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22 results for “retention harvest”
Ectomycorrhizal community composition associated with Nothofagus pumilio seedlings harvested from Variable Retention treatments at Los Cerros Ranch, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
This dataset contains data on Nothofagus pumilio seedlings sampled from a Variable Retention (VR) managed forest in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina seven years after harvesting. We evaluated the effects of a VR timber management system on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed retention (DR) sites within a VR managed area and compared them to primary forest (PF) stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates of each VR treatment. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between fungal colonization, fungal taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment across our study sites. This data was collected as a comparative component to a larger project understanding the effect of mycorrizhae on seedling success after various disturbances such as logging and fire that was ongoing at the Bonanza Creek LTER and other arctic locations.
Mycorrhizal colonization, age, and aboveground biomass (g) of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings harvested from Variable Retention treatments at Los Cerros Ranch, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
This dataset contains data on Nothofagus pumilio seedlings sampled from a Variable Retention (VR) managed forest in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina seven years after harvesting. We evaluated the effects of a VR timber management system on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed retention (DR) sites within a VR managed area and compared them to primary forest (PF) stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates of each VR treatment. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between fungal colonization, fungal taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment across our study sites. This data was collected as a comparative component to a larger project understanding the effect of mycorrizhae on seedling success after various disturbances such as logging and fire that was ongoing at the Bonanza Creek LTER and other arctic locations.
Improving bird abundance estimates in harvested forests with retention by limiting detection radius through sound truncation
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Model data to investigate wood frog abundance in 17-year post harvest variable retention mixed wood forests
<p>Variable retention forest harvesting aims to reduce negative effect of harvesting on forest biodiversity, but its effectiveness is not well understood for many taxa. To better understand the effects of variable retention forest management and environmental features on amphibians, we used pitfall traps to capture wood frogs (<em>Lithobates sylvaticus</em>) across 4 levels of retention harvest (clearcut [0%], 20%, 50%, and unharvested control [100%]), and 2 forest types (deciduous and coniferous), in 17-year post-harvest forests in northwest Alberta. We mapped breeding sites and used a terrain moisture index (Depth-to-Water) derived from airborne LiDAR to examine relationships between relative abundance, breeding site proximity and soil moisture. Retention level alone had no effect on relative abundance, but in late summer (July and August) there was a significant interaction between retention level and forest type: capture rates decreased with amount of retention for deciduous forests, but increased with amount of retention in conifer forests. During late summer, capture rates were higher in conifer forests than in deciduous forests, with soil moisture (lower Depth-to-Water) positively related to capture rates. Though timber retention may be beneficial to wood frogs in the short-term, any impacts of forest harvesting on wood frog abundance was undetectable in stands 17 years post-harvest. </p>
Rapid recovery of boreal rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages 16 years after variable retention harvest
<p>Post-harvest recovery<span> of biodiversity is one of the important goals in modern forestry. A variable retention (VR) approach has been of particular interest in North America because it promotes rapid faunal recovery while </span>minimizing the negative lasting impacts of logging on the natural fauna. <span>We studied responses of </span>rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) to a broad range of retention harvests (2, 10, 20, 50, and 75 % retention) in comparison to uncut controls as part of the <span>Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND) experiment in the boreal mixedwood forest of western Canada. We sampled beetles using pitfall traps 1, 2, 11, and 16 years post-harvest in replicated (n=3) stands representing four cover types (deciduous-dominated, deciduous with spruce understory, mixed, and coniferous-dominated). We collected</span> 74,263 individuals distributed across 99 species (excluding Aleocharinae). <span>Estimated species richness was highest in clear-cuts until year 11, but by year 16 species richness was similar among treatments. Species composition initially varied strongly in relation to the intensity of harvest treatments, but overall variation decreased with time</span>, and by year 16, species composition overlapped among most treatment combinations. Assemblages recovered more quickly in <span>early successional (deciduous-dominated) </span>than in <span>late successional (</span>mixed and <span>conifer-dominated) stands. Overall, our results show that rove beetle assemblages in stands harvested to all VR prescriptions converged more rapidly toward those in fire-origin mature stands than did assemblages in clear-cuts over the first 16 years post-harvest. Thus, it demonstrates that even modest levels of forest retention can facilitate the recovery of staphylinid assemblages in managed landscapes.</span></p>
