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543 results for “roles and responsibilities”
IPBES Data Management Tutorials - Session 2.3: Roles and responsibilities
<p>The <em>IPBES data management tutorials</em> are short videos to help experts implement the IPBES data and knowledge management policy. They cover topics ranging from data and knowledge management policy, reports, active research data, tools, and examples.</p> <p>The <em>IPBES data management Policy </em>chapter provides an introduction of the IPBES data management policy. It discusses why IPBES has a data management policy and who is responsible for what in the implementation and further development of this policy. </p> <p>This session on <em>roles and responsibilities </em>outlines the responsibilities of all involved players as stipulated in the IPBES data management policy. These are discussed in light of the importance for IPBES experts.</p> <p>Following version 2.0 of the data and knowledge management policy, a new PDF supplement has been added which covers the roles and responsibilities of the task force and technical support unit on Indigenous and local knowledge. </p>
Dataset for: Wood et al Role of sea surface temperature patterns for the Southern hemisphere jet stream response to CO2 forcing
<p>This is a dataset of output from version 4 of the Reading Intermediate Global Circulation Model (IGCM4) that was used in the article Wood et al (2020) 'Role of sea surface temperature patterns for the Southern hemisphere jet stream response to CO2 forcing' published in Environmental Research Letters (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abce27">https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/abce27</a>).</p> <p>To isolate the role of sea surface temperature (SST) patterns for the Southern Hemisphere circulation response in the abrupt-4xCO2 experiments in CMIP5 and CMIP6, we perform experiments using IGCM4.</p> <p>Five 120-year long simulations were performed following a 5-year spin-up period. In the control simulation (CTRL) we prescribe an annually repeating cycle of climatological monthly mean SSTs using the multi-model mean (MMM) of the ‘ts’ field for the first 200 years of the CMIP5 piControl simulations. Following the CMIP6 protocol (Eyring et al., 2016), greenhouse gas (CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and N<sub>2</sub>O) concentrations are set at preindustrial (year 1850) values and ozone is prescribed as a zonally averaged monthly mean preindustrial climatology.</p> <p>In two perturbation simulations (4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP5</sub> and 4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP6</sub>) the same boundary conditions are used as in CTRL, but with an annually repeating cycle of climatological monthly mean SST anomalies added using the MMM ‘ts’ field for either the CMIP5 or CMIP6 FAST (years 4-10) responses. In both the 4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP5</sub> and 4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP6</sub> simulations CO<sub>2</sub> is quadrupled from its preindustrial concentration. This enables a like-for-like comparison with the CMIP5 and CMIP6 abrupt-4xCO2 simulations. Two further perturbation simulations (SHET-only<sub>CMIP5</sub> and SHET-only<sub>CMIP6</sub>) are used to isolate the effect of differences in SH extratropical SST patterns alone. In both simulations CO<sub>2</sub> is kept at preindustrial values, and CTRL SSTs are used with the SST anomalies from either 4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP5</sub> or 4xCO2-FULL<sub>CMIP6</sub> added poleward of 18°S. Similarly to McCrystall et al. (2020), the SST anomalies are smoothed between 18°S and 29°S using a cosine squared weighting function with weights of 0 at 18°S and 1 at 29°S. This minimizes sharp gradients in SST across the tropical-extratropical boundary.</p> <p>To enable a clean determination of the effects of SST patterns alone, in all perturbation simulations we keep sea ice fixed at preindustrial values by only adding SST anomalies where the MMM sea ice concentration in the CMIP5 piControl simulations is less than 15% (i.e., equatorward of the sea ice edge). Furthermore, to remove the effect of differences in the change in global mean SST, the SST anomalies in each CMIP model are normalised by the respective global mean SST anomaly and then scaled to a global mean value of 2.2 K (the pooled MMM of CMIP5 and CMIP6). The CMIP6 FAST SST anomalies are added to the CMIP5 preindustrial control SSTs, so as to isolate the effect of differences in the fast SST responses between CMIP5 and CMIP6, and not the effect of differences in the base state.</p>
Roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in the RDM lifecycle
<p>In efforts to better articulate the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders (not exhaustive) involved in data management and stewardship throughout the research data management (RDM) lifecycle, this infographic was developed as part of RDM training. The infographic is an integrative adaptation of the Data Asset Framework Implementation Guide (JISC et al., 2009, page 3) and Research Data Governance & Materials Handling Policy (UNSW, 2019, page 10).</p>
The role of down-slope water and nutrient fluxes in the response of Arctic hill slopes to climate change, output from MBLGEMIII for typical tussock-tundra hill slope near Toolik Field Station, Alaska.
