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1,149 results for “risk effects”
Data from: Complex climate-mediated effects of urbanization on plant reproductive phenology and frost risk
<p>This dataset comprises crowdsourced data using digitized herbarium specimen images from two comprehensively digitized regional floras; the Consortium of Northeastern Herbaria (CNH; <a href="http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/">http://portal.neherbaria.org/portal/</a>) and Southeast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC; <a href="http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php">http://sernecportal.org/portal/index.php</a>) for 200 plant species in the eastern United States, and four reproductive phenophases (i.e., flowering, peak flowering, fruiting, and peak fruiting) extracted from the herbarium specimens with associated climate data from PRISM and human population density from US Census Bureau.</p>
Fig. 1. A in The effectiveness of field pest management and culling at harvest for risk mitigation of two fruit flies affecting citrus in China
Fig. 1. A logic chart illustrating work flow and calculating efficacies of pest management and culling at harvest (systems approach efficacy = the efficacy of the 2 measures together).
Fig. 1 in The effectiveness of fruit bagging and culling for risk mitigation of fruit flies affecting citrus in China: a preliminary report
Fig. 1. Five culling procedures for quality control and risk mitigation of fruit flies in the county where this test was conducted.
Fig. 1 in Sleeping site selection in two Asian viverrids: effects of predation risk, resource access and habitat characteristics
Fig. 1. Home ranges, core areas and sleeping sites of binturongs (Arctictis binturong) and masked palm civets (Paguma larvata). Home ranges (minimum convex polygon [MCP] 95%) and core areas (MCP 50%) with sleeping sites overlaid of (a) three masked palm civets and a female binturong at Tikong, (b) a male binturong at Sesawo, and (c) location of study sites (Sesawo and Tikong) within the study area (Thung Yai Naresuan Wildlife Sanctuary – West). Different gray shades within home ranges represent core areas of each animal.
Fig. 4 in Sleeping site selection in two Asian viverrids: effects of predation risk, resource access and habitat characteristics
Fig. 4. Use and reuse of sleeping sites. Cumulative number of unique sleeping sites in relation to the total number of sites observed for two binturongs (Arctictis binturong) and three masked palm civets (Paguma larvata). Numbers of unique sleeping sites (sites that are not re-used) versus total sleeping sites observed and study areas are indicated in parenthesis.
Fig. 3 in Sleeping site selection in two Asian viverrids: effects of predation risk, resource access and habitat characteristics
Fig. 3. Use of sleeping sites within different forest types. Percentage of different forest types used (denoted as U) for sleeping sites versus forest types available (A) for two binturongs (Arctictis binturong) and three masked palm civets (Paguma larvata). Forest types are: semi-evergreen forest (SEF), mixed deciduous forest (MDF), and dry dipterocarp forest (DDF). Numbers in parenthesis after individual animals represent the number of sleeping sites used in the analysis, excluding reused sites.
Fig. 2 in Sleeping site selection in two Asian viverrids: effects of predation risk, resource access and habitat characteristics
Fig. 2. Use of vertical strata for sleeping sites. Percentage use of different vertical strata of sleeping sites by five radio-collared viverrids (two binturongs Arctictis binturong and three masked palm civets Paguma larvata). Strata are: Above canopy, Canopy, and Sub-canopy. Numbers in parenthesis represent number of sleeping sites where animals were directly observed, excluding reused sites.
Dataset for the intervention effects and long-term changes in physical activity and cardiometabolic outcomes among children at risk of noncommunicable diseases in South Africa
<p>Dataset used to evaluate the short-term effects of the physical and health <em>KaziKidz</em> intervention on cardiometabolic risk factors and the long-term changes thereof among school-aged children at risk of NCDs from disadvantaged communities in South Africa.</p> <p>It encompasses anonymized, unique, identification numbers, anthropometric and clinical measures, such as blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids, and Actigraphy-measured physical activity levels. Assigned categories to each cardiovascular risk factor and the overall classification as at risk or not is available too.</p>
Trial to Assess the Effect of Long Term Dosing of Inclisiran in Subjects With High CV Risk and Elevated LDL-C
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03814187. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 13. Publications: 2.
Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Who Are at Cardiovascular Risk
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03315143. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 45. Publications: 5.
Safety, Tolerability, and Effect of Alirocumab in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Severe Hypercholesterolemia Not Adequately Controlled With Conventional Lipid-modifying Therapies (ODYSSEY APPR
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02476006. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 16. Publications: 1.
