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20 results for “regulated river”
Simulated river flow and temperature in regulated river systems in the southeastern United States
<p>Streamflow and stream temperature are important water resources variables, and regional-scale simulations are essential for water resources management and multi-sector assessment for large regions, e.g., regional ecological assessment and power system planning. In large-scale stream temperature modeling practices, reservoir thermal stratification is mostly ignored. We have synthesized a process-based modeling approach, consisting of a series of established models, to simulate streamflow and stream temperature for a complicated river-reservoir system, which explicitly considers thermal stratification. This approach consists of a large-scale, spatially-distributed hydrological model (Variable Infiltration Capacity or VIC; Liang et al., 1994; Hamman et al., 2018), a river routing model (Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport or MOSART; Li et al., 2013), coupled to a spatially-distributed water management model (WM; Voisin et al., 2013, 2017), and a stream temperature model (River Basin Model or RBM; Yearsley, 2009; 2012) that includes a two-layer reservoir thermal stratification module (2L; Niemeyer et al., 2018). To generate this dataset, we applied this modeling approach at a temporal resolution of 1 day and a spatial resolution of 1/8º to river systems in the southeastern United States that include 271 major reservoirs. We used an ensemble of downscaled meteorological forcing data from 20 global climate models (GCM) based on RCP8.5 to simulate potential climate change impacts. This dataset includes simulated river flow and temperatures for both historical (1980-2009; 1980s) and future periods (2070-2099; 2080s). The simulations for the 1980s are based on the gridMet data set (Abatzolglou, 2013), which also forms the basis for the statistical downscaling that is applied to each of the climate models. All simulations for the 2080s are based on downscaled climate model outputs. This dataset includes streamflow and stream temperature using both unregulated and regulated model setups to quantify the impacts of reservoir regulations. The unregulated setup does not account for withdrawals and impoundments in the river system. The stream temperature in the unregulated model setups is constant in each river cross section. In the regulated setup, we explicitly considered reservoir regulation, thermal stratification, and water withdrawal. For a more detailed description of the model configuration, please see Cheng et al. (2020).</p> <p> </p> <p>File structure and filenames: The archive includes two directories, named “streamflow/” and “stream_temperature/”, which contain model output for streamflow and stream temperature, respectively. Within each directory, subdirectories named “regulated/” and “unregulated/” contain model output for the regulated and unregulated model setups, respectively. All data files are in netCDF format and provide model outputs at a temporal resolution of 1 day and a spatial resolution of 1/8º. The unit for streamflow is m<sup>3</sup>/s and the unit for stream temperature is °C.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files are constructed as follows:</p> <p>SERC.<climate simulation>.RCP85.<model setup>.<variable>.nc</p> <p>where</p> <ul> <li><climate simulation> is either ‘historical’ for the simulation that represents the 1980s or an abbreviation that indicates the climate model for the simulations that represent the 2080s. The abbreviations for the climate models are shown in column 1 in the Table below.</li> <li><model setup> is either ‘regulated’ or ‘unregulated’ for the regulated and unregulated model setups, respectively.</li> <li><variable> is either ‘streamflow’ or ‘stream_temperature’ for streamflow and stream temperature, respectively.</li> </ul> <p>More details please see README.pdf</p>
Large effect loci mediate rapid adaptation of salmon body size after river regulation
<p>Understanding the potential of natural populations to adapt to altered environments is becoming increasingly relevant in evolutionary research. Currently, our understanding of adaptation to human alteration of the environment is hampered by lack of knowledge on the genetic basis of traits, lack of time series, and little or no information on changes in optimal trait values. Here we used time series data spanning nearly a century to investigate how body mass of Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) adapts to river regulation. We found that the change in body mass followed the change in waterflow, both decreasing to ~1/3 of their original values. Allele frequency changes at two loci in the regions of <em>vgll3</em> and <em>six6 </em>predicted more than 80% of the observed body mass reduction. Modelling the adaptive dynamics revealed that the population mean lagged behind its optimum before catching up ~6 salmon generations after the initial waterflow reduction. Our results demonstrate rapid adaptation mediated by large effect loci and provide insight into the temporal dynamics of evolutionary rescue following human disturbance.</p>
Data for: Mimicking functional elements of the natural flow regime promotes native fish recovery in a regulated river
