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40 results for “resilience to drought”

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zenodo44/100

Raw Data and Scripts for manuscript submitted to Oikos as 'Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in a Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems'

Raw Data and Scripts for manuscript submitted to PCI as 'Early Spring Snowmelt and Summer Droughts Strongly Impair the Resilience of Key Microbial Communities in Subalpine Grassland Ecosystems'

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2021View details →

zenodo44/100

Venkataraman et al. Two novel, tightly linked, and rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought

VERSION 1: These supplementary files accompany the manuscript by Venkataraman et al. entitled "Rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought." This includes all raw data in the paper, supplementary data, and instructions for the blood puck feeder. VERSION 2: Supplemental Data Files 16-20 were added on 12/19/2022 to accompany a revision of the original bioRxiv pre-print after peer-review at eLife. VERSION 3: New versions of all files were added on 3/21/2023 to accompany the version of record published in eLife: Krithika Venkataraman , Nadav Shai, Priyanka Lakhiani, Sarah Zylka, Jieqing Zhao, Margaret Herre, Joshua Zeng, Lauren A Neal, Henrik Molina, Li Zhao, Leslie B Vosshall. Two novel, tightly linked, and rapidly evolving genes underlie Aedes aegypti mosquito reproductive resilience during drought. Elife. 2023 Feb 6;12:e80489. PMID: 36744865 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.80489

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

zenodo40/100

Dataset of Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities

Data used in the article:  Rainy years counteract negative effects of drought on taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity: resilience in annual plant communities Abstract 1- Climate models forecast changes in the amounts and distribution of rain, which may affect ecosystems worldwide, especially in drylands where water is already the limiting factor for plant life. Annual plant communities are common in drylands where they can complete their entire life cycle during the rainy period while avoiding the dry season. Moreover, seed dormancy allows them to disperse over time by remaining in the seed bank for long periods. However, the extent to which these communities will be able to tolerate increasing drought is uncertain. 2- We performed a five-year rainfall reduction treatment under field conditions and determined its effects on annual plant communities in a Mediterranean gypsum ecosystem. We assessed the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of these communities each year for five years. 3-The taxonomic and functional diversity decreased under the rainfall reduction treatment whereas the phylogenetic diversity increased. Moreover, the relative importance of species with drought-resistant functional designs increased in the community assemblages. However, after a rainy season with above average rainfall, all of the diversity values recovered completely even under the rainfall reduction treatment. 4- Our results provide important insights into the responses of these plant communities under a climate change scenario, where they indicate high losses of diversity during drought events but rapid recovery in milder years. Synthesis Our findings highlight the great resilience of annual plant communities in drylands, which may allow them to tolerate increased drought under the present climate change scenario.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Resilience of seed production to a severe El Niño‐induced drought across functional groups and dispersal types

More frequent and severe El Niño Southern Oscillations (ENSO) are causing episodic periods of decreased rainfall. Although the effects of these ENSO-induced droughts on tree growth and mortality have been well studied, the impacts on other demographic rates such as reproduction are less well known. We use a four-year seed rain dataset encompassing the most severe ENSO-induced drought in more than 30 years to assess the resilience (i.e. resistance and recovery) of the seed composition and abundance of three forest types in a tropical dry forest. We found that forest types showed distinct differences in the timing, duration and intensity of drought during the ENSO event, which likely mediated seed composition shifts and resilience. Drought-deciduous species were particularly sensitive to the drought with overall poor resilience of seed production, whereby seed abundance of this functional group failed to recover to pre-drought levels even two years after the drought. Liana and wind-dispersed species were able to maintain seed production both during and after drought suggesting that ENSO events promote early successional species or species with a colonization strategy. Combined, these results suggest that ENSO-induced drought mediates the establishment of functional groups and dispersal types suited for early successional conditions with more open canopies and reduced competition among plants. The effects of the ENSO-induced drought on seed composition and abundance were still evident two years after the event suggesting the recovery of seed production requires multiple years that may lead to shifts in forest composition and structure in the long-term, with potential consequences for higher trophic levels like frugivores.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: How neighbourhood interactions control the temporal stability and resilience to drought of trees in mountain forests

