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49 results for “resource dynamics”
Altering pH changes competition dynamics between two crayfish species for both food and shelter resources
As climate change continues, alterations in abiotic variables within habitats will also change. One of the key variables for aquatic systems is pH. We were interested in how lowered pH altered the behavioral characteristics of two keystone species: Faxonius rusticus, a non-native crayfish in the upper midwest and Faxonius virilis, the native crayfish. We dosed size-matched individuals in separate tanks for four days and than placed these individuals in a flow through mesocosm to allow them to compete over food and shelter resources. Behavior was recorded from midnight to 4 am. Pairs of animals were exposed to pH levels varying from ambient (8.4) to 6.4. The experiment took place at the University of Michigan's Biological Station in northern Michigan in the United States.
Data from "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers"
<p>This is a compilation of datasets that were used for the publication entitled "Resource pulses drive spatio-temporal dynamics of non-native bark beetles and wood borers" by Eckehard G. BROCKERHOFF, Stephanie L. SOPOW, and Martin K.-F. BADER, published in the Journal of Applied Ecology, 'in press' in October 2024.</p> <p>Note: The date format is either (i) season (spring/summer/autumn/winter) plus a two-figure short form for the year (e.g., "autumn08" stands for autumn 2008), or (ii) just the year for an annual total in either four- or two-figure form in the file name (e.g., "reg2010sums.csv" or "reg10sums.csv" for the year 2010).</p> <p>1. File "mean_trap_catches.csv" = Data used for Fig. 1 - Mean trap catch data of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus over time in Kaingaroa forest stands 378 ("F2006"), 377 ("F2009"), and 383 ("F2010"). For further explanations see methods of Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>2. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>3. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>4. File "reg2010sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 2 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 2 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>5. File "reg10sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2010, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>6. File "reg11sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2011, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>7. File "reg12sums.csv" = Data used for Fig. 3 - Year 2012, annual trap catches of Hylastes ater, Hylurgus ligniperda and Arhopalus ferus indicating approximate dispersal distances between Pinus radiata stands. For details see caption of Fig. 3 in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p>8. File "hylu2010-fitted_dispersal_to_5km-Version_23May2024.csv" = Data shown in Fig. 4 - Extension of the prediction range to 5 km of Hylurgus ligniperda dispersal data, using a generalised additive mixed model (GAMM) with beta distributed errors and the default logarithmic link. For details see caption of Fig. 4 and methods in Brockerhoff et al. (2024).</p> <p> </p>
Raw data from: "Thermal mismatches explain consumer-resource dynamics in response to environmental warming".
<p>Data from:</p> <p>Álvarez-Codesal, S, Faillace CA, Garreau, A, Bestion, E, Synodinos, AD, & Montoya, JM. 2023. Thermal mismatches explain consumer-resource dynamics in response to environmental warming. Ecology and Evolution.<br> </p> <p>Composed of seven associated datasets:</p> <p>- Algae_Net_Photosynthesis.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_Ingestion.csv</p> <p>- Algae_Respiration.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_Ingestion.csv</p> <p>- Daphnia_respiration.csv</p> <p>- Interaction_Strength.csv</p> <p>- Energy_Balance_Ratios_dataset.csv</p> <p> </p> <p>A detailed explanation of the methods is provided in the related Alvarez-Codesal et al. 2023 article, please refer to it for a full understanding of the methods and results.</p> <p>Briefly: our aim was to quantify the impact of warming on consumer-resource interactions, using as consumer <em>Daphnia pulex</em>, and as resources two algae species, <em>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</em> and <em>Desmodesmus</em> sp.</p> <p>First, we measured thermal dependencies of physiological rates related to energy gain (i.e., ingestion, net photosynthesis) and loss (i.e., respiration) for <em>Daphnia</em> and the algae in basal conditions at eight temperatures. From these, we calculated species energetic balances as net photosynthesis-to-respiration ratio (P/R<sub>r</sub>) for resources, or as ingestion-to-respiration ratio (I/R<sub>c</sub>) for consumers, using predicted values of each (per capita) rate from the models. We used energetic balances as an indicator of how species respond to increasing temperatures, defining intraspecific energetic mismatches when the energetic balance decreases.