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76 results for “risk taking”
Balloon Analog Risk-taking Task
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Science Communication Webinar Series: Taking Risks in Science Communication
<p>Blue-Action are coordinating a series of webinars on climate science communication in 2020. These are aimed at early-career researchers, but anyone who wishes to engage people with their research at any stage will find them valuable.</p> <p>This webinar was delivered on 18th September 2020 by <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/mcoath/?originalSubdomain=uk">Martin Coath</a>, who is a Senior Affiliated Researcher at the University of Lapland. Martin is an experienced science communicator, and here explains how sometimes you need to take risks to make an impact. </p>
Data Materials for Fortune Telling Studies: Positive Fortune Telling Enhances Men's Financial Risk Taking
<p>We share the data materials for three studies and a meta-analysis on the effects of positive fortune telling on enhancing men's financial risk taking. A paper entitled as "<strong>Positive Fortune Telling Enhances Men’s Financial Risk Taking</strong>" was written up for publication.</p>
Data and R code from: Haemosporidian infections influence risk-taking behaviours in young male blackcaps Sylvia atricapilla
<p>This repository contains all data and code necessary to reproduce the results and figures of the paper:</p> <p>Remacha, C., Ramírez, A., Arriero, E. and Pérez-Tris, J. 2023. Haemosporidian infections influence risk-taking behaviours in young male blackcaps <em>Sylvia atricapilla</em>. Animal Behaviour, 196, 113-126. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.001">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2022.12.001</a></p> <p>The repository contains a readme file (README_SYAT_MS_ANIBEH_Scripts.txt) with a description of the code and the data. The code is organised in eight R script files. Instructions to run the code are provided in the readme file. The data are organised in two separate files. One file (SYAT_MS_BH_ANIBEHdata.txt) contains data of exploratory and antipredatory behaviours of 43 young male blackcaps. The other one (SYAT_MS_BH_BIOL_ANIBEHdata.txt) contains biological and experimental attributes of the same individuals: status and intensity of parasite infection, experimental treatment, morphology and body mass.</p>
Data and code from: A timid choice: Risk-taking behavior predicts individualized niche in a varying landscape of safety
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Variations in risk-taking behaviour mediate matrix mortality's impact on biodiversity under fragmentation
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Regression data for "Bank Risk-Taking and Market Discipline: Evidence from CoCo Bonds in Korea"
<p>This repository contains the main regression data for the paper "Bank Risk-Taking and Market Discipline: Evidence from CoCo Bonds in Korea" by Younghwan Lee and Alex Haerang Park.</p>
Size-selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
<p>1. Intensive and trait-selective mortality of fish and wildlife can cause evolutionary changes in a range of life-history and behavioral traits. These changes might in turn alter the circadian system due to coevolutionary mechanisms or correlated selection responses both at behavioral and molecular levels, with knock-on effects on daily physiological processes and behavioral outputs.</p> <p>2. We examined the evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a model fish species. We exposed zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) to either large or small size-selective harvesting relative to a control over five generations, followed by eight generations during which harvesting halted to remove maternal effects.</p> <p>3. Size-selective mortality affected fine-scale timing of behaviors. In particular, small size-selective mortality, typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes, increased group risk-taking behavior during feeding and after simulated predator attacks. Moreover, small size-selective mortality increased early peaks of daily activity as well as extended self-feeding daily activity to the photophase compared to controls. By contrast large size-selective mortality, typical of most wild capture fisheries, only showed an almost significant effect of decreasing group risk-taking behavior during the habituation phase and no clear changes in fine-scale timing of daily behavioral rhythms compared to controls.</p> <p>4. We also found changes in the molecular circadian core clockwork in response to both size selective mortality treatments. These changes disappeared in the clock output pathway because both size-selected lines showed similar transcription profiles. This switch downstream to the molecular circadian core clockwork also resulted in similar overall behavioral rhythms (diurnal swimming and self-feeding in the last hours of darkness) independent of the underlying molecular clock.</p> <p>5. To conclude, our experimental harvest left an asymmetrical evolutionary legacy in group risk-taking behavior and in fine-scale daily behavioral rhythms. Yet, the overall timing of activity showed evolutionary resistance probably maintained by a molecular switch. Our experimental findings suggest that size-selective mortality can have consequences for behavior and physiological processes.</p>
