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18 results for “remnant habitat”
Data from: Habitat selection in transformed landscapes and the role of forest remnants and shade coffee in the conservation of resident birds
1. Biodiversity conservation in transformed landscapes is becoming increasingly important. However, most assessments of the value of modified habitats rely heavily on species presence and/or abundance, masking ecological processes such as habitat selection and phenomena like ecological traps, which may render species persistence uncertain. High species richness has been documented in tropical agroforestry systems but comparisons with native habitat remnants generally lack detailed information on species demography and habitat use. 2. We generated a multi-species, multi-measure framework to evaluate the role of habitat selection in the adaptation of species to transformed landscapes, and demonstrate that its use could affect how we value the contribution different land uses make to biodiversity conservation. 3. We analyzed seven years of capture-mark-recapture and observation data for twelve species of resident birds present in native forest remnants and shade coffee plantations in a mega-diverse region. We assessed whether species behaved adaptively by evaluating the correlation between measures of habitat preference (occurrence, abundance, fidelity, inter-seasonal variance and age) and performance (body condition, muscle, primary molt, breeding and juveniles) in forest and coffee, and generated hypotheses about their role in species persistence. 4. We documented adaptive habitat selection for seven species, non-ideal selection for four, and maladaptive selection for one. While many species showed equal-preference and/or equal performance in many traits, in general we found more evidence for birds preferring and/or performing better in forest than coffee, although relationships between our indicators and population adaptation need to be studied further before our proposed framework can be applied to more species and landscapes. 5. While shade coffee can act as a biodiversity-friendly matrix providing complementary or supplementary habitat to a wide range of resident bird species, protecting remnants of native vegetation is still of paramount importance for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes. 28-Aug-2019
Fig. 2 in Richness of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) depends on the area and habitat structure in semideciduous forest remnants
Fig. 2. Rarefaction and extrapolation curve (a) and sample-coverage curve (B) of Chrysomelidae assemblage from remnant forest fragments in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. In both figures, solid lines represent observed data, dashed lines represent the extrapolation (900 individuals) and shaded areas the 95% confidence intervals (based on a bootstrap method with 1,000 replications).
Fig. 1 in Richness of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) depends on the area and habitat structure in semideciduous forest remnants
Fig. 1. Brazil (light grey), Mato Grosso do Sul State (dark grey) and the regions where the Chrysomelidae assemblage was collected (circles).
Fig. 3 in Richness of Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) depends on the area and habitat structure in semideciduous forest remnants
Fig. 3. Path diagram showing the direct and indirect effects of the variables on the Chrysomelidae species richness from remnant forest fragments in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The directions of the arrows indicate the direction of effects and the width of arrows is proportional to the effect size. The black arrows indicate significant effects (alpha ≤ 0.05) and the gray arrows indicate insignificant effects.
Data from: Genetic effects of anthropogenic habitat fragmentation on remnant animal and plant populations: a meta-analysis
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Habitat selection in transformed landscapes and the role of forest remnants and shade coffee in the conservation of resident birds
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Data from: Remnant salmon life history diversity rediscovered in a highly compressed habitat
<p>Chinook salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</em>) display remarkable life history diversity underpinning their ability to adapt to environmental change. Maintaining life history diversity is vital to the resilience and stability of Chinook salmon metapopulations, particularly under rapidly changing climates. However, the conditions that promote life history diversity are rapidly disappearing, as anthropogenic forces promote homogenization of habitats and genetic lineages. In this study, we use the highly modified Yuba River in California to understand if distinct genetic lineages and life history still exist, despite reductions in spawning habitat and hatchery practices that have promoted introgression. There currently is a concerted effort to protect federally listed spring run populations, given that few wild populations still exist. Despite this, we lack a comprehensive understanding of the genetic and life history diversity of Chinook salmon present in the Yuba River system. To understand this diversity, we collected migration timing data and GREB1L genotypes from hook-and-line, acoustic tagging, and carcass surveys of Chinook salmon in the Yuba River between 2009-2011. Variation in the GREB1L region of the genome is tightly linked with run timing in Chinook salmon throughout the range, but the relationship between this variation and entry on spawning grounds is little explored in the Central Valley. We found that the date Chinook salmon crossed the lowest barrier to Yuba River spawning habitat (Daguerre Point Dam) was tightly correlated with their GREB1L genotype. Importantly, our study confirms that ESA-listed spring run Chinook salmon are spawning in the Yuba River, promoting a portfolio of life history and genetic diversity, despite spawning in a compressed habitat. This work highlights the need to identify and protect this life history diversity in heavily impacted systems to maintain healthy Chinook salmon metapopulations in those systems. Without this, we run the risk of losing the last vestiges of important variation.</p>
Data from: Remnant salmon life history diversity rediscovered in a highly compressed habitat
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Data from: Effects of removing woody cover on long‐term population dynamics of a rare annual plant (Agalinis auriculata): a study comparing remnant prairie and oldfield habitats
1. Worldwide, grasslands are becoming shrublands/forests. In North America, eastern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana) often colonizes prairies. Habitat management can focus on woody removal, but we often lack long-term data on whether removal leads to population recovery of herbaceous plants without seeding. 2. We undertook a long-term study (17 years) of numbers of the rare annual plant Agalinis auriculata in a gridwork of 100 m2 plots in adjacent prairie and oldfield sites in Kansas, USA. We collected data before and after removal of Juniperus virginiana at the prairie. 3. Plant population sizes were highly variable at both sites and over time. High numbers of plants in a plot one year were often followed by low numbers the following year, suggesting negative density-dependence. Plant numbers were lowest with extensive woody cover and with low precipitation. After woody plant removal, A. auriculata increased dramatically in abundance and occupancy in most years; increases were also seen at the oldfield, suggesting later survey years were overall more favorable. 4. Synthesis and applications: Removal of woody plants led to increased numbers of a rare annual prairie plant, without seeding. Multiple years of data were essential for interpretation given extreme temporal variability in numbers. The largest prairie population was seven years following tree removal, showing that positive effects of management can last this long. This species also fared well in oldfield habitat, suggesting restoration opportunities. Given that land managers are busy, time-efficient field methods and data analysis approaches such as ours offer advantages. In addition to general linear models, we suggest Rank Occupancy Abundance Profiles (ROAPs), a simple-to-use data visualization and analysis method. Creation of ROAPs for sites before and after habitat management helps reveal the degree to which plant populations are responding to management with changes in local density, changes in occupancy, or both.