</p> <p>Second, we inferred interspecific thermal mismatches (inter-TM) by comparing individual energetic balances for both consumer-resource pairs, and identified the thermal mismatch regions, where: 1) trends of energetic balances contrast between the interacting species; and 2) both species reduce their energetic balance with increasing temperature. The inter-TMs were used to increase our qualitative understanding on the outcomes of thermal dependencies of interaction strength.</p> <p>Third, we calculated the natural logarithm of the consumer-resource energetic balance for each interacting pair as the ratio between consumer energetic balance and the resource energetic balance to get qualitative predictions on the trends of interaction strength with temperature.</p> <p>Finally, we measured experimentally thermal dependencies of interaction strength for each consumer-resource pair and verified if our predictions using the thermal mismatches fitted the trends of interaction strengths across temperatures.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Evidence for dynamic resource partitioning between two sympatric reef shark species within the British Indian Ocean Territory
FIGURE 2 (a) Maximum likelihood standard ellipse areas (, 40% of the data) for isotopes δ13C v. δ15N in fin, (b) muscle, (c) red blood cell, (d) plasma and for isotope δ34S v. δ15C (e) and δ15N (f) of Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos () and Carcharhinus albimarginatus (). Convex hulls () are drawn between the centers of each group. Overlapping values, if present, are the proportion of overlapping area of the two ellipses. Potential competitor–prey teleost data are shown () with associated error bars (± 1 SD). Ellipses for red blood cell and plasma presented for reference but represent small sample sizes (<10) and therefore come with lower confidence
FIGURE 1 in Evidence for dynamic resource partitioning between two sympatric reef shark species within the British Indian Ocean Territory
FIGURE 1 Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to determine the extent that Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos and Carcharhinus albimarginatus were reliant on reef (blue) or pelagic (red) resources. End members were set as the most δ13C depleted (pelagic) and most δ13C enriched (reef) of the teleosts sampled (trevally (Carangidae) for reef, tuna (Scombridae) for pelagic). Posterior probability distributions indicate model predictions of reliance on a given source with higher values indicating greater reliance
Fig. 2 in Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich online portal, with dynamic checklists and photographic guides
Fig. 2. Biogeographic regions of Ecuador. Source: https://bioweb.bio (modified from Sierra et al. 1999).
Fig. 1 in Reptiles of Ecuador: a resource-rich online portal, with dynamic checklists and photographic guides
Fig. 1. Histogram showing the description of reptile species present in Ecuador through time, from Linnaeuss 10th edition of Systema Naturae to the end of 2018. The number of species described per decade is presented above each bar.
Code from: Spatial resource heterogeneity stabilizes local and regional predator-prey dynamics in ecologically-realistic networks
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Spatial heterogeneity in resources alters selective dynamics in Drosophila melanogaster
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Linking Precipitation and C3 - C4 Plant Production to Resource Dynamics in Higher Trophic Level Consumers: Lizard Data (2005-2006)
In many ecosystems, seasonal shifts in temperature and precipitation induce pulses of primary productivity that vary in phenology, abundance and nutritional quality. Â Variation in these resource pulses could strongly influence community composition and ecosystem function, because these pervasive bottom-up forces play a primary role in determining the biomass, life cycles and interactions of organisms across trophic levels. Â The focus of this research is to understand how consumers across trophic levels alter resource use and assimilation over seasonal and inter-annual timescales in response to climatically driven changes in pulses of primary productivity. We measured the carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of plant, arthropod, and lizard tissues in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to quantify the relative importance of primary production from plants using C3 and C4 photosynthesis for consumers. Â Summer monsoonal rains on the Sevilleta LTER in New Mexico support a pulse of C4 plant production that have tissue d13C values distinct from C3 plants. Â During a year when precipitation patterns were relatively normal, d13C measurements showed that consumers used and assimilated significantly more C4 derived carbon over the course of a summer; tracking the seasonal increase in abundance of C4 plants. Â In the following spring, after a failure in winter precipitation and the associated failure of spring C3 plant growth, consumers showed elevated assimilation of C4 derived carbon relative to a normal rainfall regime. These findings provide insight into how climate, pulsed resources and temporal trophic dynamics may interact to shape semi-arid grasslands such as the Chihuahuan Desert in the present and future.