Risk-taking coping style correlates with SERT SNP290 polymorphisms in free-living great tits
<p>The coping style of an individual in relation to potentially dangerous situations has been suggested to be inherited in a polygenic fashion, being SERT one of the candidate genes. In this paper, we assessed in free-living great tits Parus major the association between SNP290 in the SERT promoter and three standard fear-related behaviors, namely the response of the birds to a black and white flag fixed to the top of the nest-box, distress calling rate of the birds in the hand once captured and the hissing call of incubating females when approached by a predator. We found a strong association between SNP290 polymorphism and the three risk-taking behaviors, with birds with genotype CT entering faster to the nest box with the flag and displaying more distress calls and less hissing calls. CT birds could therefore be described as more proactive than CC individuals. These results also suggest that hissing behavior should be regarded as a fear-induced shy behavior, and confirm that SERT has an important function in relation to risk aversion behaviors and coping style.</p>
Data from: Sex differences in the predictability of risk-taking behaviour
<p>Recent research has found that individuals often vary in how consistently they express their behaviour over time (i.e. behavioural predictability) and suggested that these individual differences may be heritable. However, little is known about the intrinsic factors that drive variation in the predictability of behaviour. Indeed, whether variation in behavioural predictability is sex-specific is not clear. This is important, as behavioural predictability has been associated with vulnerability to predation, suggesting that the predictability of behavioural traits may have key fitness implications. We investigated whether male and female eastern mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) differed in the predictability of their risk-taking behaviour. Specifically, over a total of 954 behavioural trials, we repeatedly measured risk-taking behaviour with three commonly used assays—refuge-use, thigmotaxis, and foraging latency. We predicted that there would be consistent sex differences in both mean-level risk-taking behaviour and behavioural predictability across the assays. We found that risk-taking behaviour was repeatable within each assay, and that some individuals were consistently bolder than others across all three assays. There were also consistent sex differences in mean-level risk-taking behaviour, with males being bolder across all three assays compared to females. In contrast, both the magnitude and direction of sex differences in behavioural predictability were assay specific. Taken together, these results highlight that behavioural predictability may be independent from underlying mean-level behavioural traits and suggest that males and females may differentially adjust the consistency of their risk-taking behaviour in response to subtle changes in environmental conditions.</p>
Data from: The effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour in a migratory songbird
<p>Temporal changes in environmental conditions may play a major role in the year-to-year variation in fitness consequences of behaviours. Identifying environmental drivers of such variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of behaviours in natural contexts. However, our understanding of how environmental variation influences behaviours in the wild remains limited. Using data collected over 14 breeding seasons from a collared flycatcher (<em>Ficedula albicollis</em>) population, we examined the effect of environmental variation on the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour, a highly variable behavioural trait with great evolutionary and ecological significance. Specifically, using annual recapture probability as a proxy of survival, we evaluated the specific effect of predation pressure, food availability and mean temperature on the relationship between annual recapture probability and risk-taking behaviour (measured as flight initiation distance, FID). We found a negative trend, as the relationship between annual recapture probability and FID decreased over the study years, and changed from positive to negative. Specifically, in the early years of the study, risk-avoiding individuals exhibited a higher annual recapture probability, whereas in the later years, risk-avoiders had a lower annual recapture probability. However, we did not find evidence that any of the considered environmental factors mediated the variation in the relationship between survival and risk-taking behaviour.</p>
Taking stock of climate-driven risks to mountain biodiversity
<p>Mountain biodiversity is rapidly reorganizing as species migrate upslope to track climate warming. Despite the potential threats of mountaintop extirpation, range shift gaps, and lowland biodiversity attrition, empirical evidence of these risks remains scarce. We analyzed 8,800 records of historical and modern elevational range limits for 440 animals and 1,629 plant species and found that the risk of mountaintop extirpation did not exceed random expectations. Upper limits expanded for species with narrow ranges or lowland affinities, but lower limits showed little contraction, implying scant risk to date of these threats, even in the tropics. Yet the predominance of upslope expansion combined with delayed mountaintop extirpations points to a biotic homogenization, which may profoundly alter biotic interactions in mountain ecosystems with increasing warming.</p>
