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22 results for “repertoire size”
Fig. 1. Residentmalependulinetitsreacttoplaybacksongandadummypendulinetit aroundtheirnest. Behaviouralresponsesincludedattacking, i.e in Acoustic Signalling In Eurasian Penduline Tits Remiz Pendulinus: Repertoire Size Signals Male Nest Defence
Fig. 1. Residentmalependulinetitsreacttoplaybacksongandadummypendulinetit aroundtheirnest. Behaviouralresponsesincludedattacking, i.e. peckingatthedummy, as
Fig. 2 in Acoustic Signalling In Eurasian Penduline Tits Remiz Pendulinus: Repertoire Size Signals Male Nest Defence
Fig. 2. SonogramsofsometypicalsyllabletypesofEurasianpendulinetits. Songbouts mayconsistofvarioussyllables (topandbottomsonograms) ormayincludemonotone
Fig. 3 in Acoustic Signalling In Eurasian Penduline Tits Remiz Pendulinus: Repertoire Size Signals Male Nest Defence
Fig. 3. Approachdistance (a) and % behaviouralresponses (b) towardsanintruderinre- lationtotheresidentmale'sownrepertoiresize. Behaviouralresponsesincludedcalling, singing, tailquiveringandattacking. Opencirclesindicateresponsesofchallengedresi- dentsonsmallrepertoireplayback, whereasfilledcirclesindicatethesamemales' respons- esonlargerepertoireplayback. Notethatpointsshownontheupperhalfregionof (a) represent males that were mostly present very close to their nest (15 m from the stimulus,
Figure 4 in The song structure and repertoire size of Daurian Redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) in South Korea
Figure 4. Cumulative plot showing the number of new syllable types produced by 20 Daurian Redstart males against the nth bird sampled in South Korea. The number of the new syllable types leveled off at approximately the 15th male sampled; the equation shown is for the curve-fit.
Figure 5 in The song structure and repertoire size of Daurian Redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) in South Korea
Figure 5. Cumulative number of syllable types per each song part produced by 20 Daurian Redstart males against the nth bird sampled in South Korea.
Figure 3 in The song structure and repertoire size of Daurian Redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) in South Korea
Figure 3. Cumulative plot showing the number of syllable types produced by 20 Daurian Redstart males against the nth song sampled. Most of the songs reached the peak syllable types at approximately the 18th song. A1 to E4 is the ID of each individual.
Figure S1 in The song structure and repertoire size of Daurian Redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) in South Korea
Figure S1. Syllable types in whistle, subsyllable, and syllable parts of 400 songs of 20 individuals from five population samples in 2015 and 2016 in South Korea.
Demographics and song repertoire sizes of cirl bunting populations
<p>In order to improve conservation outcomes translocation or reintroduction of individuals may be necessary. When song learning birds are translocated, changes in the cultural diversity of song repertoires, or abnormal vocalisations, in the new population can be a problem. We monitored song production over 8 years in a reintroduced population of the cirl bunting (<em>Emberiza cirlus</em>). Chicks were removed from nests in Devon, UK, between 2006-2011, translocated at six days old to be hand-reared and released in Cornwall, UK. Recordings at the release site in 2011 showed a significantly reduced population repertoire and individuals sang abnormal song types compared to the source populations in Devon. However, recordings in 2019, showed population song repertoire had reached the level of source populations of similar size, and song types were species typical. Our study shows that species can recover from a cultural bottleneck and suggests that, for some song learning birds, if translocation of nestlings is necessary it may not lead to long-term problems for communication and thus population persistence. For future translocations of nestlings, we recommend that efforts are made to provide tutoring to enable song learning. This may be achieved by providing recordings but may also include providing adult song tutors. In addition, playback of 'normal' songs to translocated populations may aid in development of species typical song repertoires, although care must be taken that this is not disturbing the reintroduced birds.</p>
Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
The evolution of mammalian olfaction is manifested in a remarkable diversity of gene repertoires, neuroanatomy, and skull morphology across living species. Olfactory receptor genes (ORG), which initiate the conversion of odorant molecules into odor perceptions and help an animal resolve the olfactory world, range in number from a mere handful to several thousand genes across species. Within the snout, each of these ORGs is exclusively expressed by a discrete population of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN), suggesting that newly evolved ORGs may be coupled with new OSN populations in the nasal epithelium. Because OSNs axon bundles leave high-fidelity perforations (foramina) in the bone as they traverse the cribriform plate (CP) to reach the brain, we predicted that taxa with larger ORG repertoires would have proportionately expanded footprints in the CP foramina. Previous work found a correlation between ORG number and absolute CP size that disappeared when body size effects were accounted for. Using updated, digital measurement data from high-resolution CT scans and reexamining the relationship between CP and body size, we report a striking linear correlation between relative CP area and number of functional ORGs across species from all mammalian superorders. This correlation suggests strong developmental links in the olfactory pathway between genes, neurons, and skull morphology. Furthermore, because ORG number is linked to olfactory discriminatory function, this correlation supports relative CP size as a viable metric for inferring olfactory capacity across modern and extinct species. By quantifying CP area from a fossil sabertooth cat (Smilodon fatalis) we predicted a likely ORG repertoire for this extinct felid.
Figure 1 in The song structure and repertoire size of Daurian Redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) in South Korea
Figure 1. The map of recording sites of Daurian Redstart songs in South Korea.