Linking Precipitation and C3 - C4 Plant Production to Resource Dynamics in Higher Trophic Level Consumers: Insect Data (2005-2006)
In many ecosystems, seasonal shifts in temperature and precipitation induce pulses of primary productivity that vary in phenology, abundance and nutritional quality. Â Variation in these resource pulses could strongly influence community composition and ecosystem function, because these pervasive bottom-up forces play a primary role in determining the biomass, life cycles and interactions of organisms across trophic levels. Â The focus of this research is to understand how consumers across trophic levels alter resource use and assimilation over seasonal and inter-annual timescales in response to climatically driven changes in pulses of primary productivity. We measured the carbon isotope ratios (d13C) of plant, arthropod, and lizard tissues in the northern Chihuahuan Desert to quantify the relative importance of primary production from plants using C3 and C4 photosynthesis for consumers. Â Summer monsoonal rains on the Sevilleta LTER in New Mexico support a pulse of C4 plant production that have tissue d13C values distinct from C3 plants. Â During a year when precipitation patterns were relatively normal, d13C measurements showed that consumers used and assimilated significantly more C4 derived carbon over the course of a summer; tracking the seasonal increase in abundance of C4 plants. Â In the following spring, after a failure in winter precipitation and the associated failure of spring C3 plant growth, consumers showed elevated assimilation of C4 derived carbon relative to a normal rainfall regime. These findings provide insight into how climate, pulsed resources and temporal trophic dynamics may interact to shape semi-arid grasslands such as the Chihuahuan Desert in the present and future.
Temporal Dynamics of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Resources Within a Grassland-Creosote Ecotone at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-1994)
Plant communities across large portions of the southwestern United States have shifted from grassland to desert shrubland. Studies have demonstrated that soil nutrient resources become spatially more heterogeneous and are redistributed into islands of fertility with this shift in vegetation. This research addressed the additional question of whether soil resources become more temporally heterogeneous along a grassland-shrubland ecotome. Within adjacent grassland and creosotebush sites, soil profiles were described at 3 pits and samples collected for description of nutrient resources within the profile. Relative cover of plant species and bare soil were determined within each site by line transects. The top 20-cm of bare soil or soil beneath the canopy of grasses/creosotebush were collected 17 times during 1992-1994. Soil samples were analyzed for soil moisture, extractable ammonium and nitrate, nitrogen mineralization potential, microbial biomass carbon, total organic carbon, microbial respiration, dehydrogenase activity, ratio of microbial C to total C (C[mic]-to-C[org]), and microbial respiration to biomass carbon (metabolic quotient). The major differences in the structure of soils between sites were the apparent loss of a 3 to 5-cm depth of sandy surface soil at the creosotebush site and an associated increase in calcium carbonate content at a more shallow depth. Soils under plants at both sites had greater total and available nutrient resources with higher concentrations under creosotebush than under grasses. Greatest temporal variation in available soil resources was shown in soils under creosotebush. When expressed on an area basis, greater temporal variation in the total amount of available soil resources was shown in the grassland site, primarily due to greater plant cover (45% in grassland vs. 8% in creosote).
Data from: Context-dependent defences in turtle ants: resource defensibility and threat level induce dynamic shifts in soldier deployment
1. Induced defences involve the dynamic deployment of limited and specialized defensive resources across multiple locations, to maximize organismal defensive function and fitness. They have been studied intensively in plants and solitary animals, but the induced defences of complex animal societies are poorly understood by comparison, despite the coordinated defensive actions of these taxa. 2. Here, we ask whether the level of environmental danger induces shifts in the deployment of limited and morphologically specialized soldiers across multiple nests in colonies of the turtle ant Cephalotes rohweri. Specifically, we test whether less defensible nests induce greater soldier deployment, and whether elevated enemy threat induced further increases in deployment, or reduced deployment consistent with a risk-limiting strategy. 3. We used colony-collection data to provide natural ecological context to our experiments, a field experiment to address how nest-entrance defensibility and soldier number impact defensive performance, and laboratory experiments to test whether differences in nest defensibility and threat level induce dynamic shifts in soldier deployment to new nests. 4. Less defensible nests were lost rapidly in our field experiment, irrespective of soldier number, but soldier deployment significantly increased survivorship of more defensible nests. Concordantly, less defensible nests induced the deployment of more soldiers per nest under low threat in laboratory experiments. Nevertheless, high-threat conditions revealed a risk-limiting soldier deployment strategy: with more danger, the number of soldiers per nest was significantly reduced in less defensible nests, as was the overall number of new soldier-defended nests. Total deployment to new nests was also consistently lower under high threat, dropping from 40% to 30% across colonies. 5. Induced soldier-based defences in turtle ants are therefore context-dependent, and dynamically scaled back at multiple levels when the environment is more dangerous. This dynamic, risk-limiting strategy is in strong contrast to stable patterns of soldier production in ants, and to typical task-allocation dynamics in members of the worker caste. Moreover, these findings establish that the evolution of specialized defensive agents can be coupled with sophisticated and inducible deployment strategies in complex social taxa, as we see for organisms at other levels of biological complexity.