Data Files for the study "Exploring risk-taking behaviour as a function of cognitive flexibility and emotional intelligence"
<p><span>Risk-taking behaviour refers to how one decides to act with the possibility of negative outcomes which is often pursued in the hope of achieving a lucrative reward, and it can happen in various circumstances, which makes it important to study and understand the key factors behind this cognitive process. The present study focused on understanding these dynamics with emotional intelligence and cognitive flexibility. The present study incorporated a healthy sample (<em>n=</em>121) whose emotional intelligence was assessed with MSREIS-R, risk-taking with GDT and cognitive flexibility with WCST. The findings suggested that cognitive flexibility and sub-scale of emotional intelligence did impact risk-taking behaviour, while no moderating effect was found between them. However, the sub-scales of emotional intelligence did predict cognitive flexibility hinting at their interactive relationship which does not erase the possibility of them not affecting risk-taking behaviour completely.<span> </span></span></p> <p>Emotional intelligence questionnaire and manuals, an Excel file consisting of Emotional Intelligence Score, SPSS file, Software file (Inquisit Program file), the link to the task script and other important links, Game of dice task(raw and summary data), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (raw and summary data).</p>
Data from: Functional relations between body mass and risk-taking behavior in wild great tits
Natural selection often favors particular combinations of functionally-related traits, resulting in adaptive phenotypic integration. Phenotypic integration has been proposed as a potential mechanism explaining the existence of repeatable among-individual differences in behavior (i.e., animal personality). In this study, we investigated patterns of covariation between morphology and behavior in a population of free-living great tits (Parus major) monitored for seven years. In particular, we aimed to disentangle the effect of structural size versus body condition on risk-taking behavior. To do so, we repeatedly quantified multiple morphological (body mass, wing, tarsus, and bill length) and behavioral traits (aggressiveness and exploration) in 742 individual males. Structural equation modelling (SEM) allowed us to test causal a priori hypothesized relationships between the different morphological and behavioral traits. Our best-fitting SEM model supported the existence of a behavioral character, "risk-taking behavior" that covaried simultaneously with the latent variable "body size", and "body condition". Our findings thus demonstrate that an individual's morphological and behavioral traits represent expressions of an integrated phenotype, suggesting a role for phenotypic integration in generating animal personality in a wild bird population.
An experiment on how time scarcity shapes risk-taking behaviour
<p>This is the dataset assciated to the paper "Of two minds: An experiment on how time scarcity shapes risk-taking behaviour". The dataset contains responses from the participants of the experiment. Key variables are the amount allocated to the risky asset ina portfolio allocation problem and the time treatment the subject was assigned to. The dataset also contains subjects' sociodemographic variables that were collected at the ned of the experiment. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Heat stress increases risk taking in foraging shorebirds
<p>1. Animals often face a trade-off between food acquisition and predation/disturbance avoidance. Yet the extent to which this trade-off is affected by modulating factors such as thermal risk and foraging opportunities has been largely overlooked.</p> <p>2. Here, we examined the influence of temporal and environmental gradients on the flight initiation distance (FID, the distance at which animals flee from an approaching human-simulated predator) and escape mode (flying/low risk versus running/low cost) in 16 species of shorebirds foraging on tidal flats of the Bijagós Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. We measured escape responses throughout the low tide period during wet and dry seasons and simultaneously recorded microclimate variables and occurrence of heat-reduction behaviour (ptiloerection). Furthermore, we measured corticosterone metabolites (CORTm) from droppings in red knots <em>Calidris canutus</em> to assess whether ptiloerection is associated to a physiological stress response to hot conditions.</p> <p>3. Overall, birds tolerated a closer approach at higher environmental temperatures and when showing ptiloerection. They also had shorter FIDs during the dry season and towards the start/end of the low tide period. FIDs also increased with body mass and decreased in areas with more human presence. In red knots, individuals showing ptiloerection had higher levels of CORTm, demonstrating a link between physiological and behavioural stress coping responses to heat events.</p> <p>4. Our results suggest that heat-stressed shorebirds take greater risks, supporting the idea of a thermoregulation–predation risk trade-off. They also indicate that shorebirds adjust risk taking to tidal and seasonal cycles, generally reducing FIDs when the energetic costs of escape are expected to be large. Finally, they suggest that shorebirds habituate to non-lethal human presence and respond to perceived predation risk in accordance with the predictions of optimal escape theory.</p> <p>5. These results are relevant to many animals that face a tight window for foraging activity while being exposed to predation/disturbance and heat during the day. We discuss management implications of our results in the context of global change.</p>