The Effect of Surgeon Emotional Support on Treatment Choice for Low-risk Thyroid Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05132478. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Soilscapes of mortality risk suggest a Goldilocks effect for overwintering ectotherms
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
The last moves: the effect of hunting and culling on the risk of disease spread from a population of reindeer
<p>1. Hunting and culling are frequently used to combat infectious wildlife diseases. The aim is to markedly lower population density in order to limit disease transmission or to eradicate the host. Massive host culling can yield a trade-off when combating wildlife disease; it follows that intrusive actions may have unintended behavioural side-effects, leading to the geographic spread of disease. The manner in which such excessive hunting and culling of hosts can affect the movement and dispersion of cervids has not been studied.</p> <p>2. In this study, we quantified the behaviour (daily movements and habitat use) and dispersion of GPS-marked reindeer (n = 24) before and during the eradication of an entire population (>2000 reindeer) infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) in Norway. We compared behaviour and dispersion during 10 ordinary hunting seasons (2007-16), an extended hunt in 2017 and marksmen culling (2017/18).</p> <p>3. Seasonality had a major impact on movements. Reindeer movements during the early hunting season (20 August–20 September) did not increase the overall movements compared to that in the pre-hunt season (20 July–19 August), while extended hunting into October (as in 2017) and marksmen culling from November to February markedly increased daytime movements relative to that normally observed in this time of the year. Towards the end of the eradication, the remaining reindeer sought refuge at restricted high-elevation areas with limited forage production. Reindeer used novel areas towards the perimeter of the range, but active herding during culling stopped one herd from leaving the CWD zone.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications: With emerging wildlife diseases, host culling is becoming a more frequently used tool for managers in Europe. Our study highlights the potential trade-off between combating disease transmission within a population and the risk of geographic spread. Such insight is important to design mitigation measures, such as perimeter fencing or herding, to avoid the risk of the geographic spread of disease in cases of severe and economically important wildlife diseases.</p>
Toxicological Effect and Risk Assessment (TERA) Knowledge Graph
<p>The Toxicological Effect and Risk Assessment (TERA) Knowledge Graph is based on chemical effect data from U.S. EPA ECOTOX. This data is aligned to non-proprietary identifiers using ontology alignment tools and external sources (eg. wikidata). This enables the use of external chemical knowledge graphs (eg. ChEBI, PubChem, Mesh, "Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine"). This data set also included an aggregated (into a knowledge graph) of the NCBI taxonomy and Encyclopedia of Life traits data. </p> <p>Linking ECOTOX to external sources enables the extrapolation of effect data, which can extend the reach of ecological risk assessment and limit laboratory experiments. </p> <p>The construction and APIs to facilitate access can be found at <a href="https://gitlab.com/Erik-BM/rappt">https://github.com/NIVA-Knowledge-Graph/TERA</a> </p> <p> </p> <p>LICENCES:<br> <strong>EOL</strong>: Various Creative Commons (CC),<br> <strong>NCBI</strong>: Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0),<br> <strong>ECOTOX</strong>: No restrictions,<br> <strong>PubChem</strong>: Open Data Commons Open Database License, <br> <strong>ChEMBL</strong>: CC Attribution,<br> <strong>MeSH</strong>: Open<em>, Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine,</em><br> <strong>Wikidata</strong><em>: CC0 1.0.</em></p> <p> </p>
Quantifying the effects of species traits on predation risk in nature: a comparative study of butterfly wing damage
<p>1) Evading predators is a fundamental aspect of the ecology and evolution of all prey animals. In studying the influence of prey traits on predation risk, previous researchers have shown that crypsis reduces attack rates on resting prey, predation risk increases with increased prey activity, and rapid locomotion reduces attack rates and increases chances of surviving predator attacks. However, evidence for these conclusions is nearly always based on observations of selected species under artificial conditions. In nature, it remains unclear how defensive traits such as crypsis, activity levels, and speed influence realized predation risk across species in a community. Whereas direct observations of predator-prey interactions in nature are rare, insight can be gained by quantifying bodily damage caused by failed predator attacks. 2) We quantified how butterfly species traits affect predation risk in nature by determining how defensive traits correlate with wing damage caused by failed predation attempts, thereby providing the first robust multi-species comparative analysis of predator-induced bodily damage in wild animals. 3) For 34 species of fruit-feeding butterflies in an African forest, we recorded wing damage and quantified crypsis, activity levels, and flight speed. We then tested for correlations between damage parameters and species traits using comparative methods that account for measurement error. 4) We detected considerable differences in the extent, location, and symmetry of wing surface loss among species, with smaller differences between sexes. We found that males (but not females) of species that flew faster had substantially less wing surface loss. However, we found no correlation between cryptic colouration and symmetrical wing surface loss across species. In species in which males appeared to be more active than females, males had a lower proportion of symmetrical wing surface loss than females. 5) Our results provide evidence that activity greatly influences the probability of attacks and that flying rapidly is effective for escaping pursuing predators in the wild, but we did not find evidence that cryptic species are less likely to be attacked while at rest. 15-Oct-2019</p>
Out in the open: behavior's effect on predation-risk and thermoregulation by aposematic caterpillars
Warning coloration should be under strong stabilizing selection but often displays considerable intraspecific variation. Opposing selection on color by predators and temperature is one potential explanation for this seeming paradox. Despite the importance of behavior for both predator avoidance and thermoregulation, its role in mediating selection by predators and temperature on warning coloration has received little attention. Wood tiger moth caterpillars, <i>Arctia plantaginis</i>, have aposematic coloration, an orange patch on the black body. The size of the orange patch varies considerably: individuals with larger patches are safer from predators, but having a small patch is beneficial in cool environments. We investigated microhabitat preference by these caterpillars and how it interacted with their coloration. We expected caterpillar behavior to reflect a balance between spending time exposed to maximize basking and spending time concealed to avoid detection by predators. Instead, we found that caterpillars preferred exposed locations regardless of their coloration. Whether caterpillars were exposed or concealed had a strong effect on both temperature and predation risk, but caterpillars in exposed locations were both much warmer and less likely to be attacked by a bird predator (great tits, <i>Parus major</i>). This shared optimum may explain why we observed so little variation in caterpillar behavior and demonstrates the important effects of behavior on multiple functions of coloration.