Supplemental data to AALE 2024 publication "Adaptive manufacturing: dynamic resource allocation using multi-agent reinforcement learning"
<p>Release as supplementary material for our contribution at AALE 2024: "Adaptive manufacturing: dynamic resource allocation using multi-agent reinforcement learning"<br><br>The evaluation datasets stored in this collection are used to compare the performance of multi-agent reinforcement learning. In addition, the performance of other methods such as (meta-) heuristic algorithms or single agent reinforcement learning algorithms or novel methods of search space reduction can also be compared.</p>
The paradigm of tax-reward and tax-punishment strategies in the advancement of public resource management dynamics
<p>In contemporary society, the effective utilization of public resources remains a subject of significant concern. A common issue arises from defectors seeking to obtain an excessive share of these resources for personal gain, potentially leading to resource depletion. To mitigate this tragedy and ensure sustainable development of resources, implementing mechanisms to either reward those who adhere to distribution rules or penalize those who do not, appears advantageous. We introduce two models: a tax-reward model and a tax-punishment model, to address this issue. Our analysis reveals that in the tax-reward model, the evolutionary trajectory of the system is influenced not only by the tax revenue collected but also by the natural growth rate of the resources. Conversely, the tax-punishment model exhibits distinct characteristics when compared to the tax-reward model, notably the potential for bistability. In such scenarios, the selection of initial conditions is critical, as it can determine the system's path. Furthermore, our study identifies instances where the system lacks stable points, exemplified by a limit cycle phenomenon, underscoring the complexity and dynamism inherent in managing public resources using these models.</p>
Data from: Competition between mixo- and heterotrophic ciliates under dynamic resource supply
<p>The outcome of species competition strongly depends on the traits of the competitors and associated trade-offs, as well as on environmental variability. Here we investigate the relevance of consumer trait variation for species coexistence in a ciliate consumer – microalgal prey system under fluctuating regimes of resource supply. We focus on consumer competition and feeding traits, and specifically on the consumer's ability to overcome periods of resource limitation by mixotrophy, i. e. the ability of photosynthetic carbon fixation via algal symbionts in addition to phagotrophy. In a 48-day chemostat experiment, we investigated competitive interactions of different heterotrophic and mixotrophic ciliates of the genera <em>Euplotes</em> and <em>Coleps</em> under different resource regimes, providing prey either continuously or in pulses under constant or fluctuating light, entailing periods of resource depletion in fluctuating environments, but overall providing the same amount of prey and light. Although ultimate competition results remained unaffected, population dynamics of mixotrophic and heterotrophic ciliates were significantly altered by resource supply mode. However, the effects differed among species combinations and changed over time. Whether mixotrophs or heterotrophs dominated in competition strongly depended on the genera of the competing species and thus species-specific differences in the minimum resource requirements that are associated with feeding on shared prey, nutrient uptake, light harvesting and access to additional resources such as bacteria. Potential differences in the curvature of the species' resource-dependent growth functions may have further mediated the species-specific responses to the different resource supply modes. Overall, our study demonstrates that genus- or species-specific traits other than related to nutritional mode may override the relevance of acquired phototrophy by heterotrophs in competitive interactions, and that the potential advantage of photosynthetic carbon fixation of symbiont-bearing mixotrophs in competition with pure heterotrophs may differ greatly among different mixotrophs, playing out under different environmental conditions and depending on the specific requirements of the species. Complex trophic interactions determine the outcome of competition, which can only be understood by taking on a multidimensional trait perspective.</p>
Space resource utilization of dominant species integrates abundance- and functional-based processes for better predictions of plant diversity dynamics
