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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2020View details →

Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability: datasets

Publicly available dataset for: N. Ranc, P.R. Moorcroft, K.W. Hansen, F. Ossi, T. Sforna, E. Ferraro, A. Brugnoli & F. Cagnacci. 2020. Preference and familiarity mediate spatial responses of a large herbivore to experimental manipulation of resource availability. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68046-7

FIGURE 4 in Global access to nomenclatural botanical resources: Evaluating open access availability

FIGURE 4 (a) Proportion of International Plant Names Index (IPNI) nomenclatural act records that are non-discoverable and (b) their ratio of open to closed access by World Geographic Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions (WGSRPD) level 2.

FIGURE 3 Bibliographic works containing vascular plant nomenclatural events published between 2019 and 2021 in Global access to nomenclatural botanical resources: Evaluating open access availability

FIGURE 3 Bibliographic works containing vascular plant nomenclatural events published between 2019 and 2021 and their use of open access (OA), coverage of top 80% of the International Plant Names Index (IPNI) dataset (journal abbreviations follow IPNI, asterisk indicates that the title is included in the Directory of Open Access Journals).

FIGURE 2 in Global access to nomenclatural botanical resources: Evaluating open access availability

FIGURE 2 Open access (a) takeup and (b) status for nomenclatural acts recorded in the International Plant Names Index per year of study (2012–2021).

FIGURE 1 in Global access to nomenclatural botanical resources: Evaluating open access availability

FIGURE 1 Flowchart depicting category assignment for (a) takeup of open access and (b) open access status.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Extending Grime's CSR model to predict plant demographic responses across resource availability gradients: evidence from the Patagonian steppes

Sexual reproduction, growth, and survival are crucial demographic strategies for plant population viability. Here, we propose a conceptual model predicting demographic responses of species based on their ecological strategy and the heterogeneity of environmental conditions within a biogeographical unit and then applied it to a case study from a 5-degree latitudinal gradient in the Patagonian steppes. We also aim to disentangle genetic from environmental effects on demographic responses. We performed in-situ and common garden experiments with two species from six local populations of the Occidental Phytogeographical District of the Patagonian steppes. Species differ in key ecological traits, and thus fit into Grime´s model for evolutionary strategies in plants: one as competitive species and the other as stress-tolerant species. We calculated population growth rate (λ) and performed elasticity analyses to compare the contribution of each demographic strategy to population fitness between species and among local populations distributed along 600 km latitudinal gradient with differences in mean annual precipitation (MAP). We highlight four results. First, the competitive species change from sexual reproduction to growth as MAP increases. Second, the stress-tolerant species relied on growth and survival along the MAP gradient. Third, interannual variation in resource availability modulated demographic responses for both strategies. Fourth, based on the comparison of the in-situ and common garden experiments, we submit that demographic responses were genetically driven. Our study shows that demographic responses can be roughly predicted by the ecological strategy across environmental gradients. We show that differences arise not only between species, but also were genetically driven differences within species among local populations. Scaling up plant-level responses to population-level dynamics allows for a process-based understanding of current and future biogeographical species organization. Furthermore, conservation and restoration efforts should be guided by demographic strategies underlying population viability.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Resource availability alters breeding strategies in a small mammal community

Following a resource pulse, animals may finance reproduction by consuming concurrently available resources (income breeding) or by storing resources for future reproduction (capital breeding). Understanding how these reproductive strategies are used is important for determining the ecological mechanisms that structure the timing of reproduction and that drive interannual population fluctuations in animals. We gathered a reproductive dataset for five small mammal species over a 12-year period in Northeastern USA during which six masting events of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) and eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) occurred. Masting created alternate years where seeds were either available late (masting year) or early (cached from the previous year) in the breeding season. The small mammal species differed in reliance on seeds and overwintering strategies. We quantified the diet using stable isotopes and recorded reproduction timing, proportion breeding, and litter size in females and testes size in males. Timing of seed availability minimally affected litter size but strongly affected proportion breeding and timing of reproduction. During masting years (late seed availability), a higher proportion of females reproduced, with breeding taking place later in the season (lactation timed with peak seed availability), although the delay was restricted in Napaeozapus insignis, an obligate hibernator. After a fall mast, cached seeds were used as capital in the following spring (early seed availability) to support a litter that, depending on the species, occurred 24 to 79 days sooner than a mast year. No late-season reproduction occurred in years with early seed availability except for Myodes gapperi which produced a second litter, likely financed by fungal consumption. Males also showed strong responses to seed availability, mirroring female reproduction with testes size staying constant in years with late seed availability and sharply decreasing over the breeding season in years with early seed availability. Our results highlight that although photoperiod and temperature broadly set the bounds of the breeding season in temperate environments, resource availability influences the reproductive strategies that species use, which in turn alters reproductive timing and can drive large inter-annual population fluctuations. Differences in overwintering strategies and diet may further modulate reproductive timing and output relative to resource pulses.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Data from: Intraspecific correlations between growth and defense vary with resource availability and differ within- and among-populations

A paradigm in the plant defense literature is that defending against herbivores comes at a cost to growth, resulting in a growth-defense tradeoff. However, while there is strong evidence for growth-defense tradeoffs across species, evidence is mixed within species. Several mechanisms can account for this equivocal support within species, but teasing them apart requires examining growth-defense relationships both within and among populations, an approach seldom employed. We examined correlations between plant biomass (growth) and terpene production (defense) within and among populations of Monarda fistulosa, a perennial herb. We sampled populations from Montana and Wisconsin, regions that differ in resource availability characterized by different summer precipitation and associated abiotic conditions that influence plant productivity. We found negative, neutral, and positive growth-defense correlations, depending on the scale examined. Negative correlations occurred across populations originating from divergent regions, positive correlations occurred across populations originating from within the high-resource region, and neutral correlations were found within single populations. Collectively, these results challenge the general expectation of ubiquitous tradeoffs and support emerging views that resource availability (as it affects productivity) shapes the evolution of defense at different scales.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Resource availability and capacity to implement multi-stranded cholera interventions in the north-east region of Nigeria

Limited healthcare facility (HCF) resources and capacity to implement multi-stranded cholera interventions ('water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)’, ‘surveillance’, ‘case management’, and ‘community engagement’) can hinder the actualisation of the global strategic roadmap goals for cholera control, especially in settings made fragile by armed conflicts, such as the north-east region of Nigeria. Therefore, we aimed to assess HCF resource availability and capacity to implement these cholera interventions in Adamawa and Bauchi States in Nigeria, as well as assess their coordination in both states and Abuja, where national coordination of cholera is based. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a face-to-face structured questionnaire to collect data on multi-stranded cholera interventions and their respective indicators in HCFs. We generated scores to describe the resource availability of each cholera intervention and categorised them as: 0-50 (low), 51-70 (moderate), 71-90 (high), and over 90 (excellent). Further, we defined an HCF with a high capacity to implement a cholera intervention as one with a score equal to or above the average intervention score.