Output data sets of the MBL-GEM III model for a typical tussock-tundra hill slope. The model is described in two papers: Le Dizès, S., Kwiatkowski B.L., Rastetter E.B., Hope A., Hobbie J.E., Stow D., Daeschner S., 2003 Modelling biogeochemical responses of tundra ecosystems to temporal and spatial variations in climate in the Kuparuk River Basin (Alaska), Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 108 No. D2 10.1029/2001JD000960. Rastetter, E.B., B. L. Kwiatkowski, S. Le Dizès, and J.E. Hobbie. 2004. The Role of Down-Slope Water and Nutrient Fluxes in the Response of Arctic Hill Slopes to Climate Change. Biogeochemistry 69:37-62.
The role of fire in the carbon dynamics of the boreal forest I. - Response of area burned to changing climate in western boreal North America using a Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) approach (2003-2100).
The boreal forest contains large reserves of carbon, and across this region wildfire is a common occurrence. To improve the understanding of how wildfire influences the carbon dynamics of this region, methods were developed to incorporate the spatial and temporal effects of fire into the Terrestrial ecosystem Model (TEM). The historical role of fire on carbon dynamics of the boreal region was evaluated within the context of ecosystem responses to changing atmospheric CO2 and climate. These results show that the role of historical fire on boreal carbon dynamics resulted in a net carbon sink; however, fire plays a major role in the interannual and decadal scale variation of source/sink relationships. To estimate the effects of future fire on boreal carbondynamics, spatially and temporally explicit empirical relationships between climate andfire were quantified. Fuel moisture, monthly severity rating, and air temperature explained a significant proportion of observed variability in annual area burned. These relationships were used to estimate annual area burned for future scenarios of climate change and were coupled to TEM to evaluate the role of future fire on the carbon dynamics of the North American boreal region for the 21st Century. Simulations with TEM indicate that boreal North America is a carbon sink in response to CO2 fertilization, climate variability, and fire, but an increase in fire leads to a decrease in the sink strength. While this study highlights the importance of fire on carbon dynamics in the boreal region, there are uncertainties in the effects of fire in TEM simulations. These uncertainties are associated with sparse fire data for northern Eurasia, uncertainty in estimating carbon consumption, and difficulty in verifying assumptions about the representation of fires that occurred prior to the start of the historical fire record. Future studies should incorporate the role of dynamic vegetation to more accurately represent post-fire successional pr
Genome editing of LKB1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 in lung cancer cells and evaluation of its role in metformin and cisplatin response.
<pre>LKB1 is an important upstream inhibitor of the mTOR/S6Ks pathway. Loss of LKB1 is often associated with cancer, including in A549 lung cancer cell line, boosting the transformation of pre-malignant neoplasic cells. Metformin, a natural compound derived from Galega officinalis, is mainly used as a treatment for diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), but recently, it has been associated to lower incidence of cancer. One of the main mechanisms is by activation of AMPK through different pathways, including LKB1 activation. Activation of AMPK inhibits the mTOR pathway, protein synthesis and thus cell growth. The combination of metformin and cisplatin, a main chemothepeutic drug for lung cancer, has shown to improve treatment of cancer cells to cisplatin and also to hinder the cisplatin associated resistance common in lung cancer. Here we aim to use the CRISPR/Cas9 technology to correct the mutation presented in A549 lung cancer cells and improve their response to metformin or to the combination between metformin and cisplatin. Besides, we will assess the mTOR signaling pathway status, as well as cell growth, proliferation, cell cycle and sensitivity to apoptosis induction by cisplatin. This project may be useful as a proof of principle that in the future therapies must consider the genomic background of cancer cells before administration of a specific anticancer drug.<br><br></pre>
Рис. 5. ΔенΑрограмма меры разброса значений ΑΛя показатеΛей вΛияния опушенности и тоΛщины Λистовой пΛастинки картофеΛя на прожорΛивость Λичинок картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 5. Dendrogram representing the value scatter for the influence of pubescence and thickness of the potato leaf blade on the voracity of potato ladybug larvae in Role of potato immune factors in the trophic responses of Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata Motschulsky, 1858
Рис. 5. ΔенΑрограмма меры разброса значений ΑΛя показатеΛей вΛияния опушенности и тоΛщины Λистовой пΛастинки картофеΛя на прожорΛивость Λичинок картофеΛьной коровки Fig. 5. Dendrogram representing the value scatter for the influence of pubescence and thickness of the potato leaf blade on the voracity of potato ladybug larvae
Resources for "BMF CP 97: The roles of health information-seeking ability and e-health literacy in illness response capability and health checkup frequency"
<p><span>The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions:</span></p> <ul> <li><span>How are health information-seeking ability and e-health literacy associated with illness response capability?</span></li> <li><span>How are health information-seeking ability and e-health literacy associated with the frequency of health checkups?</span></li> </ul>
Brown and white layer pullet hybrids show different fear responses towards humans, but what role does light during incubation play in that?