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Training data from: Machine learning predicts which rivers, streams, and wetlands the Clean Water Act regulates
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Prediction data from: Machine learning predicts which rivers, streams, and wetlands the Clean Water Act regulates
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Data from: Variations of trophic structure and niche space in fish community along a highly regulated subtropical large river
<p><span>The trophic interactions between consumers and resources play a vital role in the stability of communities.</span><span> In river systems, fragmentation of natural habitats and environmental changes alters the energy basis and community composition, consequently leading to variations in the community's trophic structure and niche space. However, our understanding of how the trophic structure responds to environmental changes is still very limited. Here, based on stable isotope data, we explored and compared trophic positions (TPs), community-wide trophic metrics, and isotope niche space of fish communities in three reaches with different hydrogeomorphic conditions along a highly regulated subtropical river over three seasons. The community trophic structure and niche space showed notable spatiotemporal variations. Overall, the downstream reach had lower</span> <span>TPs and trophic</span><span> diversity but higher trophic redundancy. The middle reach occupied a wider isotope niche space than other reaches, with the largest niche size during autumn. Furthermore, the niche overlap was relatively high in winter between reaches and in the downstream between seasons. The results implied a homogenization of feeding functional groups and energy flow pathways of species in the downstream community associated with the change of energy source and stability of hydrological conditions.</span> <span>The relationship between trophic structure and environmental factors suggested that the dam-induced alteration in hydrological-related aspects may drive the changes in the functional group composition, together with changes in energy basis, resulting in differences in the trophic structure of the community. The results of the present study deepen our understanding of how ecosystem functions respond to disturbance,</span> <span>thus contributing to an improved ability to conserve river ecosystems.</span></p>
Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland
<p>This dataset is model outputs archive from a model study about 'Subsurface redox interactions regulate ebullitive methane flux in heterogeneous Mississippi River deltaic wetland' (manuscript is Under Review). Plotting scripts are also included in this data file. There are four model results. 'Ebull' model output are ebullition flux, 'Jswi' model output are diffusion flux across soil-water interface, and 'Methane' files are porewater concentration results in each soil layers, and 'LtranR' model outputs for redox species exchange rates across different soil layers. The model source codes can be found at <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8084441">https://zenodo.org/record/8084441</a> and <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/8087566">https://zenodo.org/record/8087566</a>.</p>
Macroinvertebrate diversity, community structure, and dispersal in a regulated river are affected by tributary identity and confluence conditions
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Data from: Variations of trophic structure and niche space in fish community along a highly regulated subtropical large river
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Data from: Retrospective stable isotope analysis reveals ecosystem responses to river regulation over the last century
Disruption of natural flow regimes, nutrient pollution, and other consequences of human population growth and development have impacted most major rivers of the world. Alarming losses of aquatic biodiversity and biotic homogenization coincide with human-caused river alteration, but effects on aquatic ecosystem processes are not as well documented. This is because unaltered systems for comparison are scarce, and some ecosystem-wide effects may take decades to manifest. We evaluated aquatic ecosystem responses to extensive river-floodplain engineering and nutrient addition in the Rio Grande of southwestern North America as revealed by changes in trophic structure of, and resource availability to, the fish community. Stable Isotope Analysis (SIA) was conducted on museum-preserved fishes collected over a 70-year period of intensive river management and exponential human population growth. Trophic complexity and resource heterogeneity for fish consumers (measured as 'isotopic niche breadth') decreased following sediment deprivation and channelization, and these effects persist into the present. Increased nutrient inputs led to δ15N enrichment in the entire fish community at all affected sites, and a shift to autochthonous sources of carbon at the most proximal site downstream of wastewater release probably via 'bottom-up' transfer. Overall, retrospective SIA of apex consumers suggests radical change and functional impairment of a floodplain river ecosystem already marked by significant biodiversity loss.
