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13 results for “residential yards”
Phoenix, Arizona (USA) residential yard management and vegetation change over time: 2008-2019
This project sampled residential front yards in four Phoenix, AZ neighborhoods to address questions about how residential yard vegetation varies among neighborhoods and changes over time and in response to resident attitudes. Neighborhoods were located on an approximate north-to-south transect in the city of Phoenix and represented different dominant landscape types (xeric or mesic) and different socioeconomic conditions. The project originated in summer 2008, when approximately 100 parcels were selected in each of the four neighborhoods for front yard vegetation sampling. All yards which could be relocated and accessed in the summer of 2018 were resampled, and current residents were surveyed to understand their yard management motivations, attitudes, and changes made. Yards of 100 survey respondents were resampled a third time in 2019. Yard sampling primarily focused on yard woody vegetation identification, but also included ground cover, yard type of neighboring yards, and features such as fences, lighting, and social infrastructure. Social and yard survey data can be linked with unique identifiers provided in the datasets.
American Residential Macrosystems - Bird community data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"This dataset includes abundance of breeding bird species recorded in residential yards and nearby natural and interstitial areas (i.e.unmanaged vegetation areas in the residential/wildland interface) in six cities across the U.S. Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Phoenix, AZ. Yards were grouped in 4 categories based on fertilizer input frequency, landscaping style and their impact on hydrology: high-input lawns, low-input lawns, wildlife-certified yards and yards with low impact on hydrology (or rain gardens). Bird data was collected via standardized 10-min point counts during the breeding season in 2017 or 2018. "
American Residential Macrosystems - Soil chemistry data within parks and residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"In six major U.S. metropolitan cities (Boston, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis St. Paul, and Phoenix), 1 meter soil cores were collected to evaluate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycle processes that are sensitive to land management. Laboratory methods followed those used by Raciti et al. (2011a,b) to measure microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, microbial respiration, potential net nitrogen mineralization, potential net nitrifcation, potential denitrifcation, and pools of extractable ammonium and nitrate. "
American Residential Macrosystems - Presence/absence and cultivation status of plant species within residential yards in seven major metropolitan areas, 2012-2013
"We used the presence and absence of plant species in residential yards and nearby natural areas to assess biotic ecological homogenization in seven cities across the U.S. that span major ecological biomes and climatic regions (Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, Phoenix, AZ. and Salt Lake City, UT). "
American Residential Macrosystems - Presence/absence of plant species within land use groups in residential yards in six major metropolitan areas in the United States, 2017-2018
"This dataset includes presence/absence of plant species recorded in residential yards and nearby natural and interstitial areas (i.e.unmanaged vegetation areas in the residential/wildland interface) in six cities across the U.S. Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, and Phoenix, AZ. Yards were grouped in 4 categories based on fertilizer input frequency, landscaping style and their impact on hydrology: high-input lawns, low-input lawns, wildlife-certified yards and yards with low impact on hydrology (or rain gardens)."
American Residential Macrosystems - Lawn plant data within residential yards in seven major metropolitan areas, 2012-2015
"In seven major U.S. metropolitan cities (Boston, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City, and Phoenix), 1m2 plots were sampled in residential front and backyards, as well as nearby natural areas, in order to evaluate the plant community composition, diversity, and percent cover of plant species. In addition, in Los Angeles and Salt Lake City, full yard plant communities were also sampled for a plant community of the entire yard. "
American Residential Macrosystems - Soil chemistry data within residential yards in six major metropolitan areas, 2012-2013
"In six major U.S. metropolitan cities (Boston, Baltimore, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Phoenix), 1-meter soil cores were collected to evaluate soil microbial carbon and nitrogen cycle processes that are sensitive to land management. Laboratory methods followed those used by Raciti et al. (2011a,b) to measure microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content, microbial respiration, potential net nitrogen mineralization, potential net nitrification, potential denitrification, and pools of extractable ammonium and nitrate. "
The ecological role of native-plant landscaping in residential yards to birds during the nonbreeding period
<p class="MsoNormal">Residential yards are a form of urban land use that cover a considerable amount of area in cities worldwide and provide important habitat for wildlife, especially when landscaped with native plants. Nevertheless, most native-plant landscaping and wildlife research in the northern temperate regions of the world has been conducted during the spring and summer breeding periods, leaving a gap in our understanding of the importance of residential yards and native plants as habitats for animals during the nonbreeding period. To fill this gap, we quantified the ecological role of native-landscaped yards to avifauna throughout Greater Los Angeles, California (L.A.) during the winter nonbreeding period, which is a time of year when the region hosts a high abundance and diversity of migratory and resident birds. We surveyed birds and habitat features from October-March of 2020 and 2021 at 22 pairs of native and nonnative-landscaped yards plus ten additional native-landscaped yards. We had three objectives for our study. First, we compared avifaunal communities, including feeding and nonfeeding behaviors, and habitat features between native and non-native-landscaped yards. Second, we quantified relationships between habitat features and bird richness, abundance, and feeding and nonfeeding behaviors — focusing on species affiliated with urban or natural terrestrial ecosystems of the region. Third, we documented feeding and nonfeeding behaviors by birds with native and non-native plants. Native-landscaped yards had a greater cover of native trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants, and a higher cover of natural habitat elements, including leaf litter and bare-ground cover. Bird richness and abundance — especially bird species affiliated with tree and shrub-dominated ecosystems — were greater in native than nonnative-landscaped yards. Further, yards with a higher cover of native plants supported greater numbers of feeding birds, with individuals focusing their foraging behaviors on distinct native trees and shrubs, including <em>Quercus </em>spp. (oak), <em>Heteromeles </em>spp.<em> </em>(toyon), <em>Arctostaphylos </em>spp. (manzanita), and <em>Salvia </em>spp. (sage). Our results suggested that residential yards landscaped with native plants provide important habitats for birds during the nonbreeding period and are a viable approach for residents and cities if improving conditions for birds throughout the annual cycle is a goal.</p>