<p>Good early life conditions are increasingly recognized as essential to animal welfare later in life. The use of light during incubation might improve coping capacities and welfare in later life in poultry, by more closely approximating chicken natural environments compared to the current conventional incubation in darkness. Previous studies showed that lighted incubation resulted in more lateralized chicks, a more pronounced daily behavior rhythm, earlier onset of melatonin rhythms, and lower stress reactions to various stressors after hatching. Most existing research, however, has been conducted on broilers, and little information on lighted incubation is available for laying hens. In the current research, Dekalb White and ISA Brown eggs were incubated in complete darkness or in a cycle of green 12L:12D throughout incubation, and five fear of human tests were performed on the 387 chickens during the rearing phase. We expected dark-incubated chickens to show stronger fear responses than light-incubated chickens. That was only the case for one of 15 behavior measurements taken during the tests (<em>p</em> < 0.05). In addition, white layer hybrids are known to be flightier and more fearful than brown hybrids. In this study, white chickens indeed showed stronger fear responses than brown chickens in 12 of the 15 behavior measurements (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.002). Furthermore, we expected light during incubation to have stronger effects on white chickens than on brown chickens, because of the stronger transmission of light through white eggshells. However, the interaction between hybrid and incubation was never significant (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.18). Finally, contrary to our expectations, there was no effect of the incubation treatments or the hybrid on plasma corticosterone responses to a manual restraint test (<em>p</em> ≥ 0.36). Since there was a hybrid effect on behavior in this test, it is reasonable to think that behavior reflected coping style, rather than fear level. To conclude, the light regime used in this study does not seem as promising as expected to improve laying hen welfare. Finally, the brown hybrid was usually less fearful than the white hybrid, though there were some exceptions depending on the stressor, and that should be taken into account in research and in laying hen management.</p>
No evidence for a role of trills in male response to territorial intrusion in a complex singer, the Thrush Nightingale
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Replication File for Paper "The Role of Time, Weather and Google Trends in Understanding and Predicting Web Survey Response"
<p>This updated zip file contains the necessary codes and data files to reproduce all the findings presented in the accepted manuscript "The Role of Time, Weather and Google Trends in Understanding and Predicting Web Survey Response" by Qixiang Fang, Joep Burger, Ralph Meijers and Kees van Berkel. </p> <p>Compared with the last one, this new version provides more instructions in the README.txt files and indicates the exact versions of R, R studio and the R packages used.</p>
Data from: Nitrogen cycling and export in California chaparral: the role of climate in shaping ecosystem responses to fire
Climate change models predict that interannual rainfall variability will increase in California over the next several decades; these changes will likely influence how frequently California ecosystems burn and how they respond to fire. Fires uncouple N mobilization from uptake by destroying plant biomass and increasing nitrification. Following fire, autumn and winter rains can leach N into streams from slopes that have been denuded. The amount of N exported depends on how rapidly soil microbes metabolize it into mobile forms such as NO3-, and the rate that recovering plants take up available N. However, the long-term effects of a changing climate on postfire N dynamics remain unknown. We used the ecohydrologic model RHESSys (regional hydro-ecologic simulation system) to evaluate how interannual climate variability may affect the magnitude of N mineralization, nitrification, N export, and plant recovery following fire. N export was highest when fire was followed by drought; even though there was less water moving through the system, dry conditions prolonged the period during which N mobilization was decoupled from plant uptake. We also found that the effects of drought on N export were magnified in stands dominated by obligate seeders, which initially recovered more slowly than resprouters. These findings suggest that climate may regulate N balance most powerfully by influencing how quickly plants "turn on" and begin to immobilize N.