<p>Sustainable ecosystem management relies on our ability to predict changes in plant diversity and to understand the underlying mechanisms. Empirical evidence demonstrates that abundance- and functional-based processes simultaneously explain the loss of plant diversity in response to human activities. Recently, a novel indicator based on percent cover (CoverD) and maximum height (HeightD) of the dominant plant species – Space Resource Utilization (SRUD) – has proven to give robust and better predictions of plant diversity dynamics than community biomass. Whether the superior predictive ability of SRUD is due to its capacity to simultaneously capture abundance- and functional-based processes remains unknown. Here, we tested this hypothesis by quantifying mechanistic links between changes in SRUD and biodiversity in response to nutrients and herbivores. Furthermore, we assessed the relative contribution of dominant, intermediate, and rare species to reduced density of individuals by combining null model analysis with field experiments. We found that SRUD successfully captured changes in ground-level light availability and changes in the number of individuals to predict plant diversity dynamics, and each of CoverD and HeightD partly and independently contributed to both processes. Comparative results from null model analysis and field experiments confirmed that individual losses of dominant, intermediate, and rare species followed non-random processes. Specifically, compared with random loss process, rare species lost proportionally more individuals and thus disproportionately contributed to species loss, while dominant and intermediate species lost less. Our results demonstrate that SRUD captures both abundance- and functional-based processes thus explaining why SRUD provides more accurate predictions of changes in species diversity. Given that rare species can play an important role in shaping community structure, resisting against invasion, impacting higher trophic levels, and providing multiple ecosystem functions, reducing the SRU of dominant species could alleviate the risk of exclusion of rare species by mitigating abundance- and functional-based competition processes.</p>
A Great Escape: resource availability and density-dependence shape population dynamics along trailing range edges
<p>Populations along geographical range limits are often exposed to unsuitable climate and low resource availability relative to core populations. As such, there has been a renewed focus on understanding the factors that determine range limits to better predict how species will respond to global change. Using recent theory on range limits and classical understanding of density dependence, we evaluated the influence of resource availability on the snowshoe hare Lepus americanus along its trailing range edge. We estimated variation in population density, habitat use, survival, and parasite loads to test the Great Escape Hypothesis (GEH), i.e. that density dependence determines, in part, a species' persistence along trailing edges. We found that variability in resource availability affected density and population fluctuations and led to trade-offs in survival for snowshoe hare populations in the northeastern USA. Hares living in resource-limited environments had lower and less variable population density, yet higher survival and lower parasitism compared to populations living in resource-rich environments. We suggest that density-dependent dynamics, elicited by resource availability, provide hares a unique survival advantage and partly explain persistence along their trailing edge. We hypothesize that this low-density escape from predation and parasitism occurs for other prey species along trailing edges, but the extent to which it occurs is likely conditional on the quality of matrix habitat. Our work indicates that biotic factors play an important role in shaping species' trailing edges and more detailed examination of non-climatic factors is warranted to better inform conservation and management decisions.</p>
Data set for Dynamic Service Restoration of Distribution Networks with Volt-Var Devices, Distributed Energy Resources, and Energy Storage Systems
<p>Two power distribution systems are presented. The first system consists of 53 nodes and 61 branches, while the second system consists of 404 buses and 430 branches. Both distribution systems offer extensive applications in problems related to multi-time service restoration, Volt/Var devices, and distributed energy resource operation.</p>
Data from: Fission-fusion dynamics in sheep: The influence of resource distribution and temporal activity patterns
<p><span>Fission-fusion events, i.e. changes to the size and composition of animal social groups, are a mechanism to adjust the social environment in response to short-term changes in the cost-benefit ratio of group living. Furthermore, the time and location of fission-fusion events provide insight into the underlying drivers of these dynamics. Here, we describe a method for identifying group membership over time and for extracting fission-fusion events from animal tracking data. We applied this method to high-resolution GPS data of free-ranging sheep (<em>Ovis aries</em>). Group size was highest during times when sheep typically rest (mid-day and at night), and when anti-predator benefits of grouping are high while costs of competition are low. Consistent with this, fission and fusion frequencies were highest during early morning and late evening, suggesting that social restructuring occurs during periods of high activity. However, fission and fusion events were not more frequent near food patches and water resources when adjusted for overall space use. This suggests a limited role of resource competition. Our results elucidate the dynamics of grouping in response to social and ecological drivers, and we provide a tool for investigating these dynamics in other species.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.