The ecological role of native-plant landscaping in residential yards to birds during the nonbreeding period
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The conservation value of residential yards: Linking birds and people
Urbanization is recognized as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity throughout the world. However, the vegetation within an urbanized landscape is diverse and includes a variety of native and exotic plant species. This variation allows for testing whether certain landscape designs outperform others in the support of native biodiversity. Residential yards represent a large component of an urban landscape and, if managed collectively for birds and other wildlife, could offset some of the negative effects of urbanization. In addition, many urbanites have their primary interaction with the natural world in their front and back yards. Therefore, ensuring positive wildlife experiences for them is essential in promoting urban biodiversity. At the Central Arizona – Phoenix Long Term Ecological Research (CAP LTER) site, we tested the efficacy of native landscaping in residential yards in attracting native birds. We also explored the links between socioeconomic factors, landscape designs, and urban gradient measurements with the urban bird communities. A Redundancy Analysis suggested that native desert bird species increased in abundance in neighborhoods with desert landscaping designs, neighborhoods closer to large desert tracts, and in higher income neighborhoods. Variance partitioning showed that collectively these three sets of environmental variables explained almost fifty percent of the variation in the urban bird community. Results suggested racial and economic inequities in access to biodiversity, whereby predominantly Hispanic and lower income neighborhoods had fewer native birds. Furthermore, we also found that residents’ satisfaction with bird diversity was positively correlated with actual bird diversity. Our study provides new insights into the relative importance of socioeconomic variables and common urban ecological measurements in explaining urban bird communities. Urban planners can use this information to develop residential landscapes that support the
Linking foraging decisions to residential yard bird composition
Urban bird communities have higher densities but lower diversity compared with wildlands. However, recent studies show that residential urban yards with native plantings have higher native bird diversity compared with yards with exotic vegetation. Here we tested whether landscape designs also affect bird foraging behavior. We measured the amount of resources remaining, or giving-up densities (GUD) for final foragers on artificial food patches in residential yards in Phoenix, AZ, USA. We assessed how two yard designs (mesic: lush, exotic vegetation; xeric: drought-tolerant and native vegetation) differed in foraging costs. Further, we developed a statistical model to calculate GUDs for every species visiting the patch. Birds foraging in mesic yards depleted patches to a lower level (i.e. had lower GUDs) than birds foraging in xeric yards. After accounting for bird densities, the lower GUDs in mesic yards appeared largely driven by invasive and synanthropic species. Furthermore, yard design affected individual species behavioral responses. Species visiting trays in both yard designs had lower GUDs in mesic yards. Differences in the missed opportunity (alternative resources more abundant in xeric yards) and the digestive cost (moist conditions in mesic yards) both contributed to our results while predation costs did not. Enhancing the GUD method with our statistical model provided insights into how individual species and bird densities influenced the GUD. If the described differences we found in foraging behavior are indicative of differences in habitat quality, then this would lend additional support for native landscapes to help reverse the loss of urban bird diversity.
Local plant richness predicts bee abundance and diversity in a study of urban residential yards
<p>Understanding the drivers of biodiversity in cities is a central goal of urban ecology. There is currently intense scientific and public interest in the factors that influence pollinator diversity in cities and their surroundings. Existing studies point to a variety of landscape and local factors as potentially important, including urbanization (often defined as impervious surface cover in the surrounding lands), tree canopy cover and the diversity and abundance of locally flowering plants. However, few studies have sought to weigh the relative importance of these predictors of bee community metrics. Using a set of 27 residential yards chosen to represent a gradient of both urbanization and tree canopy cover at a landscape scale, we used pan trapping and netting to assess the abundance and diversity of local bee communities across the City of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. Surprisingly, the landscape factors (urbanization and tree cover) described only a tiny fraction (< 1%) of the total variance in bee abundance and diversity across sites. This was true regardless of the scale of analysis at which the landscape factors were measured. Instead, a yard's floral richness, and, to a somewhat lesser extent, its floral abundance, emerged as the most important predictors of a yard's bee community abundance and diversity. Our study offers an important counterpoint to a growing body of work emphasizing the impacts of landscape factors on bee communities. Instead, our research suggests that improving bee floral resources by increasing the plant species richness and abundance locally is a powerful tool to support bee conservation, regardless of the level of urbanization or tree cover in the surrounding landscape. Our work highlights that the practice of promoting 'bee-friendly' plantings in private yards, currently being undertaken by a number of non-profits around the world, can play an important role in restoring and maintaining urban pollinator communities.</p>
Local plant richness predicts bee abundance and diversity in a study of urban residential yards
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