Dynamics and recovery of forest understory biodiversity over 17 years following varying levels of retention harvesting
<p>1. Retention harvesting is advocated as an alternative to intensive timber harvesting, such as clear-cutting, to better maintain or facilitate recovery of biodiversity and other ecological values in managed forests. However, it is not clear how long the benefits of retention harvests persist.</p> <p>2. We investigated responses of understory vascular plant cover, richness, diversity (inverse Simpson index), and composition to a gradient in dispersed retention (2% [clear-cut], 10%, 20%, 50% and 75% retention; unharvested reference [100% retention]) at 3, 6, 11, and 17 years after harvest, in four boreal mixed wood forest types (deciduous (broadleaf)-dominated, deciduous-dominated with conifer understory, mixed, and conifer-dominated) in western Canada.</p> <p>3. Understory cover and richness tended to increase in the short-term (3 years), peaked at 6–11 years with differences following the gradient of harvesting intensity, then plateaued or declined in the second decade (17 years), by which time there were minimal or no differences among harvesting levels, including the reference. Responses for diversity were minimal. In contrast, composition varied along the gradient of harvesting intensity and showed little recovery towards the unharvested condition over the 17-year period. Generally, for plant community composition, clear-cut and lower retention treatments (10%, 20%) were similar to one another but differed from the higher retention and unharvested reference treatments.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Retention harvests can moderate the negative impacts of harvesting and facilitate the recovery of biodiversity. Our results suggest that for the cover, richness and diversity of understory vascular plants, this moderating influence is weak and short-lived. However, higher levels of retention can temper changes in understory composition relative to the unharvested forest, but full recovery is likely to be slow and will be complicated by post-harvest regeneration dynamics.</p>
Rapid recovery of boreal rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages 16 years after variable retention harvest
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Do harvest retention patches in the boreal forest emulate those resulting from wildfire? A comparison of understory vegetation a decade after disturbance
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Dynamics and recovery of forest understory biodiversity over 17 years following varying levels of retention harvesting
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Model data to investigate wood frog abundance in 17-year post harvest variable retention mixed wood forests
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Data from: Recovery of a boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna 15 years after variable retention harvest
<p>1. Retention harvests are preferred over traditional clear-cuts for sustainable forest management because maintenance and re-establishment of native forest biodiversity is a priority. However, few studies have examined long-term responses of biotic assemblages to retention harvest at particular sites.</p> <p>2. We studied the effects of decreasing initial harvest intensities (clear-cut, 10, 20, 50, and 75% dispersed green tree retention) on carabid beetle assemblages relative to assemblage changes in un-harvested control stands in four successionally ordered cover-types of boreal mixedwood forest. We also studied temporal effects by comparing assemblages over a 16-year pre- and post-harvest period, using data collected through monitoring of the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment in NW Alberta, Canada.</p> <p>3. Retention harvests affected assemblages differently across cover-types. Assemblages in compartments harvested in the earlier forest successional stages of 'deciduous' or 'deciduous with spruce understory' converged toward the pre-harvest structure of corresponding controls over time. In contrast, beetle assemblages in 'mixed' or 'conifer' compartments, that represent later successional forest, moved steadily away from their pre-harvest structures during the first post-harvest decade. These latter assemblages became strikingly more similar to those under deciduous canopies by 15 years post-harvest. Synthesis and applications. Variable retention harvests will promote and maintain biodiversity better than clear-cutting. Higher retention levels promote faster recovery, but toward fauna typical of early successional forest in all cover-types. Carabids associated with conifer habitats are less resistant to impact from harvesting than are those from broadleaf deciduous forest. Therefore, conifer dominated stands present the most significant management challenge and higher retention levels are required to promote rapid and effective faunal recovery in such late successional stands.</p>