Data from: Flow restoration and the impacts of multiple stressors on fish communities in regulated rivers
River regulation for hydropower is undertaken worldwide, causing profound alterations to hydrological regimes and running water habitats. Regulated catchments are often subjected to additional stressors, arising inter alia from agriculture, forestry and industry, which are likely to interact with impacts of river regulation on fish and other biota. Such interactions are poorly understood, hindering planning of effective mitigation and restoration. We investigated fish responses to increased discharge (as a restoration measure) in regulated rivers in Sweden. We compiled electrofishing data from river channels downstream of hydropower dams, each of which either has or lacks a mandated minimum discharge corresponding to c. 5% of pre‐regulation discharge. We further analysed interactions between flow restoration and co‐occurring local and regional stressors. River channels without a mandated minimum discharge were characterised by a low diversity of fish species with traits favouring persistence under unpredictable environmental conditions, including omnivory, short life cycles and small size. Additional stressors further reduced diversity, and increased dominance by broad niched, opportunistic species. Both the presence and magnitude of a mandated minimum discharge were positively related to fish diversity and density, and the relative density of three economically and recreationally valuable species. However, the size of these relationships frequently varied with the presence of additional stressors. Increasing levels of hydrological degradation and reduced connectivity at the catchment scale reduced positive flow‐ecology relationships and hindered restoration of fish communities towards reference conditions. However, application of a mandated minimum discharge also assisted in mitigating impacts of some co‐occurring stressors, especially reduced riparian integrity. Synthesis and applications. Additional stressors can strongly influence the outcomes of flow restoration for fish community diversity and composition. Our approach combining fish species and trait data from multiple flow restoration projects with information on additional stressors yielded valuable insights into factors affecting flow restoration success, useful for (i) identifying the systems most likely to benefit from mandated minimum flows, (ii) modelling influences of multiple stressors on flow‐ecology relationships, (iii) prioritising additional measures to manage co‐occurring stressors and enhance outcomes from flow restoration.
Modeling and Regulation of Water Exchange between the Oxbow Lake and the Middle Yangtze River
<p>The above data serves as the complete supporting material for the study conducted in the paper “Modeling and Regulation of Water Exchange between the Oxbow Lake and the Middle Yangtze River”, available for interested researchers to study and discuss.</p>
Identification of upper thermal thresholds during development in the endangered Nechako white sturgeon with management implications for a regulated river
<p>Climate change-induced warming effects are already evident in river ecosystems and projected increases in temperature will continue to amplify stress on fish communities. Additionally, many rivers globally are impacted by dams which have many negative effects on fishes by altering flow, blocking fish passage, and changing sediment composition. However, in some systems, dams present an opportunity to manage river temperature through regulated releases of cooler water. For example, there is a government mandate for Kenney dam operators in the Nechako River, BC Canada, to maintain river temperature below 20°C in July and August to protect migrating sockeye salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus</em> <em>nerka</em>). However, there is another endangered fish species inhabiting the same river, Nechako white sturgeon (<em>Acipenser</em> <em>transmontanus</em>), and it is unclear if these current temperature regulations, or timing of the regulations, are suitable for spawning and developing sturgeon. In this study, we aimed to identify upper thermal thresholds in white sturgeon embryos and larvae to investigate if exposure to current river temperatures are playing a role in recruitment failure. We incubated embryos and yolk-sac larvae in three environmentally relevant temperatures (14°, 18°C, and 21°C) throughout development to identify thermal thresholds across different levels of biological organization. Our results demonstrate upper thermal thresholds at 21°C across physiological measurements in embryo and yolk-sac larvae white sturgeon. Prior to hatch, both embryo survival and metabolic rate were reduced at 21°C. Following hatch, sublethal consequences continued at 21°C as larval sturgeon had decreased thermal plasticity and a dampened transcriptional response during development. In recent years, the Nechako River has reached 21°C by the end of June, and at this temperature, a decrease in sturgeon performance is evident in most of the traits measured. As such, the thermal thresholds identified here suggest current temperature regulations may not be suitable for developing white sturgeon and future recruitment.</p>
Data from: Flow restoration and the impacts of multiple stressors on fish communities in regulated rivers
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Data from: Retrospective stable isotope analysis reveals ecosystem responses to river regulation over the last century
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Identification of upper thermal thresholds during development in the endangered Nechako white sturgeon with management implications for a regulated river
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Supporting data for: Where and When Does Streamflow Regulation Significantly Affect Climate Change Outcomes in the Columbia River Basin?
<p>Unregulated and regulated streamflow statistics presented in: Where and When Does Streamflow Regulation Significantly Affect Climate Change Outcomes in the Columbia River Basin?</p>
Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge Adjacent to Large Rivers
<p>Supporting Information</p>
Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge Adjacent to Large Rivers
<p>Map data</p>
Hydrologic Connectivity Regulates Lacustrine Groundwater Discharge Adjacent to Large Rivers
<p>supporting information</p>
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