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473 results for “role of humans”
Adipose tissue plasticity in pheochromocytoma patients reveals a key role of the splicing machinery in human adipose browning
<p>RNA-sequencing counts data from omental adipose tissue from control individuals (C1-3) and patients with pheochromocytoma (P1-4) for whole genes (genes-counts.tsv) and individual isoforms (isoform-counts.tsv). Additional details regarding recruited individuals are available in the associated manuscript.</p> <p>Tissue fragments (~150 mg) of adipose biopsies from controls and pheochromocytoma patients were homogenized using a metal bead-based mechanical procedure in a TissueLyser® (QIAGEN, Düsseldorf, Germany). Total RNA was isolated from tissue homogenates using a NucleoSpin® RNA kit (Macherey-Nagel, Dueren, Germany) following the manufacturer’s protocol. mRNA was purified from 2 μg of total RNA using oligo-dT beads; it was then fragmented, retrotranscribed with random primers, and subjected to second-strand synthesis to create double-stranded cDNA fragments. Adaptor ligation, purification of 200-base pair cDNA fragments, amplification of the purified fragments, and library preparation were performed as previously reported by our laboratory. Before sequencing, the RNA integrity number (RIN) of each sample was determined using an Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100; samples with RIN ≥ 7.5 were used for RNA-sequencing. The cDNA library quality and quantity were further analyzed as previously described. Libraries yielding satisfactory results were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer (DNAvision, Charleroi, Belgium). The average reads per sample was 45 million; this level of coverage was previously shown to provide sufficient sequencing depth for gene expression quantification and transcript detection. Quality control of reads was performed using FastQC (version 0.11.8; bioinformatics.babraham.ac.uk/projects/fastqc). Gene expression was quantified using Salmon version 1.1.0 with the additional parameters “– seqBias – gcBias – validateMappings”. GENCODE version 31 (GRCh38.p12) was used as the reference genome and indexed using default parameters; this resulted in 175,775 transcripts corresponding to 35,183 genes.</p>
Systematic review data on the role of urban planning in the context of sustainability transformations and human-nature connections
<p>This data publication belongs to the following research paper:<br>Harms, P., Hofer, M. & Artmann, M. Planning cities with nature for sustainability transformations — a systematic review. Urban Transform 6, 9 (2024). <br>https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-024-00066-2 </p> <p>We conducted a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA Statement 2020 (Page et al. 2021). The list shows the steps performed and the names of the corresponding datasets available here:</p> <p>Step A - Identification of Records<br>A_01_PRISMA-protocoll.pdf<br>A_02_searchstring.txt<br>A_03_recordsidentified.ris</p> <p>Step B - Screening of Records<br>B_01_recordsscreened-title-keywords.ris<br>B_02_recordsscreened-abstract.ris<br>B_03_recordsscreened-fulltext.ris<br>B_04_studiesincluded.ris<br>B_05_screeningdecisions-overview.xlsx</p> <p>Step C - Qualitative Analysis<br>C_01_codingscheme.xlsx</p> <p> </p>
Data for: "Dynamic species distribution modeling reveals the pivotal role of human-mediated long-distance dispersal in plant invasion"
<p>All the data needed to reproduce the results and Figures of our article:</p> <p>Botella, C., Bonnet, P., Hui, C., Joly, A., & Richardson, D. M. (2022). Dynamic Species Distribution Modeling Reveals the Pivotal Role of Human-Mediated Long-Distance Dispersal in Plant Invasion. <em>Biology</em>, <em>11</em>(9), 1293. <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293">https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11091293</a></p> <p>Please, find the R scripts and guidelines to reproduce our results on the article's Github repository :</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main">https://github.com/ChrisBotella/plectranthus_barbatus/tree/main</a></p>
The Role of Lexical Alignment in Human Understanding of Explanations by Conversational Agents
<p>This dataset was collected as part of the research investigating the role of lexical alignment in understanding. The dataset consists of the responses of 179 participants recruited via Prolific (a crowdsourcing platform).</p> <p>1. Dialogue with a conversational agent (CA)</p> <p>2. Survey questionnaire responses from the participants.</p> <p>3. Primes selected or provided by the participants.</p> <p> </p> <p>This repository contains:</p> <ol> <li>Cleaned data sources listed above. The data is cleaned by removing data from participants who failed attention checks, or any other factor leading to error such as experiment setup, etc.</li> <li>A Python (Jupyter) playbook to analyse the collected data (Analysis_20230927.ipynb)</li> <li>Experiment design (exp_design_flow.png)</li> </ol>
BRAIN Journal-Computational Intelligence in a Human Brain Model-Figure 4. Name and role of the Chess Pieces
<p>In assigning the brain function to the computational processing units the strategy of the chess game will be pursued: 1 king – consciousness, mind, resolving undefined situations, undetermined risk analysis, feedback: 1 queen – implementation strategy, thinking, learning; 2 rooks – initial knowledge memory and learning memory; 2 bishops – good or updated, time or emergency decision; 2 knights – rules, open schemes, fixed processes, templates; 8 pawns – interfaces with own senses and actions. Double chess pieces will be assigned in the model with initial knowledge (‘ marked) that can be updated as a learning experience to a second set (“ marked).</p>
BRAIN Journal-Computational Intelligence in a Human Brain Model-Figure 3. Assigning ` the "SAH" Human Brain Model the role of the Chess Pieces
