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31 results for “risk avoidance”
Data from: Movement-integrated habitat selection reveals wolves balance ease of travel with human avoidance in a risk-reward trade-off
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Dataset for "Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in the control od Impulsive action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats"
<p>This dataset corresponds to the study "Dissociable Roles of the mPFC-to-VTA Pathway in the Control of Impulsive Action and Risk-Related Decision-Making in Roman High- and Low-Avoidance Rats". In this study, we used Positron Emission Tomography with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose to evaluate brain metabolic activity in Roman High- (RHA) and Low-avoidance (RLA) rats, which exhibit innate differences in impulsivity. Notably, we used a viral-based intersectional chemogenetic strategy to isolate the role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in controlling impulsive behaviors. We selectively activated the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in RHA rats and inhibited it in RLA rats, assessing the effects on impulsive action and RDM in the rat gambling task. Our results showed that RHA rats displayed higher impulsive action, less optimal decision-making, and lower cortical activity than RLA rats at baseline. Chemogenetic activation of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway reduced impulsive action in RHA rats, whereas chemogenetic inhibition had the opposite effect in RLA rats. However, these manipulations did not affect RDM. Our findings suggest a dissociable role of the mPFC-to-VTA pathway in impulsive action and RDM, highlighting its potential as a target for investigating impulsivity-related disorders.</p> <p><strong>Contributions for usage of this data in publications:</strong></p> <p>If you publish any work using these data, please cite this repository and the associated publication.</p>
Raw data for the article: A commentary on "Simultaneous versus staged resection for synchronous colorectal liver metastases: A population-based cohort study". Importance of avoiding any other additional risk in selected patients with synchronous colorectal liver metastases
<p>We read with great interest the article of Dr. Bogach and Colleagues, in which they have evaluated trends of resection for synchronous colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) and associated patient outcomes with a retrospective cohort study from 2006 to 2015 in the province of Ontario, Canada.</p>
Data from: Proactive cursorial and ambush predation risk avoidance in four African herbivore species
<p>Most herbivores must balance demands to meet nutritional requirements, maintain stable thermoregulation and avoid predation. Species-specific predator and prey characteristics determine the ability of prey to avoid predation and the ability of predators to maximise hunting success. Using GPS collar data from African wild dogs, lions, impala, tsessebe, wildebeest and zebra in the Okavango Delta, Botswana, we studied proactive predation risk avoidance by herbivores. We considered predator activity level in relation to prey movement, predator and prey habitat selection, and preferential use of areas by prey. We compared herbivore behaviour to lion and wild dog activity patterns and determined the effect of seasonal resource availability and prey body mass on anti-predator behaviour. Herbivore movement patterns were more strongly correlated to lion than wild dog activity. Habitat selection by predators was not activity level-dependent and, while prey and predators differed to some extent in their habitat selection, there were also overlaps, probably caused by predators seeking habitats with high prey abundance. Areas favoured by lions were used by herbivores more when lions were less active, whereas wild dog activity level was not correlated with prey use. Prey body mass was not a strong predictor of the strength of proactive predation avoidance behaviour. Herbivores showed stronger anti-predator behaviours during the rainy season when resources were abundant. Reducing movement when top predators are most active and avoiding areas with a high likelihood of predator use during the same periods appear to be common strategies to minimize predation risk. Such valuable insights into predator-prey dynamics are only possible when using similar data from multiple sympatric species of predator and prey, an approach that should become more prevalent given the ongoing integration of technological methods into ecological studies.</p>
PACESETTER: Program to Avoid Cerebrovascular Events Through Systematic Electronic Tracking and Tailoring of an Eminent Risk-factor
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03401489. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Videos related to: Noise matters: Elephants show risk-avoidance behaviour in response to human-generated seismic cues
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Data from: Spatiotemporal risk avoidance varies seasonally, relative to risk intensity, in a reestablishing predator–prey system
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Data from: Proactive cursorial and ambush predation risk avoidance in four African herbivore species
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Data from: Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird
Inbreeding is often avoided in natural populations by passive processes such as sex-biased dispersal. But, in many social animals, opposite-sexed adult relatives are spatially clustered, generating a risk of incest and hence selection for active inbreeding avoidance. Here we show that, in long-tailed tits (Aegithalos caudatus), a cooperative breeder that risks inbreeding by living alongside opposite-sex relatives, inbreeding carries fitness costs and is avoided by active kin discrimination during mate choice. First, we identified a positive association between heterozygosity and fitness, indicating that inbreeding is costly. We then compared relatedness within breeding pairs to that expected under multiple mate-choice models, finding that pair relatedness is consistent with avoidance of first-order kin as partners. Finally, we show that the similarity of vocal cues offers a plausible mechanism for discrimination against first-order kin during mate choice. Long-tailed tits are known to discriminate between the calls of close kin and nonkin, and they favor first-order kin in cooperative contexts, so we conclude that long-tailed tits use the same kin discrimination rule to avoid inbreeding as they do to direct help toward kin.
