical properties were measured during seven rainfall events in watersheds N01B, N02B, and N04D at Konza Prairie Biological Station. Just before and during the storms, stream water samples were collected hourly using automated samplers located just upstream or downstream from theflume in each watershed. At the same location, stream pH and temperature was also measured every 5 minutes using data loggers situated near the stream sampler inlet tubes. Following each storm, the samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filter membranesand then analyzed for concentrations of alkalinity, major cations and anions, non-purgeable organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and water stable isotopes. Select trace element concentrations and strontium isotope ratios were also analyzed during one of the storm events. The primary goal was to assess event-level variation in stream concentration-discharge relationships in watersheds with variable extents of woody plant encroachment. Discharge data accompanying these results are available in datasets ASD02, ASD05, and ASD06.
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
The Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME) is to understand changes in ecosystem structure and function of a semiarid grassland caused by increased precipitation variability, which alters the pulses of soil moisture that drive primary productivity, community composition, and ecosystem functioning. The overarching hypothesis being tested is that changes in event size and variability will alter grassland productivity, ecosystem processes, and plant community dynamics. In particular, we predict that many small events will increase soil CO2 effluxes by stimulating microbial processes but not plant growth, whereas a small number of large events will increase aboveground net primary production (ANPP) and soil respiration by providing sufficient deep soil moisture to sustain plant growth for longer periods of time during the summer monsoon. To measure ANPP (i.e., the change in plant biomass, represented by stems, flowers, fruit and foliage, over time), the vegetation variables in this dataset, including species composition and the cover and height of individuals, are sampled twice yearly (spring and fall) at permanent 1m x 1m plots. The data from these plots is used to build regressions correlating biomass and volume via weights of select harvested species obtained in SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data." This biomass data is included in SEV206, "Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP for the Monsoon (MRME) Study."
Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Seasonal Biomass and Seasonal and Annual NPP Data at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Begun in fall 2006, this long-term study at the Sevilleta LTER examines changes in net primary production (NPP) caused by increased precipitation variability within a semiarid grassland. Net primary production is a fundamental ecological variable that quantifies rates of carbon consumption and fixation. Estimates of NPP are important in understanding energy flow at a community level as well as spatial and temporal responses to a range of ecological processes. While measures of both below- and above-ground biomass are important in estimating total NPP, this study focuses on above-ground net primary production (ANPP). Above-ground net primary production is the change in plant biomass, including loss to death and decomposition, over a given period of time. Volumetric measurements are made using vegetation data from permanent plots (SEV188, "Monsoon Rainfall Manipulation Experiment (MRME): Net Primary Production Quadrat Data") and regressions correlating species biomass and volume constructed using seasonal harvest weights from SEV157, "Net Primary Productivity (NPP) Weight Data."
A 2-minute rainfall (12 locations) and discharge time series at the Vallon de Nant catchment, Switzerland, for 2018 summer seasons
<p>The data set contains rainfall time series within the experimental 13.4 km² Vallon de Nant catchment, Switzerland (Michelon et al., 2020), from June 30th to September 23rd 2018 at 12 locations. A network of <em>Pluvimate</em> drop-counting raingauges (www.driptych.com) measured continuously the rainfall intensity at a 2-minute resolution. Operation and characteristics of the raingauges are detailed in Benoit et al. (2018) and Michelon et al. (2020), and the rating curve is described by Ceperley et al. (2018).