Data from: Effects of condition and sperm competition risk on sperm allocation and storage in neriid flies
<p>Ejaculate traits can be sexually selected and often exhibit heightened condition-dependence. However, the influence of sperm competition risk in tandem with condition-dependent ejaculate allocation strategies is relatively unstudied. Because ejaculates are costly to produce, high-condition males may be expected to invest more in ejaculates when sperm competition risk is greater. We examined the condition-dependence of ejaculate size by manipulating nutrient concentration in the juvenile (larval) diet of the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis. Using a fully factorial design we also examined the effects of perceived sperm competition risk (manipulated by allowing males to mate first or second) on the quantity of ejaculate transferred and stored in the three spermathecae of the female reproductive tract. To differentiate male ejaculates, we fed males non-toxic rhodamine fluorophores (which bind to proteins in the body) prior to mating, labelling their sperm red or green. We found that high-condition males initiated mating more quickly and, when mating second, transferred more ejaculate to both of the female's posterior spermathecae. This suggests that males allocate ejaculates strategically, with high-condition males elevating their ejaculate investment only when facing sperm competition. More broadly, our findings suggest that ejaculate allocation strategies can incorporate variation in both condition and perceived risk of sperm competition.</p>
Demography and environment modulate the effects of genetic diversity on extinction risk in a butterfly metapopulation
<p>Linking genetic diversity to extinction is a common goal in genomic studies. Recently, a debate has arisen regarding the importance of genetic variation in conservation as some studies have failed to find associations between genome-wide genetic diversity and extinction risk. However, only rarely are genetic diversity and fitness measured together in the wild, and typically variation in demographic history or environment are ignored. It is therefore difficult to infer whether a lack of an association is real or obscured by confounding factors. To address these shortcomings, we analysed genetic data from 7,501 individuals with extinction data from 279 meadows and mortality of 1,742 larval nests in a butterfly metapopulation. We found strong negative associations between genetic diversity and extinction when heterozygosity was included alone in models. However, this association was no longer present when ecological covariates were included. Interactions between heterozygosity and demographic variables revealed that associations are context-dependent or only detectable when confounding factors are controlled. For example, extinction declined with increasing heterozygosity in large but not currently small populations, although negative associations between heterozygosity, extinction, and mortality were detected in populations with a recent history of decline. We conclude that low genetic diversity is an important predictor of extinction, predicting >25% increase in extinction beyond ecological factors in certain contexts. This highlights that inferences about the importance of genetic diversity should not rely on genomic data alone but requires investments in obtaining demographic and environmental data from natural populations to jointly assess their impact on population extinction risk.</p>
Can at-risk species serve as effective conservation surrogates? Case study in northeastern US shrublands
<p>Targeted, single-species management and ecosystem-based management are generally considered disparate conservation approaches. In imperiled ecosystems, these approaches may be complementary, when habitat management for targeted at-risk species provides broad ecosystem benefits through an umbrella or surrogate species effect. In the northeastern United States, extensive management has been ongoing since 2011 to restore declining habitat for an at-risk shrubland habitat specialist, the New England cottontail (<i>Sylvilagus transitionalis</i>), with the goal that other shrubland-obligate wildlife will also benefit; yet the efficacy of these efforts has not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed whether habitat management targeting New England cottontail provides conservation benefits for shrubland-obligate birds. Specifically, we (1) identified shrubland-obligate birds that are indicative of the microhabitat conditions and habitat types suitable for New England cottontails, and (2) determined microhabitat and patch-level influences on shrubland bird occupancy at sites occupied by or managed for New England cottontail. Through avian point count surveys and indicator species analyses, we identified 12 shrubland-obligate bird species on patches occupied by New England cottontail and in microhabitat conditions suitable for New England cottontail. Occupancy models for five shrubland bird species further identified species-specific habitat associations. Generalized linear models showed that shrubland bird species richness was positively associated with herbaceous vegetation and low shrubs, indicating that shrublands managed for the purpose of cottontail colonization can also benefit a suite of shrubland birds before the habitat is dense enough to provide cover for cottontails. Our findings show that managing habitat for New England cottontail on a variety of site types can maintain a range of microhabitat conditions to support a high diversity of shrubland-obligate birds. These findings provide evidence for broad ecosystem benefits of managing for New England cottontail and exemplify the value of at-risk habitat specialists as conservation surrogates in imperiled ecosystems.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.