<p>The components are not topically subordinated to each other but in a strong interoperability and used for outputs reflected as result of thinking, actions to receiving information from the sensor of the interfaces, movement or speaking. </p>
Raw data for the article: Human Amnion Epithelial Cells Impair T Cell Proliferation: The Role of HLA-G and HLA-E Molecules
<p>The immunoprivilege status characteristic of human amnion epithelial cells (hAECs) has been recently highlighted in the context of xenogenic transplantation. However, the mechanism(s) involved in such regulatory functions have been so far only partially been clarified. Here, we have analyzed the expression of HLA-Ib molecules in isolated hAEC obtained from full term placentae. Moreover, we asked whether these molecules are involved in the immunoregulatory functions of hAEC. Human amnion-derived cells expressed surface HLA-G and HLA-F at high levels, whereas the commonly expressed HLA-E molecule has been measured at a very low level or null on freshly isolated cells. HLA-Ib molecules can be expressed as membrane-bound and soluble forms, and in all hAEC batches analyzed we measured high levels of sHLA-G and sHLA-E when hAEC were maintained in culture, and such a release was time-dependent. Moreover, HLA-G was present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by hAEC. hAEC suppressed T cell proliferation in vitro at different hAEC:T cell ratios, as previously reported. Moreover, inhibition of T cell proliferation was partially reverted by pretreating hAEC with anti-HLA-G, anti-HLA-E and anti-β2 microglobulin, thus suggesting that HLA-G and -E molecules are involved in hAEC-mediated suppression of T cell proliferation. Finally, either large-size EV (lsEV) or small-size EV (ssEV) derived from hAEC significantly modulated T-cell proliferation. In conclusion, we have here characterized one of the mechanism(s) underlying immunomodulatory functions of hAEC, related to the expression and release of HLA-Ib molecules.</p>
Ranking snapshot for the query "THE ROLE OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" performed on Google Scholar
This deposit provides a snapshot of results obtained through a Google Scholar search query on the topic of "THE ROLE OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE". The search was performed by Alessandro Lotta, from Unipd, on May 30, 2023 at 6:34:32 PM. The captured data includes 2 pages of search results, which have been saved in the output-data.jsonld file. In addition to the citation data, the deposit includes PNG format screenshots of the search results, allowing visual reference to the captured information. The metadata for the Research Object Crate is also included in JSON format, providing essential details about the contents. The citation snapshot presented here is generated using the Unipd Ranking Citation Tool, a tool developed by Gianmaria Silvello and Alessandro Lotta (University of Padua). This tool, accessible at https://rankingcitation.dei.unipd.it
Brown and white layer pullet hybrids show different fear responses towards humans, but what role does light during incubation play in that?
<p>Good early life conditions are increasingly recognized as essential to animal welfare later in life. The use of light during incubation might improve coping capacities and welfare in later life in poultry, by more closely approximating chicken natural environments compared to the current conventional incubation in darkness. Previous studies showed that lighted incubation resulted in more lateralized chicks, a more pronounced daily behavior rhythm, earlier onset of melatonin rhythms, and lower stress reactions to various stressors after hatching. Most existing research, however, has been conducted on broilers, and little information on lighted incubation is available for laying hens. In the current research, Dekalb White and ISA Brown eggs were incubated in complete darkness or in a cycle of green 12L:12D throughout incubation, and five fear of human tests were performed on the 387 chickens during the rearing phase. We expected dark-incubated chickens to show stronger fear responses than light-incubated chickens. That was only the case for one of 15 behavior measurements taken during the tests (<em>p</em> < 0.05). In addition, white layer hybrids are known to be flightier and more fearful than brown hybrids. In this study, white chickens indeed showed stronger fear responses than brown chickens in 12 of the 15 behavior measurements (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.002). Furthermore, we expected light during incubation to have stronger effects on white chickens than on brown chickens, because of the stronger transmission of light through white eggshells. However, the interaction between hybrid and incubation was never significant (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.18). Finally, contrary to our expectations, there was no effect of the incubation treatments or the hybrid on plasma corticosterone responses to a manual restraint test (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.36). Since there was a hybrid effect on behavior in this test, it is reasonable to think that behavior reflected coping style, rather than fear level. To conclude, the light regime used in this study does not seem as promising as expected to improve laying hen welfare. Finally, the brown hybrid was usually less fearful than the white hybrid, though there were some exceptions depending on the stressor, and that should be taken into account in research and in laying hen management.</p>
The role of human hunters and natural predators in shaping the selection of behavioral types in male wild turkeys
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Experimental Validation video for paper "The Critical Role of Effective Communication in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly"