1. Over the coming decades, the predicted increase in frequency and intensity of extreme events such as droughts is likely to have a strong effect on forest functioning. Recent studies have shown that species mixing may buffer the temporal variability of productivity. However, most studies have focused on temporal stability of productivity, while species mixing may also affect forest resilience to extreme events. Our understanding of mechanisms underlying species mixing effects on forest stability and resilience remains limited because we ignore how changes from intraspecific to interspecific interactions in the neighbourhood of a given tree might affect its stability and resilience to extreme drought (i.e. response during and after this drought). This is crucial to better understand forests' response to climate change and how diversity may help maintain forest functioning. 2. Here we analysed how local intra‐ or interspecific interactions may affect the temporal stability and resilience to drought of individual trees in French mountain forests, using basal area increment data over the previous 20 years for Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba and Quercus pubescens. We analysed the effect of interspecific competition on (a) the temporal stability and (b) the resilience to drought (resistance and recovery) of individual tree radial growth. 3. We found no significant interspecific competition effect on temporal stability, but species‐specific effects on tree growth resilience to drought. There was a positive effect of heterospecific proportion on the drought resilience of Q. pubescens, a negative effect for A. alba and no effect for F. sylvatica. These differences may be related to interspecific differences in water use or rooting depth. 4. Synthesis: In this study, we showed that stand composition influences individual tree growth resilience to drought, but this effect varied depending on the species and its physiological responses. Our study also highlighted that a lack of biodiversity effect on long‐term stability might hide important effects on short‐term resilience to extreme climatic events. This may have important implications in the face of climate change.

opencc-zeroNov 2019View details →

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Growth resilience of conifer species decreases with early, long-lasting and intense droughts but cannot be explained by hydraulic traits

Drought events may reduce growth and survival of conifer trees. The effects of the intensity and timing of drought on the growth resilience, including growth reductions during drought and recovery of growth after drought, remains however highly uncertain. Growth resilience of 20 conifer species to 11 dry years was compared in a common garden experiment. We assessed 1) the relationships among growth resistance, recovery and resilience, 2) the impacts of different drought dimensions (intensity, onset and length) on resistance, and 3) the underlying mechanisms in terms of growth potential and hydraulic traits. Droughts led to 22% reduction in stem growth for 85% of species, but most species (85%) were resilient due to high recovery. Growth resistance decreased with an early onset of drought (significant for 55% of species), and longer lasting (35%) and intense droughts (60%). While fast-growing species and slow-growing species were similar in resistance and recovery, fast-growing species were more resilient. Unexpectedly, resilience could not be explained by hydraulic traits, possibly because the species grew on poor sandy soils and were acclimated to drought with large hydraulic safety margins. Synthesis Our study shows that in a mild maritime climate almost all conifer species are resilient to drought, and that putative hydraulic traits may be less important here for growth resilience. It also highlights the importance of addressing multiple dimensions of drought, i.e., timing, duration and severity, to predict species responses to climate change.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

zenodo36/100

Datasets for the publication " Enhancing drought resilience and energy security through complementing hydro by offshore wind power - the case of Brazil"

This repository contains the datasets for the publication "Enhancing drought resilience and energy security through complementing hydro by offshore wind power - the case of Brazil". <ul> <li>Bias correction</li> <li>Technical data of existing farms (ABBEólica) </li> <li>Bias correction factors at the farm level</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Demand</li> <li>Simulated wind and solar power</li> <li>Biomass, nuclear, and small hydropower generation in 2019</li> <li>Raw demand data</li> <li>Updated demand </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Hydropower time series</li> <li>Affluent Natural energy of run-of-rivers (fio d'água, in Portuguese) and reservoirs (reservatórios, in Portuguese), installed capacity, and maximal storage</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Offshore wind farms</li> <li>Locations, coordinates, water depth, available areas, water depth, distance to shore, technology,and  maximal capacity;</li> <li>Code to estimate offshore wind farm capex and opex.</li> </ul>   <ul> <li>Results of Calliope model </li> <li>capacity</li> <li>carrier_prod (power generation)</li> <li>storage</li> <li>costs</li> <li>emissions</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Resilience of a tropical montane pine forest to fire and severe droughts

