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46 results for “rewilding”
Derived Data from "Expanding European protected areas through rewilding"
<p>We present the major derived data obtained through the study "Expanding European protected areas through rewilding" published in Current Biology.</p> <p>Data refer to three shapefiles and it is structured as: </p> <p>1) "Rewilding Patches" folder - presenting European rewilding patches (human footprint <=5), classified by area</p> <p>2) "Marxan Solutions" folder - presenting optimized solutions to expand current European protected areas through rewilding such to achieve ,in each country, 30% area with protected areas ("PA_all" sub-folder) and 10% area with strict protected areas ("PA_strict" sub-folder)</p> <p>For detail on data, users are adviced to read the "Readme" files in each folder.</p>
Data from: Spatiotemporal-social association predicts immunological similarity in rewilded mice
<p>Environmental influences on immune phenotypes are well-documented, but our understanding of which elements of the environment affect immune systems, and how, remains vague. Behaviors, including socializing with others, are central to an individual's interaction with its environment. We therefore tracked behavior of rewilded laboratory mice of three inbred strains in outdoor enclosures and examined contributions of behavior, including associations measured from spatiotemporal cooccurrences, to immune phenotypes. We found extensive variation in individual and social behavior among and within mouse strains upon rewilding. And we found that the more associated two individuals were, the more similar their immune phenotypes were. Spatiotemporal association was particularly predictive of similar memory T and B cell profiles and was more influential than sibling relationships or shared infection status. These results highlight the importance of shared spatiotemporal activity patterns and/or social networks for immune phenotype and suggest potential immunological correlates of social life.<span><br></span></p>
Data from: The role of governance in rewilding the United States to stem the biodiversity crisis
<p class="p1">A critical, yet underattended, feature of the biodiversity crisis is the contraction of geographic range experienced by most studied terrestrial vertebrates. In the United States, the primary policy tool for mitigating the biodiversity crisis is the Endangered Species Act (ESA). For the past two decades, the federal agencies that administer the ESA have interpreted the act in a manner that precludes treating this geographic element of the crisis. Therefore, the burden of mitigating the biodiversity crisis largely falls on state wildlife agencies, which are obligated to operate on behalf of the interests of their constituents. We present survey research indicating that most constituents expect state agencies to prioritize species restoration over other activities, including hunting. This prioritization holds even among self-identified hunters, which is significant since state agencies often take the provisioning of hunting opportunities as their top priority. By prioritizing rewilding efforts that restore native species instead, state agencies could unify hunting and non-hunting constituents while simultaneously stemming the biodiversity crisis.</p>
Data from: Impacts of proactive health management on cattle and horse diets and dung biodiversity in Danish rewilding areas
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Data from: Spatiotemporal-social association predicts immunological similarity in rewilded mice
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Data from: The role of governance in rewilding the United States to stem the biodiversity crisis
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Trophic rewilding revives biotic resistance to shrub invasion
<p>Trophic rewilding seeks to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems by repopulating them with large animals, thereby reestablishing strong top-down interactions. Yet there are vanishingly few tests of whether such initiatives can restore ecosystem structure and functions, and on what timescales. Here we show that war-induced collapse of large-mammal populations in Mozambique's Gorongosa National Park exacerbated woody encroachment by the invasive shrub <i>Mimosa pigra</i>—one of the world's '100 worst' invasive species—and that one decade of concerted trophic rewilding restored this invasion to pre-war baseline levels. Mimosa occurrence increased between 1972 and 2015, a period encompassing the near-extirpation of large herbivores during the Mozambican Civil War. From 2015–2019, mimosa abundance declined as ungulate biomass recovered. DNA metabarcoding revealed that ruminant herbivores fed heavily on mimosa, and experimental exclosures confirmed the causal role of mammalian herbivory in containing shrub encroachment. Our results provide mechanistic evidence that trophic rewilding has rapidly revived biotic resistance to a notorious woody invader, underscoring the potential for restoring ecosystem structure and functions in degraded African protected areas.</p>
Results and analysis script from a discrete choice experiment assessing public preferences for rewilding in the Oder Delta