</p> <p>Description of the files:</p> <ul> <li><em><strong>data.csv</strong></em> contain the rainfall intensities for the observation period, along with the main river discharge measured at the <a href="https://map.geo.admin.ch/?lang=fr&topic=ech&bgLayer=ch.swisstopo.pixelkarte-farbe&layers=ch.swisstopo.zeitreihen,ch.bfs.gebaeude_wohnungs_register,ch.bav.haltestellen-oev,ch.swisstopo.swisstlm3d-wanderwege,KML%7C%7Chttps:%2F%2Fpublic.geo.admin.ch%2FaLKDanGXRPGMpB_D51f2Tg&layers_visibility=false,false,false,false,true&layers_timestamp=18641231,,,,&E=2574619.27&N=1122462.26&zoom=8">outlet</a> over the same 2-minutes time step as the rainfall intensity. We also provide areal rainfall intensity aggregated over the whole catchment:<br> Columns: <ul> <li>year [-]</li> <li>month [-]</li> <li>day [-]</li> <li>hour [-]</li> <li>minute [-]</li> <li>specific discharge 95% inf. [mm/day]: inferior values of the specific discharge (with 95% of confidence interval) over 2 minutes</li> <li>specific discharge 95% sup. [mm/day]: superior values of the specific discharge (with 95% of confidence interval) over 2 minutes</li> <li>specific discharge mean [mm/day]: mean value of the specific discharge over 2 minutes</li> <li>specific discharge median [mm/day]: median value of the specific discharge over 2 minutes</li> <li>P St. #X [mm]: rainfall amount measured at the station X over 2 minutes</li> <li>P stochastic mean [mm/h]: rainfall amount interpolated over the whole catchment over 2 minutes</li> <li>P stochastic std [mm/h]: standard deviation of the stochastic rainfall interpolation, over 2 minutes</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><em>stations.csv</em></strong> describes the raingauge locations.<br> Columns: <ul> <li>Station ID [-]</li> <li>lon [WGS84]: decimal longitude of the station into WGS84</li> <li>lat [WGS84]: decimal latitude of the station into WGS84</li> <li>E [CH1903]: east coordinate into Swiss Coordinate System</li> <li>N [CH1903]: north coordinate into Swiss Coordinate System</li> <li>elevation [m asl]: altitude of the station in meters above the sea level</li> <li>data in 2017 [-]: flag if the station was working over the 2017 observation period</li> <li>data in 2018 [-]: flag if the station was working over the 2018 observation period</li> </ul> </li> <li><em><strong>rainfall_viewer.m</strong></em> is a <em>MatLab</em> script (created with <em>MatLab 2017b</em>) which allows the joint visualization of the rainfall intensities and river discharge. It produces a composite figure with the following plots: <ul> <li>On top the general hydrograph over the whole observation period [mm/day]. The red dashed lines mark out period that the other plots are focus on. The shaded orange areas correspond to when the river stage data was not available.</li> <li>Below, the zoomed hydrogram show a detailed view of the river discharge (and uncertainty). In case a river reaction is associated, the discharge event is marked out by red dashed lines. Between these vertical lines is drawn a line joining the initial and final baseflow, separating the discharge amount fed by the baseflow (under the line) to the fast runoff (over the line). The red square shows the center of mass of the fast runoff part.</li> <li>In the middle a zoomed magnification of the hydrograph that shows a detailed view of the discharge in the river [mm/day]. When a river response is associated, the discharge event is marked with dashed red lines. Between these vertical lines a line joining the initial and final baseflow is drawn, separating the discharge amount fed by the baseflow (under the line) to the fast runoff (over the line). The red square shows the center of mass of the fast runoff.</li> <li>At the bottom are shown the rainfall recorded by each of the 12 rain gauges (the y-axis scale between 2 stations is about 20 mm/h). The rainfall event is marked out by green dashed lines.</li> <li>Above is shown the rainfall amount (and uncertainty) interpolated over the catchment using the stochastic method. The rainfall event is marked out by green dashed lines.</li> <li>On the left, a map with the 12 raingauge locations show the total amount of rainfall recorded by each station during the event (a red cross shows missing data).<br> <br> It is possible to zoom in the plots by clicking with the left and right mouse buttons to define respectively the starting and ending of the visualization window. The middle button defines a third time reference used to identify rainfall intensity peaks or discharge peaks. Statistics concerning the visualization period are displayed on the MatLab console.<br> Pressing [enter] will save the figure into a PNG file named with the starting and ending dates of the visualization window.</li> </ul> </li> <li><strong><em>Q_stats.m </em></strong>is a MatLab function used by the main code rainfall_viewer.m</li> <li><strong><em>print_figure.m </em></strong>is a MatLab function used by the main code rainfall_viewer.m</li> <li><strong>data.mat</strong> is a MatLab data file with all data required by the main code rainfall_viewer.m</li> </ul>