1. Higher temperatures, declining precipitation, changing cloud cover, and increased wildfires threaten tropical montane pine forests by overriding the environmental heterogeneity that typically buffers these systems from catastrophic fires. Severe fires threaten to overwhelm forest resilience and tip this biome into alternate vegetation states. 2. This study focused on long-term dynamics of montane Pinus occidentalis forests in the Cordillera Central, Dominican Republic, after a ~1000 km2 fire in 2005, the largest since 1965. We used long-term records to investigate climate before and after the fire and a 19-year dataset of pre- and post-fire vegetation change from a network of 55 permanent plots (20 small 0.05 ha plots and 35 large 0.1 ha plots) established in 1999 to model overstorey and understorey vegetation dynamics. 3. The 2005 fire was synchronized with the most extreme drought in the region in over 60 years. The fire burned from < 1600 to > 3000 m a.s.l. in elevation across windward and leeward slopes, creating a mosaic of low-, moderate-, and high-severity patches. Lower elevations, leeward slopes, and stands with a higher proportion of smaller pine trees all burned at higher severities. 4. Growth rates of trees that survived the fire remained lower than pre-fire rates 13 years after the fire. The highest mortality rates were soon after the fire and in the census immediately after the post-fire droughts. Post-fire pine seedling abundance was significantly greater in stands with higher basal area of live canopy trees and significantly reduced by increased shrub abundance in the understorey. Understorey composition recovered rapidly to pre-fire states in sites affected by low- and moderate-severity fires, but sites affected by high-severity fires remained dissimilar to pre-fire composition 13 years after the fire. Even though high-severity patches had persistently low pine regeneration, 100% of small plots and 96% of large plots had at least one pine sapling or canopy tree recruit by 2018. Shrub taxa survived the fire in higher numbers and recovered to pre-fire densities much faster than the pine, especially in high-severity burns. 5. Synthesis. Climate change has increased the likelihood of wildfires in tropical montane pine forests, with long-lasting effects on vegetation dynamics. However, this biome may prove resilient to increasingly severe fires in the near future, given the ongoing recovery of Pinus occidentalis forests in Hispaniola despite repeated severe droughts. Nevertheless, highly drought- and fire-resistant taxa (e.g. shrubs) may form alternate stable states in drier portions of tropical montane landscapes in the future as droughts and high-severity fires become more common.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from the article "Short-interval wildfire and drought overwhelm boreal forest resilience" Whitman et al., Scientific Reports, 2019

Field data collected in the Northwest Territories and Wood Buffalo National Park, as well as plot locations, for the study "Short-interval wildfire and drought overwhelm boreal forest resilience" by Whitman et al. in Scientific Reports, 2019. For metadata or assistance please contact the authors. If you intend to publish research using these data, please contact and inform the authors, and cite the source article.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

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Data from: Savanna resilience to droughts increases with proportion of browsing wild herbivores and plant functional diversity

1. Maintaining the resilience and functionality of savannas is key to sustaining the ecosystem services they provide. This maintenance is largely dependent on the resilience of savannas to stressors, such as prolonged droughts. The resilience to drought is largely determined by the interaction of herbivores and the functional composition of vegetation. So far, our understanding and ability to predict the response of savannas to drought under different types of rangeland use and as a function of vegetation composition are still limited. 2. In this study, we used the ecohydrological, spatially-explicit savanna model EcoHyD to determine if the resilience of a savanna rangeland towards prolonged droughts can be enhanced by the choice of rangeland use type (grazer-dominated, mixed-feeders or browser-dominated) and animal density. We evaluated the ability of a Namibian savanna system to withstand droughts and to recover from droughts based on its perennial grass cover and the overall species composition. 3. Generally, we determined a low resilience under high grazer densities. Most importantly, we found that functional diversification of herbivores and plants acted as resilience insurance against droughts, leading to greater resistance and recovery of perennial grasses. In particular, a higher proportion of herbivores allowed for higher resilience, probably also due to a short-term switch to more drought-resistant or unpalatable species. 4. In this case, herbivore diversification was of high self-regulatory value by reestablishing trophic complexity, reducing the need for additional management interventions. 5. Synthesis and applications. Savanna systems will be more resistant to drought if (i) a dense perennial grass cover is maintained, protecting the topsoil from heat-induced water losses and erosion, encompassing functionally important species that are particularly well adapted to water stress and that are palatable, if (ii) the grazing pressure is adjusted to the productivity of the system, and (iii) the herbivore community includes browsers.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

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