Data from: Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland-urban interface
1. Conflicts between large mammalian predators and humans present a challenge to conservation efforts, as these events drive human attitudes and policies concerning predator species. Unfortunately, generalities portrayed in many empirical carnivore landscape selection studies do not provide an explanation for a predator's occasional use of residential development preceding a carnivore-human conflict event. In some cases, predators may perceive residential development as a risk-reward tradeoff. 2. We examine whether state dependent mortality-risk sensitive foraging can explain an apex carnivore's (Puma concolor) occasional utilization of residential areas. We assess whether puma balance the risk and rewards in a system characterized by a gradient of housing densities ranging from wildland to suburban. Puma GPS location data, characterized as hunting and feeding locations, were used to assess landscape variables governing hunting success and hunting site selection. Hunting site selection behavior was then analyzed conditional on indicators of hunger state. 3. Residential development had a high energetic reward for puma, based on increases in prey availability and hunting success rates associated with increased housing density. Despite a higher energetic reward, hunting site selection analysis indicated that pumas generally avoided residential development, a landscape type attributed with higher puma mortality risk. However, when a puma experienced periods of extended hunger, risk avoidance behavior toward housing waned. 4. This study demonstrates that an apex carnivore faces a tradeoff between acquiring energetic rewards and avoiding risks associated with human housing. Periods of hunger can help explain an apex predator's occasional use of developed landscapes and thus the rare conflicts in the wildland-urban interface. Apex carnivore movement behaviors in relation to human conflicts are best understood as a three-player community level interaction incorporating wild prey distribution.
Data from: Harbour seals avoid tidal turbine noise: implications for collision risk
1. Tidal stream energy converters (turbines) are currently being installed in tidally energetic coastal sites. However, there is currently a high level of uncertainty surrounding the potential environmental impacts on marine mammals. This is a key consenting risk to commercial introduction of tidal energy technology. Concerns derive primarily from the potential for injury to marine mammals through collisions with moving components of turbines. To understand the nature of this risk, information on how animals respond to tidal turbines is urgently required. 2. We measured the behaviour of harbour seals in response to acoustic playbacks of simulated tidal turbine sound within a narrow coastal channel subject to strong, tidally induced currents. This was carried out using data from animal-borne GPS tags and shore-based observations, which were analysed to quantify behavioural responses to the turbine sound. 3. Results showed that the playback state (silent control or turbine signal) was not a significant predictor of the overall number of seals sighted within the channel. 4. However, there was a localised impact of the turbine signal; tagged harbour seals exhibited significant spatial avoidance of the sound which resulted in a reduction in the usage by seals of between 11 and 41% at the playback location. The significant decline in usage extended to 500 m from the playback location at which usage decreased by between 1 and 9% during playback. 5. Synthesis and applications: This study provides important information for policy makers looking to assess the potential impacts of tidal turbines and advise on development of the tidal energy industry. Results showing that seals avoid tidal turbine sound suggest that a proportion of seals encountering tidal turbines will exhibit behavioural responses resulting in avoidance of physical injury; in practice, the empirical changes in usage can be used directly as avoidance rates when using collision risk models to predict the effects of tidal turbines on seals. There is now a clear need to measure how marine mammals behave in response to actual operating tidal turbines in the long term to learn whether marine mammals and tidal turbines can co-exist safely at the scales currently envisaged for the industry.
Movement-integrated habitat selection reveals wolves balance ease of travel with human avoidance in a risk-reward trade-off
<p>We captured and collared 46 wolves across 12 packs in eastern Manitoba between 2014-2019. Each wolf was fit with a GPS telemetry collar programmed to collect a GPS relocation every two hours across all seasons.</p> <p>To produce the dataset, GPS locations were used to generate steps (linear connection between consecutive locations) using the integrated Step Selection Function (iSSA) framework. For a given used step, we randomly generated ten steps based on observed distributions of individual-level movement behaviour. We then extracted habitat covariates for each start and end point of a step, including proportion of forest, distance to linear features, and time of day. </p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Clarke S, Stenekes N, Kancans R, Woodland C, Robinson A (2018) Undelivered risk: A counter-factual analysis of the biosecurity risk avoided by inspecting international mail articles. NeoBiota 40: 73-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.40.28840
Variogram of the residuals of the random forest model : Explanation note: A variogram designed to visually assess whether there is spatial correlation present in the residuals of the random forest model. This does not indicate any spatial correlation.
Early Detection and Early Intervention Program in High-risk Patients to Avoid Invasive Long-term Ventilation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05260853. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Pain Avoidance Behavior and Its Relation to Risk for Opioid Use in Chronic Pain Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04603417. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Clopidogrel for High Atherothrombotic Risk and Ischemic Stabilization, Management and Avoidance (CHARISMA)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00050817. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 32. Publications: 9.
Families Talking Together Plus: An Approach to Promote Sexual Delay and Strengthen Sexual Risk Avoidance Education
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04731649. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Hunger mediates apex predator's risk avoidance response in wildland-urban interface
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Data from: Fine-scale population structure, inbreeding risk and avoidance in a wild insect population
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Data from: Cost, risk, and avoidance of inbreeding in a cooperatively breeding bird
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.