Monthly time series of rainfall, potential evapotranspiration and streamflow for 201 catchments in South-East Australia
<p>The data set contains data for 201 catchments located in South-Eastern Australia. The data was extracted from the datasets collated by Lerat, Thyer et al. (2020) including rainfall and potential-evapotranspiration data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology Australian Water Outlook website (Frost, Ramchurn et al. 2016) and streamflow data obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology Water Data Online website (Bureau of Meteorology 2019). The data was collected over the period from 1980 to 2018, split into the two sub-periods 1980-1999 (Period 1) and 1999-2018 (Period 2).</p><p> </p><p>Bureau of Meteorology. (2019). "Water Data Online." from <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/waterdata">http://www.bom.gov.au/waterdata</a>.</p><p>Frost, A. J., A. Ramchurn and A. Smith (2016). "The bureau's operational AWRA landscape (AWRA-L) Model." Bureau of Meteorology Technical Report.</p><p>Lerat, J., M. Thyer, D. McInerney, D. Kavetski, F. Woldemeskel, C. Pickett-Heaps, D. Shin and P. Feikema (2020). "A robust approach for calibrating a daily rainfall-runoff model to monthly streamflow data." Journal of Hydrology<strong>591</strong>: 125129.</p>
SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007-2022): global daily satellite rainfall from ASCAT soil moisture
<p><strong>SM2RAIN-ASCAT is a new global scale rainfall product</strong> obtained from ASCAT satellite soil moisture data through the SM2RAIN algorithm (<em>Brocca et al., 2014; 2019</em>). The SM2RAIN-ASCAT rainfall dataset (in mm/day) is provided over a regular grid at 0.1-degree sampling (3600x1801) on a global scale. The product represents the accumulated rainfall between the 00:00 and the 23:59 UTC of the indicated day. The SM2RAIN method was applied to the ASCAT soil moisture product (<em>Wagner et al., 2013</em>) for the period from January 2007 to December 2022 (16 years), for version 2.1.2n.</p> <p>The rainfall dataset is provided in NetCDF format. A total of 16 NetCDF files, one per year, are provided. The quality flag provided with the dataset has been used to mask out low quality data, as well as the areas characterised by complex topographic, frozen soil, and presence of tropical forests. In addition to the daily accumulated rainfall value, also the rainfall noise (mm/day) is provided for every day.</p> <p><strong>Version 2.1.2 should not be used due to an error in the precipitation data. Version 2.1.2n with respect to version 2.1 is calibrated anew and extended to December 2022.</strong></p> <p>A GeoTIFF version of the dataset (v1.5) is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2615278">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2615278</a></p> <p>A monthly version at 0.25- and 0.5-degree resolution (v1.4) is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4570191">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4570191</a></p> <p>A sample dataset that can be used for testing SM2RAIN algorithm is available here: <a href="../record/2580285#.XLrYDugzbIU">https://zenodo.org/record/2580285</a></p> <p>Details on the dataset development and its assessment with ground and reanalysis observations are provided as:</p> <p><strong>Brocca, L.</strong>, Filippucci, P., Hahn, S., Ciabatta, L., Massari, C., Camici, S., Schüller, L., Bojkov, B., Wagner, W. (2019). SM2RAIN-ASCAT (2007-2018): global daily satellite rainfall from ASCAT soil moisture. <em>Earth System Science Data</em>, 11, 1583–1601, doi:10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019">https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-1583-2019</a>.</p> <p><strong>Simple Python and Matlab codes for the extraction of SM2RAIN-ASCAT rainfall at one and multiple station(s)\location(s) are available at (note that reader for versions <1.3 are not usable for version >1.3): </strong><a href="https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/SM2RAIN_ASCAT_reader">https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/SM2RAIN_ASCAT_reader</a></p> <p><strong>The SM2RAIN code in Python is available here</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/sm2rain">https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/sm2rain</a><br><strong>The SM2RAIN code in Matlab is available here</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/SM2RAIN_Matlab">https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/SM2RAIN_Matlab</a><br><strong>The SM2RAIN code in R is available here</strong>: <a href="https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/sm2rainR">https://github.com/IRPIhydrology/sm2rainR</a></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p> <ul> <li>EUMETSAT Global SM2RAIN project (contract n° EUM/CO/17/4600001981/BBo)</li> <li>EUMETSAT "Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management (H SAF)" CDOP 3 (EUM/C/85/16/DOC/15).</li> </ul>