Data from: Ten-year responses of ground-dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest
The Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbances (EMEND) project tests the hypothesis that varying levels of green tree retention maintain and retain forest biodiversity better than conventional clear-cutting. We studied epigaeic spiders to assess biodiversity changes two, five and ten years following a range of partial retention harvests (clear-cut, 10-75% retention) and unharvested controls in four boreal mixedwood cover-types. A total of 56, 371 adult spiders representing 220 species was collected using pitfall traps. Lasting effects on forest structure were proportional to harvest intensity. These changes strongly influenced spider richness, abundance and species composition, as well as assemblage recovery. Distinctive assemblages were associated with disturbance level, especially with partial harvests (≤50% retention), and these were dominated by open-habitat species even ten years after harvest. Assemblages were more similar to those of controls in the highest (75%) retention treatment, but significant recovery toward the structure of pre-disturbance assemblages was not detected for any prescription in any cover-type. Although early responses to retention harvest suggested positive effects on spider assemblages, these are better explained as lag effects after harvest because assemblages were less similar to those of unharvested controls five years post-harvest, and only minor recovery was observed ten years following harvest. Retention of forest biodiversity decreased over time, especially in conifer stands and the lower (10-50%) retention treatments. Overall, retention harvests retained biodiversity and promoted landscape heterogeneity somewhat better than clear-cutting; however, there was a clear gradient of response and no retention 'threshold' for conservation can be recommended on the basis of our data. Furthermore, results suggest that retention harvest prescriptions should be adjusted for cover-type. We show that low retention ameliorated impacts in broadleaved forests characteristic of earlier stages in mixedwood succession, but only higher retention was associated with less impact in successionally older conifer forests. Although these short-term responses (10 years) of spider assemblages support use of retention harvests, understanding the true conservation merit of these practices, relative to conventional approaches, requires evaluation over longer time scales, with work more focused on recovery of biodiversity than on its preservation after harvest.
Data from: Bryophyte abundance, diversity and composition after retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forest
1. Variable-retention harvest is widely recognised as an alternative to more intensive methods such as clear-cutting. However, present information is inadequate to judge impact of variable-retention on biodiversity of indigenous forest organisms intolerant of canopy removal, such as forest-inhabiting bryophytes. 2. We examined how bryophyte species cover, richness, diversity and composition change with time in response to a broad range of dispersed retention harvest treatments (2% (clear-cut), 10%, 20%, 50%, 75% retention of original basal area) contrasted with uncut controls (100% retention)) in broadleaf deciduous, mixedwood and conifer-dominated boreal forests in NW Alberta, Canada. Bryophytes were studied in 432 permanent sample plots within 72 compartments before harvest and at three, six and eleven years after harvest. 3. Clear-cut and lower (10% and 20%) retention levels resulted in lower cover and richness of bryophytes than in unharvested control compartments in mixed and conifer-dominated forests, but less so in deciduous-dominated forests, which generally supported low cover and richness. Species composition in each forest type varied along the gradient of harvesting intensity; clear-cuts and lower levels of retention supported similar composition, as did control plots and those representing higher retention levels. Over time the retention harvest treatments became more similar to uncut controls. 4. Synthesis and applications. Increased retention moderated the negative impacts of harvesting on bryophyte assemblages across all forest types, and our results suggest that even 10% retention will facilitate faster post-harvest recovery of bryophytes.02-Aug-2017
Data from: A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest
Timber harvest can adversely affect forest biota. Recent research and application suggest that retention of mature forest elements ('retention forestry'), including unharvested patches (or 'aggregates') within larger harvested units, can benefit biodiversity compared to clearcutting. However, it is unclear whether these benefits can be generalized among the diverse taxa and biomes in which retention forestry is practiced. Lack of comparability in methods for sampling and analysing responses to timber harvest and edge creation presents a challenge to synthesis. We used a consistent methodology (similarly spaced plots or traps along transects) to investigate responses of vascular plants and ground-active beetles to aggregated retention at replicate sites in each of four temperate and boreal forest types on three continents: Douglas-fir forests in Washington, USA; aspen forests in Minnesota, USA; spruce forests in Sweden; and wet eucalypt forests in Tasmania, Australia. We assessed (i) differences in local (plot-scale) species richness and composition between mature (intact) and regenerating (previously harvested) forest; (ii) the lifeboating function of aggregates (capacity to retain species of unharvested forest); and whether intact forests and aggregates (iii) are susceptible to edge effects and (iv) influence the adjacent regenerating forest. Intact and harvested forests differed in composition but not richness of plants and beetles. The magnitude of this difference was generally similar among regions, but there was considerable heterogeneity of composition within and among replicate sites. Aggregates within harvest units were effective at lifeboating for both plant and beetle communities. Edge effects were uncommon even within the aggregates. In contrast, effects of forest influence on adjacent harvested areas were common and as strong for aggregates as for larger blocks of intact forest. Our results provide strong support for the widespread application of aggregated retention in boreal and temperate forests. The consistency of pattern in four very different regions of the world suggests that, for forest plants and beetles, responses to aggregated retention are likely to apply more widely. Our results suggest that through strategic placement of aggregates, it is possible to maintain the natural heterogeneity and biodiversity of mature forests managed for multiple objectives.
Data from: Bryophyte abundance, diversity and composition after retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forest
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Data from: A cross-continental comparison of plant and beetle responses to retention of forest patches during timber harvest
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Data from: Recovery of a boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna 15 years after variable retention harvest
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Data from: Ten-year responses of ground-dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest
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Data from: Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects resilience of boreal mixedwood biodiversity after retention harvest
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Data from: Long-term impacts of variable retention harvesting on ground-layer plant communities in Pinus resinosa forests
Concerns about loss of biodiversity and structural complexity in managed forests have recently increased and led to the development of new management strategies focused on restoring or maintaining ecosystem functions while also providing wood outputs. Variable Retention Harvest (VRH) systems, in which mature overstorey trees are retained in various spatial arrangements across harvested areas, represent one potential approach to this problem. However, long-term evaluations of the effectiveness of this strategy at sustaining plant community composition are needed as this strategy is increasingly applied in managed forest landscapes throughout the world. The forest ground layer plays a central role in forest ecosystem functioning and we evaluated the long-term (11+ year) dynamics in ground-layer plant communities in response to VRH study in Pinus resinosa Aiton. forests. This large-scale, manipulative study included four overstorey (control, small gap-aggregated, large gap-aggregated and dispersed) and two understorey (ambient and reduced shrubs) treatments replicated four times in 16 ha stands. Changes in ground-layer community composition were apparent 11 years following harvest, regardless of live-tree retention pattern. Richness and diversity increased and were driven by introduction and colonization of ruderal species, while forest interior species continued to persist across treatments. All life-forms responded positively to harvest with the exception of moss and clubmoss species. The lack of effect of spatial pattern of retention on ground-layer plant communities was likely related to the presence of a dense and persistent shrub layer, a result of decades of fire suppression. In particular, the greatest responses to overstorey retention pattern occurred in areas receiving shrub reduction treatments, indicating this recalcitrant layer likely filtered response to retention pattern. Synthesis and applications. Overall, this work highlights flexibility in choosing a Variable Retention Harvest (VRH) approach when sustaining ground-layer plant community diversity and composition are goals, but altered disturbance regimes (e.g. fire suppression, timber harvesting) that have facilitated the presence or formation of recalcitrant understories, need to be considered. The legacy effects of historical land use and alterations to natural disturbance regimes on the understorey in northern temperate forests are of equal, if not greater importance to overstorey retention patterns, in eliciting desired responses to VRH and need to be more carefully considered in future applications of this method.
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