Does stress mess with rodents' heads? Influence of habitat availability and genetic factors in mandible fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in South American water rats (Nectomys squamipes, Sigmodontinae) from Brazilian Atlantic rainforest remnants
<p>Loss of developmental stability can lead to deviations from bilateral symmetry (i.e. Fluctuating Asymmetry -FA), and is thought to be caused by environmental and genetic factors associated with habitat loss and stress. Therefore, levels of FA might be a valuable tool to monitor wild populations if FA serves an indicator of exposure to stress due to impacts of habitat loss and fragmentation. In studies examining FA and habitat fragmentation, FA levels are often explained by loss of genetic variation, though few studies have addressed FA's use as indicator of environmental impact. Here we investigated whether habitat loss, genetic variation and/or inbreeding affect the developmental instability in Brazilian Atlantic rainforest populations of a Neotropical water rat (Nectomys squamipes). We sampled individuals from eight forest remnants with different amounts of available habitat and assessed FA levels with geometric morphometric techniques using adult mandibles. We used observed heterozygosity (Ho) and inbreeding coefficient (Fis), from seven microsatellite markers, as a proxy of genetic variation at individual and population levels. Populations were not significantly different for shape or size FA levels. Furthermore inter-individual variation in both shape and size FA levels, as well as inter-populational differences in size FA levels, were best explained by chance. However, habitat availability was negatively associated with both inter-populational variance and average shape FA levels. This association was stronger in populations living in areas with less than 20% of habitat available, which presented higher variance and higher average of FA, suggesting that Nectomys squamipes might have a tolerance threshold to small availability of habitat. Our work was one of the first to use FA to address environmental stress caused by reduced habitat availability in small mammal populations from a Neotropical biome. We suggest that shape FA might serve as a conservation tool to monitor human impact on natural animal populations.</p>
Data from: The effect of habitat fragmentation on the genetic structure of a top predator: loss of diversity and high differentiation among remnant populations of Atlantic Forest jaguars (Panthera onca)
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Data from: Effects of removing woody cover on long‐term population dynamics of a rare annual plant (Agalinis auriculata): a study comparing remnant prairie and oldfield habitats
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Does stress mess with rodents’ heads? Influence of habitat availability and genetic factors in mandible fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in South American water rats (Nectomys squamipes, Sigmodontinae) from Brazilian Atlantic rainforest remnants
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Data from: Disturbance, microclimate and historical habitat connectivity determine the population performance of the threatened grassland specialist Carex caryophyllea in remnant grasslands
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Figure 4 from: Gandhi K, Epstein M, Koehle J, Purrington F (2011) A quarter of a century succession of epigaeic beetle assemblages in remnant habitats in an urbanized matrix (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 667-689. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1954
Figure 4 - Dendrogram for the similarity/dissimilarity in standardized per trap catches of epigaeic beetle assemblages in sampling years 1980 and 2005 (A) and 1981 and 2005 (B) in cottonwood and oak stands, and old fields.
Figure 2 from: Gandhi K, Epstein M, Koehle J, Purrington F (2011) A quarter of a century succession of epigaeic beetle assemblages in remnant habitats in an urbanized matrix (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 667-689. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1954
Figure 2 - Mean (+SE) standardized total catches of epigaeic beetles (A), and Cyclotrachelus sodalis sodalis LeConte (B) caught in 1980 and 2005 in cottonwood (N = 3) and oak (N =4) stands, and old fields (N = 2).
Figure 3 from: Gandhi K, Epstein M, Koehle J, Purrington F (2011) A quarter of a century succession of epigaeic beetle assemblages in remnant habitats in an urbanized matrix (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 667-689. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1954
Figure 3 - Estimated mean species richness of epigaeic beetles using rarefaction analyses in sampling years 1980 and 2005 (A) and 1981 and 2005 (B) in cottonwood and oak stands, and old fields.
Figure 1 from: Gandhi K, Epstein M, Koehle J, Purrington F (2011) A quarter of a century succession of epigaeic beetle assemblages in remnant habitats in an urbanized matrix (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 667-689. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.147.1954
Figure 1 - Location of study sites in Ramsey County and major cities in Minnesota, USA.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.