Daily Rainfall Anomalies in the Brazilian Northeast (DRA-BNE)
<p>This dataset contains the daily precipitation anomalies in the Brazilian northeast calculated from the GPCP dataset (combined sources of precipitation measurement) in the period from 1996-10-01 to 2021-07-31, in the geographic boundaries 42°W - 30°W/20.5°S - 0°. The GPCP dataset has an original resolution of 1 degree, but this dataset was interpolated by the bilinear method, obtaining a resolution of 0.25 degrees.</p>
SM2RAIN-CCI (1 Jan 1998 – 31 December 2015) global daily rainfall dataset
<p>A NEW GLOBAL SCALE RAINFALL PRODUCT obtained from satellite soil moisture data through the SM2RAIN algorithm (<em>Brocca et al., 2014</em>), at 0.25 degree/daily spatial-temporal resolution, has been delivered (Ciabatta et al., 2018). The SM2RAIN method was applied to the ESA CCI soil moisture Active and Passive products (<em>Liu et al., 2011, 2012; Wagner et al., 2012</em>) for the period from January 1998 to December 2015 (18 years).</p> <p>The CCI-derived rainfall datasets (in mm/day) is gridded over a 0.25-degree grid on a global scale. The number of dates is 6574 (1998/01/01 – 2015/12/31). The product represents the cumulated rainfall between the 00:00 and the 23:59 UTC of the indicated day. A climatological correction has been applied to the data at monthly scale.</p> <p>The rainfall dataset is provided in netCDF format. A total of 18 netCDF files, one per year, are provided.</p> <p>The rainfall dataset is obtained by applying the SM2RAIN algorithm to the ESA CCI soil moisture Active and Passive products at version 03.1 separately. Then, an integration procedure based on a weighted average is applied in order to obtain the rainfall estimate. The algorithm has been calibrated during three different periods (1998-2001, 2002-2006 and 2007-2013) against the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre Full-Data daily dataset (GPCC-FDD, Schamm et al., 2015). The quality flag provided within the raw soil moisture observations has been used to mask out low quality data, as well as the areas characterized by high topographic complexity, high frozen soil and snow probability and presence of tropical forests.</p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Brocca, L., Ciabatta, L., Massari, C., Moramarco, T., Hahn, S., Hasenauer, S., Kidd, R., Dorigo, W., Wagner, W., Levizzani, V. (2014). Soil as a natural rain gauge: estimating global rainfall from satellite soil moisture data. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research</em>, 119(9), 5128-5141, doi:10.1002/2014JD021489.</p> <p>Ciabatta, L., Massari, C., Brocca, L., Gruber, A., Reimer, C., Hahn, S., Paulik, C., Dorigo, W., Kidd, R., and Wagner, W.: SM2RAIN-CCI: a new global long-term rainfall data set derived from ESA CCI soil moisture, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 267-280, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-267-2018, 2018.</p> <p>Liu, Y. Y., Parinussa, R. M., Dorigo, W. A., De Jeu, R. A. M., Wagner, W., van Dijk, A. I. J. M., McCabe, M. F., Evans, J. P. (2011). Developing an improved soil moisture dataset by blending passive and active microwave satellite-based retrievals. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 15, 425-436, doi:10.5194/hess-15-425-2011.</p> <p>Liu, Y.Y., Dorigo, W.A., Parinussa, R.M., de Jeu, R.A.M., Wagner, W., McCabe, M.F., Evans, J.P., van Dijk, A.I.J.M. (2012). Trend-preserving blending of passive and active microwave soil moisture retrievals, Remote Sensing of Environment, 123, 280-297, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.014.</p> <p>Schamm, K., Ziese, M., Raykova, K., Becker, A., Finger, P., Meyer-Christoffer, A., Schneider, U. (2015). GPCC Full Data Daily Version 1.0 at 1.0°: Daily Land-Surface Precipitation from Rain-Gauges built on GTS-based and Historic Data. DOI: 10.5676/DWD_GPCC/FD_D_V1_100.</p> <p>Wagner, W., Dorigo, W., de Jeu, R., Fernandez, D., Benveniste, J., Haas, E., Ertl, M. (2012). Fusion of active and passive microwave observations to create an Essential Climate Variable data record on soil moisture, ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences (ISPRS Annals), Volume I-7, XXII ISPRS Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 25 August-1 September 2012, 315-321.</p>
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