Data and R codes from: Effects of human disturbance on risk-taking behavior in painted turtles
<p>Animals are exposed to high levels of anthropogenic disturbance, which has profound consequences for population persistence. Individuals can adjust their behavior plastically when faced with perturbations in their environment and may show consistent differences in the way they perceive and respond to risky situations. Over time, this variability among individuals in response to risk can affect the dynamics of populations exposed to human disturbance. Thus, understanding how animals cope behaviorally with human disturbance is important, especially for species vulnerable to human perturbations, such as turtles. In this context, we evaluated whether risk-taking behaviors are consistent within individual painted turtles (<em>Chrysemys picta</em>) and assessed how these behaviors are related to the extent of human disturbance along the Rideau Canal, Ontario, Canada. Specifically, we conducted repeated measurements of the number of active defensive behaviors used during handling and the time taken to escape a floating platform for a total of 730 painted turtles (1117 observations) from 22 sites varying in human disturbance along the canal. We also quantified the emergence of the turtles from the water after escaping the platform. First, individual painted turtles showed consistent differences in all risk-taking behaviors. Second, painted turtles in areas with high boat activity displayed more active defensive behaviors, while turtles from sites in proximity to more houses with access to the canal used fewer. Our study highlights the importance of studying animal behavior to better understand the impact of human activities on animal populations.</p>
Fitness, risk taking, and spatial behavior covary with boldness in experimental vole populations
<p>Individuals of a population may vary along a pace-of-life syndrome from highly fecund, short-lived, bold, dispersive 'fast' types at one end of the spectrum to less fecund, long-lived, shy, plastic 'slow' types at the other end. Risk-taking behaviour might mediate the underlying life-history trade-off but empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis is still ambiguous. Using experimentally created populations of common voles (<em>Microtus arvalis</em>) - a species with distinct seasonal life-history trajectories - we aimed to test whether individual differences in boldness behaviour co-vary with risk-taking, space use, and fitness<span>. </span>We quantified risk taking, space use (via automated tracking), survival and reproductive success (via genetic parentage analysis) in 8 to 14 experimental, mixed-sex populations of 113 common voles of known boldness type in large grassland enclosures over a significant part of their adult life span and two reproductive events. Populations were assorted to contain extreme boldness types (bold or shy) of both sexes. Bolder individuals took more risks than shyer ones, which did not affect survival. Bolder males but not females produced more offspring than shy conspecifics. Daily home range and core area sizes, based on 95% and 50% Kernel density estimates (20 ± 10 per individual, n = 54 individuals), were highly repeatable over time. Individual space use unfolded differently for sex-boldness type combinations over the course of the experiment. While day ranges decreased for shy females, they increased for bold females and all males. Space use trajectories may, hence, indicate differences in coping styles when confronted with a novel social and physical environment. Thus, inter-individual differences in boldness predict risk taking under near natural conditions and have consequences for fitness in males, which have a higher reproductive potential than females. Given extreme inter- and intra-annual fluctuations in population density in the study species and its short life span, density-dependent fluctuating selection operating differently on the sexes might maintain (co)variation in boldness, risk taking and pace-of-life.</p>
Evaluation of Risk Minimization, Assessment and Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Pain Taking Avinza
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00640042. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 2. Publications: 9.
Kyaterekera Project: A Combination Intervention Addressing Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Vulnerable Women in Uganda
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03583541. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.