<p>Experimental Validation video for paper "The Critical Role of Effective Communication in Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly".</p><p>The video shows a collaborative manipulator executing a collaborative assembly job with the user using a natural vocal communication architecture. The experiment compares the proposed framework with the state-of-art interaction and highlight the differences.</p>
Livestock guardian dogs establish a landscape of fear for wild predators: implications for the role of guardian dogs in reducing human-wildlife conflict and supporting biodiversity conservation
<ol> <li>Livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) are increasingly used to protect livestock from predators, but their effects on the distribution and behaviour of wild predators are mostly unknown. A key question is whether LGDs exclude predators from grazing land, or if predators continue to use areas with LGDs but modify their behaviour in ways that reduce impacts on livestock.</li> <li>We studied effects of LGDs (Maremma sheepdogs) on distribution and behaviour of red foxes Vulpes vulpes in north-eastern Victoria, Australia. We mapped the activity of LGDs across the study areas using GPS tracking and measured fox activity using remote cameras. We also measured risk-sensitive foraging in foxes to test if they reduced feeding time at sites regularly used by LGDs.</li> <li>Foxes occurred throughout areas occupied by LGDs, but their probability of detection was negatively related to probability of LGD presence. Foxes extracted fewer food items from experimental food stations in proportion to the intensity of local activity of LGDs. This indicates that though foxes overlapped with LGDs, they responded to risk of encountering LGDs by allocating less time to foraging. </li> <li>While LGDs do not necessarily exclude wild predators from areas used for livestock production, they can have strong effects on predator behaviour. Reduction in time allocated to foraging in areas regularly used by LGDs could lead to suppression of hunting behaviour and therefore a reduction in attacks on livestock. The flexible response of predators to LGDs should facilitate coexistence of wild predators with livestock farming, by allowing predators to continue to use areas occupied by livestock while still preventing attacks on those livestock. Our results therefore strengthen the case for use of LGDs in the conservation of predators threatened by conflict with farming. Suppression of hunting behaviour should also mean that prey species experience reduced rates of predation on farmland with LGDs. This effect could be valuable for conservation of threatened species of prey.</li> </ol>
Data from: A causal role of anterior prefrontal-putamen circuit for response inhibition revealed by transcranial ultrasound stimulation in humans
<p>Stopping an inappropriate response requires the involvement of the prefrontal-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway. However, how the prefrontal-striatal indirect pathway contributes to stopping is poorly understood. In this study, transcranial ultrasound stimulation is used to perform interventions in a task-related region in the striatum. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals activation in the right anterior part of the putamen during response inhibition, and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior putamen, as well as the subthalamic nucleus, results in significant impairments in stopping performance. Diffusion imaging further reveals prominent structural connections between the anterior putamen and the right anterior part of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior IFC also shows significant impaired stopping performance. These results demonstrate that the right anterior putamen and right anterior IFC causally contribute to stopping and suggest that the anterior IFC-anterior putamen circuit in the indirect pathway serves as an essential route for stopping.</p>
Data from: The role of non-natural foods in the nutritional strategies of monkeys in a human-modified mosaic landscape
<p>Many tropical animals inhabit mosaic landscapes including human-modified habitat. In such landscapes, animals commonly adjust feeding behavior, and may incorporate non-natural foods. These behavioral shifts can influence consumers' nutritional states, with implications for population persistence. However, few studies have addressed the nutritional role of non-natural food. We examined nutritional ecology of wild blue monkeys to understand how dietary habits related to non-natural foods might support population persistence in a mosaic landscape. We documented prevalence and nutritional composition of non-natural foods in monkey diets to assess how habitat use influenced their consumption and their contribution to nutritional strategies. While most energy and macronutrients came from natural foods, subjects focused non-natural feeding activity on five exotic plants and averaged about a third of daily calories from non-natural foods. Most non-natural food calories came from non-structural carbohydrates and least from protein. Consumption of non-natural foods related to time in human-modified habitats, which two groups used non-randomly. Non-natural and natural foods were similar in nutrients, and the amount of non-natural food consumed drove variation in nutritional strategy. When more daily calories came from non-natural foods, females consumed a higher ratio of non-protein energy to protein (NPE:P). Females also prioritized protein while allowing NPE:P to vary, increasing NPE while capitalizing on non-natural foods. Overall, these tropical mammals achieved a similar nutrient balance regardless of their intake of non-natural foods. Forest and forest-adjacent areas with non-natural vegetation may provide adequate nutrient access for consumers, and thus contribute to wildlife conservation in mosaic tropical landscapes.</p>
Global signaling profiling in a human model of tumorigenic progression indicates a role for alternative RNA splicing in cellular reprogramming.