A preliminary comparison of a songbird's song repertoire size and other song measures between an urban and a rural site
<p>Characteristics of birdsong, especially minimum frequency, have been shown to vary for some species between urban and rural populations and along urban-rural gradients. However, few urban-rural comparisons of song complexity—and none that we know of based on the number of distinct song types in repertoires—have occurred. Given the potential ability of song repertoire size to indicate bird condition, we primarily sought to determine if number of distinct song types displayed by Song Sparrows (<i>Melospiza melodia</i>) varied between an urban and a rural site. We determined song repertoire size of 24 individuals; 12 were at an urban ('human-dominated') site and 12 were at a rural ('agricultural') site. Then, we compared song repertoire size, note rate, and peak frequency between these sites. Song repertoire size and note rate did not vary between our human-dominated and agricultural sites. Peak frequency was greater at the agricultural site. Our finding that peak frequency was higher at the agricultural site compared to the human-dominated site, contrary to many previous findings pertaining to frequency shifts in songbirds, warrants further investigation. Results of our pilot study suggest that song complexity may be less affected by anthropogenic factors in Song Sparrows than are frequency characteristics. <a name="_Hlk80603521">Additional study, however, will be required to identify particular causal factors related to the trends that we report and to replicate, ideally via multiple urban-rural pairings, so that broader generalization is possible. </a></p>
Data from: Olfaction written in bone: cribriform plate size parallels olfactory receptor gene repertoires in Mammalia
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Demographics and song repertoire sizes of cirl bunting populations
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A preliminary comparison of a songbird's song repertoire size and other song measures between an urban and a rural site
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Song parameters, repertoire size and song sharing within and across age classes in the saffron finch
<p>Birds sing mostly to attract partners or to defend territories or resources. In relation to the first function, song can vary with age if older experienced males signal their quality through their vocal output. Regarding the second function, song can also vary with age if singing behavior helps mediate social interactions through repertoire sharing with neighbors. Here, we investigate whether song parameters change with age, and in which direction, in saffron finches Sicalis flaveola pelzelni, obligate secondary cavity nesters which produce elaborate melodious songs and show delayed plumage maturation. Cross-sectional comparisons revealed that second year (SY) males sing shorter syllables, and shorter and less versatile songs than older after second year males (ASY), as expected if the latter are more experienced singers. Longitudinal comparisons, which better depict age-related changes, showed that as birds age one year, song length and repertoire size do not change significantly, syllable duration shortens and, as expected for experienced singers, song versatility increases. Correlations between repertoire distance and nesting distance suggest that both SY and ASY males might be adjusting their repertoires to those of ASY neighbors; the former pattern conforms to the expectations if young birds try to emulate the songs of more experienced birds, while the latter is expected if song sharing helps de-escalating antagonistic social interactions amongst males. This research, which provides the first description of song parameters in young second year saffron finches, expands our knowledge of song variation across age classes in songbirds.</p>
Song parameters, repertoire size and song sharing within and across age classes in the saffron finch
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Data from: Multiple factors affect the evolution of repertoire size across birds
<p>Changes in signaling repertoires across species allow for insight into the macroevolutionary forces that control signaling systems. Signaling systems are theorized to be affected by both the social and ecological environments of species. With respect to social variables, increased social complexity is thought to lead to increased vocal complexity. Although ecology can affect signaling systems in numerous ways, one potential effect of ecology is that more cluttered habitats should lead to greater reliance on non-visual (e.g. vocal) signals. To test these concepts on a macroevolutionary scale, we compiled a large dataset of avian vocal repertoires. We amassed vocal repertoires for 821 species of birds and for many of these species categorized their vocalizations into usage categories (e.g. alarm, contact). To analyze the social and ecological forces that act on repertoire evolution, we incorporated datasets with several social variables (e.g. cooperative breeding and length of social bond), and included data on the habitat and foraging behaviors of species within the dataset. We used Bayesian phylogenetic analysis to test for potential relationships within the data. We found that cooperative breeding was a significant predictor of larger repertoire size in birds; we also find several, more targeted effects. For instance, foraging strata affected repertoire size and repertoire composition. In sum, we find considerable evidence that social features affect repertoire size while certain ecological variables have more targeted effects on vocal repertoires.</p>
Data from: Multiple factors affect the evolution of repertoire size across birds
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Data from: Olfactory receptor repertoire size in dinosaurs
The olfactory bulb (OB) ratio is the size of the olfactory bulb relative to the cerebral hemisphere, and is used to estimate the proportion of the forebrain devoted to smell. In birds, OB ratio correlates with the number of olfactory receptor (OR) genes and therefore has been used as a proxy for olfactory acuity. By coupling OB ratios with known OR gene repertoires in birds, we infer minimum repertoire sizes for extinct taxa, including non-avian dinosaurs, using phylogenetic modeling, ancestral state reconstruction and comparative genomics. We highlight a shift in the scaling of OB ratio to body size along the lineage leading to modern birds, demonstrating variable OR repertoires present in different dinosaur and crown-bird lineages, with varying factors potentially influencing sensory evolution in theropods. We investigate the ancestral sensory space available to extinct taxa, highlighting potential adaptations to ecological niches. Through combining morphological and genomic data, we show that, while genetic information for extinct taxa is forever lost, it is potentially feasible to investigate evolutionary trajectories in extinct genomes.
Data from: Olfactory receptor repertoire size in dinosaurs
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.