<p>1. Rewilding is an emerging paradigm in restoration science, and is increasingly gaining popularity as a cost-effective ecosystem restoration option. A rewilding framework was recently proposed that contains three integral components: restoring trophic complexity, allowing for stochastic disturbances, and enhancing species' potential to disperse. However, as of yet, there has been limited quantitative analysis looking at public preference for rewilding and each of its elements.</p> <p>2. We used a discrete choice experiment approach to determine public preference for rewilding in the Oder Delta. The unique geographical context of the Oder Delta, spreading evenly across two countries, allowed us to analyze differences between the German (n = 1,005) and Polish (n = 1,066) samples.</p> <p>3. In both countries, we found respondents were willing to pay for rewilding interventions when compared against a status quo option. Notably, preferences were strongest for restoring trophic complexity through promoting the comeback of large mammals.</p> <p>4. In addition, we found respondents living locally to the study region had significantly different preferences than the nationwide samples, exhibiting negative willingness to pay for the restoration of natural flooding regimes and the presence of large predator species.</p>
Data for: Rewilding soil and litter invertebrates and fungi increases decomposition rates and alters detritivore communities
<p>Habitat degradation and associated reductions in ecosystem functions can be reversed by reintroducing or 'rewilding' keystone species. Rewilding projects have historically targeted restoration of processes such as grazing regimes or top-down predation effects. Few projects focus on restoring decomposition efficiency, despite the pivotal role decomposition plays in global carbon sequestration and nutrient cycling. Here, we tested whether rewilding entire communities of detritivorous invertebrates and fungi can improve litter decomposition efficiency and restore detritivore communities during ecological restoration. Rewilding was conducted by transplanting leaf litter and soil, including associated invertebrate and fungal communities from species-rich remnant sites into species-poor, and geographically isolated, revegetated farmland sites in a temperate woodland region of southeastern Australia. We compared communities in sites under the following treatments: remnant (conservation area and source of litter transplant), rewilded revegetation (revegetated farmland site with litter transplant), and control revegetation (revegetated site, no transplant). In one 'before' and three 'after' sampling periods, we measured litter decomposition and the abundance and diversity of detritivorous invertebrates and fungi. We quantified the effect of detritivores on the rate of litter decomposition using piecewise Structural Equation Modelling. Decomposition was significantly faster in rewilding sites than in both control and remnant areas, and was largely driven by a greater abundance of invertebrate detritivores. Similarly, the abundance of invertebrate detritivores in rewilding revegetation sites exceeded the level of remnant communities, whereas there was little difference between control and remnant sites. In contrast, rewilding did not increase saprotrophic fungi relative abundance/diversity and there was no strong relationship between decomposition and fungal diversity. Our findings suggest the relatively simple act of transplanting leaf litter and soil can increase functional efficiency during restoration and alter community composition. Our methods may prove important across a range of contexts where other restoration methods have failed to restore ecosystem processes to pre-degradation levels.</p>
Trophic rewilding benefits a tropical community through direct and indirect network effects
Species reintroductions can be used as a conservation strategy to restore ecological interactions and the functionality of impoverished ecosystems. The ecological effects of reintroductions go beyond restoring pairwise interactions, because reintroductions can change how extant species are indirectly linked to each other in an ecological community. These indirect pathways, in turn, may shape a myriad of ecological and evolutionary processes operating in ecological systems. Here, we investigated how reintroductions may affect the direct and indirect pathways connecting species in ecological networks. We modeled the potential effects of the reintroduction of four frugivore species (channel-billed toucans, red-humped agoutis, brown howler monkeys and yellow-footed tortoises) to the local seed dispersal network in an Atlantic Forest site, the Tijuca National Park (Tijuca, Brazil). We used a seed dispersal interaction dataset together with data on species occurrences in Tijuca to build network models. Then, we calculated how network structure and the total amount of indirect effects varied across simulated networks with and without the reintroduced species. Using random reintroduction simulations, we tested if the observed network changes were expected merely from the increase in species richness. The reintroduction of the frugivore species increased network connectance, nestedness, robustness, number of pathways and total amount of indirect effects in all simulated networks. The increase in number of pathways with the addition of the four reintroduced species was greater than the sum of isolated effects for each species, as some interaction pathways contained several reintroduced species. These changes in network metrics were significantly greater than if a randomly chosen set of four species were reintroduced. Furthermore, our results indicate that multiple reintroductions in the same area, known as refaunation, may have an even greater restoration effect than single species reintroductions through increased indirect connections in the network.