<p>Data was collected using a LTQ-XL mass spectrometer (Thermo). Phosphopeptides were enriched from cell extracts from 3 independent biological replicates, and each replicate was analyzed as 3 technical replicates for a total of 9 LC/MS/MS runs per cell line. Cell lines are based on the MCF-10A lineage of human mammary epithelial cells, and include MCF-10A (10A), MCF-10AT (AT), MCF-10ATG3B (TG) and MCF-10ACA1a (CA).</p>
Encompassing view of spatial and single-cell RNA-seq renews the role of the microvasculature in human atherosclerosis
<p>Here we generate an integrative high-resolution map of human atherosclerotic plaques combining single-cell RNA-seq from multiple studies and spatial transcriptomics data from 12 human specimens, with different stages of atherosclerosis. We show cell-type and atherosclerosis-specific expression changes and spatially constrained alterations in cell-cell communication.</p>
Role of species richness and human-impacts in resisting invasive species in tropical forests
<p>The biotic resistance hypothesis suggests that biodiversity rich areas should be resistant to biological invasions. Globally, conservationists use this hypothesis to protect diverse ecosystems. However, supporting data are often contradictory, possibly due to several confounding factors. Complexity in inferences increase in the tropics, which are sparsely studied.</p> <p>We hypothesize that human impacts, forest type and climate would modulate the relationship between native and invasive plant richness. To understand these interacting and varying effects of native richness and human disturbance on plant invasions, we sampled 354 grids of 25 km<sup>2</sup> with equal representation of protected areas and multi-use areas to record abundance of native and non-native plants from 34 protected areas across five forest types in tropical India. We used linear mixed effect models to investigate occurrence and abundance of invasive plants with respect to varying native richness, human impacts, forest types and climate.</p> <p>Human use of forests increased richness and abundance of invasive plants across all forest types. After accounting for human-use, native species richness of tropical wet forests had a negative relationship with invasive plants richness and abundance, while the relationship reversed with increasing aridity and temperature. Human infrastructure facilitated invasions within protected areas.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. The biotic resistance hypothesis explained a lower number of invasions within protected tropical wet forests but not within dry forests. Human-free protected areas had lower richness and abundance of invasive plants across all systems, especially in wet tropical forests. Our results support the contextual importance of the biotic resistance hypothesis, while stressing the importance of protected areas, insulated from human impacts, to preserve the integrity of vulnerable natural systems. </p>
Data and data analysis for "Human Preferences for the Visual Appearance of Desks: Examining the Role of Wooden Materials and Desk Designs"
<p>Data and data analysis for the article "Human Preferences for the Visual Appearance of Desks: Examining the Role of Wooden Materials and Desk Designs".</p>
Data for: Human activity coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active pipe of dissolved organic matter
<p>This dataset contains data from an investigation to resolve the relative importance of multiple environmental drivers on the quantity and quality of chromophoric DOM in lakes at the continental scales. The study is described in the paper: "Du Y., Chen F., Zhang Y., He H., Wen S., Huang X., Song C., Li. K., Wang J., Kellings D., and Lu Y. 2023. Human activity coupled with climate change strengthens the role of lakes as an active pipe of dissolved organic matter, Earth's Future, in press". </p> <p>The primary objectives of the study were to (i) quantity the magnitude of environmental drivers modulating lacustrine DOM quantity and quality at a continental scale, including climate, land cover, societal development, and water retention time, and (ii) unravel individual and interactive effects of the environmental drivers.</p> <p>Firstly, we constructed a structural equation model framework that incorporated both direct and indirect pathways.</p> <p>Secondly, we collected a continental-scale dataset of lake DOM quantity and quality, along with the corresponding environmental driver variables from a group of carefully selected lakes (n=182).</p> <p>Lastly, we established structure equation models to analyze DOM quantity and quality variations as a function of the four environmental drivers.</p> <p>The main results include: (1) land cover and societal development both exhibit positive direct effects on lake CDOM quantity, highlighting the significant role of well-vegetated soils and anthropogenic activities as sources of lake DOM on a continental scale. (2) Climate has two strong but opposite effects –a warming and wet climate facilitates soil OM production and export but also enhances CDOM in-lake transformation. (3) Three proxies are proposed as indicators of the magnitude of biogeochemical drivers influencing lake DOM across ecoclimatic zones, including fluorescent DOM/DOC indicating economic activity, percentages of a degraded fluorescent DOM component indicating solar irradiation, and percent tyrosine-like DOM reflecting DOM processing time within the watershed and lake.</p>
The Role of Orexin in Human Panic Disorder
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02593682. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 41.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.