Predation risk can modify the foraging behaviour of frugivorous carnivores: implications of rewilding apex predators for plant-animal mutualisms
<p>Apex predators play key roles in food webs and their recovery can trigger trophic cascades in some ecosystems. Intra-guild competition can reduce the abundances of smaller predators and perceived predation risk can alter their foraging behaviour thereby limiting seed dispersal by frugivorous carnivores. However, little is known about how plant-frugivore mutualism could be disturbed in the presence of larger predators.</p> <p>We evaluated the top-down effect of the regional superpredator, the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), on the number of visits and fruits consumed by medium-sized frugivorous carnivores, as well as the foraging behaviour of identified individuals, by examining the consumption likelihood and the foraging time.</p> <p>We carried out a field experiment in which we placed Iberian pear (Pyrus bourgaeana) fruits beneath fruiting trees and monitored pear removal by frugivorous carnivores, both inside and outside of lynx ranges. Using camera traps, we recorded the presence of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and the stone marten (Martes foina), as well as the number of fruits they consumed and their time spent foraging.</p> <p>Red fox was the most frequent fruit consumer carnivore. We found there were fewer visits and less fruit consumed by foxes inside of lynx ranges, but lynx presence did not seem to affect badgers. We did not observe any stone marten visits inside of lynx territories. The foraging behaviour of red foxes was also altered when inside of lynx ranges whereby foxes were less efficient, consuming less fruit per unit of time and having shorter visits. Local availability of fruit resources, forest coverage and individual personality also were important variables to understand visitation and foraging in a landscape of fear. 5. Our results show a potential trophic cascade from apex predators to primary producers. The presence of lynx can reduce frugivorous carnivore numbers and induce shifts in their feeding behaviour that may modify the seed dispersal patterns with likely consequences for the demography of many fleshy-fruited plant species. We conclude that knowledge of the ecological interactions making up trophic webs is anasset to design effective conservation strategies, particularly in rewilding programs.</p>
Data for: Whole-of-community invertebrate rewilding: Leaf litter transplants rapidly increase beetle diversity during restoration
<p><span>Restoration of degraded areas is now a central tool in humanity's response to continued species loss. However, restoration projects often report exceedingly slow or failed recolonization of fauna, especially dispersal-constrained groups such as invertebrates. Active interventions via reintroducing or "rewilding" invertebrates may assist recolonization and speed up the restoration of communities towards a desired target. However, invertebrate rewilding is rarely implemented during ecological restoration. Here, we studied the efficacy of invertebrate rewilding as a means of improving diversity and compositional similarities to remnant communities during restoration. Rewilding was conducted by transplanting leaf litter and soil, including associated communities of invertebrates from species-rich remnant sites into species-poor and geographically isolated revegetated farmland sites. We sampled pre- and post-rewilding invertebrate communities in remnant, rewilded revegetation, and control revegetation sites. Our data contains mesoinvertebrate (<5mm in size) community samples from 6 sites within each of our 3 treatments. We took 8 subsamples measuring 25 cm by 25 cm containing the entire mesoinvertebrate leaf litter community from each site across 4 different seasons. The first season was a pre-treatment baseline measurement and was taken in November 2018. Thereafter, we sampled 7-, 18-, and 27- months post-rewilding. Our data contains a range of traits for each morphospecies (Size in mm, trophic group, and whether they were winged or flightless) and two environmental variables measured at each site (Volumetric water content and elevation). We included these for our Hierarchical Modelling of Species Community (HMSC) approach to determine whether biological properties of species or environmental variables were driving species distributions. Beetle (Coleoptera) morphospecies richness increased rapidly in rewilded sites and was indistinguishable from remnant communities as early as 7 months post-rewilding. Beetle community similarity in the rewilding sites significantly deviated from the control sites 27 months post-rewilding, however, remnant communities remained distinct over the study timeframe. Establishment success varied as other taxa did not respond as consistently as beetles within the study timeframe. Our results demonstrate that the relatively simple act of transplanting leaf litter can result in comparatively large increases in morphospecies richness during restoration in a short timeframe.</span></p>
Results and analysis script from a discrete choice experiment assessing public preferences for rewilding in the Oder Delta
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Contrasting seasonal patterns in diet and dung-associated invertebrates of feral cattle and horses in a rewilding area
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Data for: Whole-of-community invertebrate rewilding: Leaf litter transplants rapidly increase beetle diversity during restoration
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Data from: Declining human pressure and opportunities for rewilding in the steppes of Eurasia
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Predation risk can modify the foraging behaviour of frugivorous carnivores: implications of rewilding apex predators for plant-animal mutualisms
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Data for: Rewilding soil and litter invertebrates and fungi increases decomposition rates and alters detritivore communities
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Data from: Density-dependent resource partitioning of temperate large herbivore populations under rewilding
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Trophic rewilding benefits a tropical community through direct and indirect network effects
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.