Data from: Genetic responsiveness of African buffalo to environmental stressors: a role for epigenetics in balancing autosomal and sex chromosome interactions?
In the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) population of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) a primary sex-ratio distorter and a primary sex-ratio suppressor have been shown to occur on the Y chromosome. A subsequent autosomal microsatellite study indicated that two types of deleterious alleles with a negative effect on male body condition, but a positive effect on relative fitness when averaged across sexes and generations, occur genome-wide and at high frequencies in the same population. One type negatively affects body condition of both sexes, while the other acts antagonistically: it negatively affects male but positively affects female body condition. Here we show that high frequencies of male-deleterious alleles are attributable to Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair activity and that these alleles are suppressed in individuals born after three dry pre-birth years, likely through epigenetic modification. Epigenetic suppression was indicated by statistical interactions between pre-birth rainfall, a proxy for parental body condition, and the phenotypic effect of homozygosity/heterozygosity status of microsatellites linked to male-deleterious alleles, while a role for the Y-chromosomal distorter-suppressor pair was indicated by between-sex genetic differences among pre-dispersal calves. We argue that suppression of male-deleterious alleles results in negative frequency-dependent selection of the Y distorter and suppressor; a prerequisite for a stable polymorphism of the Y distorter-suppressor pair. The Y distorter seems to be responsible for positive selection of male-deleterious alleles during resource-rich periods and the Y suppressor for positive selection of these alleles during resource-poor periods. Male-deleterious alleles were also associated with susceptibility to bovine tuberculosis, indicating that Kruger buffalo are sensitive to stressors such as diseases and droughts. We anticipate that future genetic studies on African buffalo will provide important new insights into gene fitness and epigenetic modification in the context of sex-ratio distortion and infectious disease dynamics.
DCC RDM 2014 Survey Responses by Respondent's Role
<p>Responses analysed according to the respondents self-identified affiliation to service unit, e.g. Library, Research office, IT</p>
The role of bottom friction in mediating the response of the Weddell Gyre circulation to changes in surface stress and buoyancy fluxes
<p>This repository contains code to reproduce the figures in the paper titled "The role of bottom friction in mediating the response of the Weddell Gyre circulation to changes in surface stress and buoyancy fluxes" published in the Journal of Physical Oceanography (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0165.1">https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0165.1</a>), as well as the barotropic vorticity budget terms for each of simulation in the paper.</p>
Distinct and essential roles of bZIP transcription factors in stress response and pathogenesis in Alternaria alternata
<p>The ability to cope with environmental abiotic stress and biotic stress is crucial for the survival of plants and microorganisms, which enable them to occupy multiple niches in the environment. Previous studies have shown that transcription factors play crucial roles in regulating various biological processes including multiple stress tolerance and response in eukaryotes. This work identified multiple critical transcription factor genes, metabolic pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms related to abiotic stress response were broadly activated by analyzing the transcriptome of phytopathogenic fungus Alternaria alternata un- der metal ions stresses, oxidative stress, salt stresses, and host-pathogen interaction. We determined the biological functions and regulatory roles of the bZIP transcriptional factor (TF) genes in the phytopathogenic fungus A. alternata by analyzing targeted gene deletion mutants. Morphological analysis provides evidence that bZIPs including Gcn4, MeaB, Atf1, Hac1 and Ada1 are required for morphogenesis as the colony morphology of these gene deletion mutants was significantly different from that of the wild-type. In addition, bZIPs are involved in the resistance to multiple stresses such as oxidative stress (Ada1, Yap1, MetR) and virulence (Hac1, MetR, Yap1, Ada1) at varying degrees. Transcriptome data demonstrated that the inactivation of bZIPs (Hac1, Atf1, Ada1 and Yap1) significantly affected many genes in multiple critical metabolism pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms. Moreover, the ΔHac1 mutants displayed reduced aerial hypha and are hypersensitivity to endoplasmic reticulum disruptors such as tunicamycin and dithiothreitol. Transcriptome analysis showed that inactivation of Hac1 significantly affected the proteasome process and its downstream unfolded protein binding, indicating that Hac1 participates in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response through the conserved unfolded protein response. Taken together, our findings identified many crucial transcription factor genes and pathways related to cell development, abiotic stress response and pathogenesis, and expand our understanding of how microbial pathogens utilize these genes to deal with environmental stresses and achieve successful infection in the host plant.</p>
Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Sustainability: The Moderating Role of Top Management Commitment
<table align="center"> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p><strong>Design/Methodology/Approach:</strong> We used the non-probability sampling technique by employing convenience sampling for data collection. By employing a survey questionnaire, data were collected from 397 employees of SMEs in Ghana. The IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25.0 and IBM's Analysis of Moments of Structures (AMOS) version 24 software packages were employed as analytical tools in this investigation.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Role of Alkylhydroperoxidase Rv2159c in the Oxidative Stress Response and Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
<p><em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em>, which causes tuberculosis, is one of the leading infectious agents worldwide with a high rate of mortality. Following aerosol inhalation, <em>M. tuberculosis</em> primarily infects the alveolar macrophages, which results in a host immune response that gradually activates various antimicrobial mechanisms, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), within the phagocytes to neutralize the bacteria. <em>OxyR</em> is the master regulator of oxidative stress response in several bacterial species. However, due to the absence of a functional <em>oxyR </em>locus in <em>M. tuberculosis,</em> the peroxidase stress is controlled by alkylhydroperoxidases. <em>M. tuberculosis </em>expresses alkylhydroperoxide reductase to counteract the toxic effects of ROS. In the current study, we report the functional characterization of an ortholgue of alkylhydroperoxidase family member, Rv2159c, a conserved protein with putative peroxidase activity, during stress response and virulence of <em>M. tuberculosis</em><em>. </em>We generated a gene knockout mutant of <em>M. tuberculosis </em>Rv2159c (MtbΔ2159) by specialized transduction. The MtbΔ2159 was sensitive to oxidative stress and exposure to toxic transition metals. In a human monocyte (THP-1) cell infection model, MtbΔ2159 showed reduced intracellular survival and increased expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, includingIL-1β, IP-10 and MIP-1α, compared to the wild type <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains. Similarly, in a guinea pig model of pulmonary infection, MtbΔ2159 displayed growth attenuation in the lungs, compared to the wild type <em>M. tuberculosis</em> and Rv2159c-complemented MtbΔ2159 strains<em>. </em>Our study suggests that Rv2159c has a significant role in maintaining the cellular homeostasis during stress and virulence of <em>M. tuberculosis</em>. </p>
Data and code from: Opposite, but insufficient, phenological responses to climate in two circumpolar seabirds: relative roles of phenotypic plasticity and selection
<p><span>The magnitude of climate change has been greatest in the Arctic, accelerating climate-induced shifts in phenology, but wildlife responses vary. Variation may be due to the relative importance of phenotypic plasticity or phenotypic selection.</span></p> <p><span>Here, we examine and contrast the environmental drivers of plasticity in breeding phenology of two circumpolar seabirds at their receding summer range limit using unique datasets of marked individuals </span><span>covering </span><span>25 and 30</span><span> years</span><span>. Based on prior knowledge of the local ecosystems, we predicted that climate would generate opposing patterns of plasticity in the two populations.</span></p> <p><span>Laying phenology of kittiwakes in the Gulf of Alaska was associated with a large-scale climate oscillation (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) while the Arctic-breeding murres adjusted </span><span>laying to sea-ice conditions. Kittiwakes laid earlier after experiencing colder climate about two years prior and laying dates did not advance over the study, but murres laid earlier when warmer climate led to earlier spring sea-ice break-up, and murre laying dates advanced by one week since 1990. Selection favoured earlier laying in both species.</span></p> <p><span>Both populations adjusted breeding phenology to environmental variation, but we anticipate opposing effects on phenology with continued climate change. Ice-constrained species can likely adapt to some extent because plasticity can provide the necessary shift to this physical barrier, although individuals were only able to adjust by ~one week while ice conditions advanced by over a month</span><span>. </span><span>In more temperate regions</span><span>,</span><span> where phenology is driven by bottom-up effects, plasticity and selection counteract one another leading to limited adaptability. We provide insights into the likely adjustments by Arctic marine animals to an increasingly warmer and ice-less summer.</span></p>
Data from: A causal role of anterior prefrontal-putamen circuit for response inhibition revealed by transcranial ultrasound stimulation in humans
<p>Stopping an inappropriate response requires the involvement of the prefrontal-subthalamic hyperdirect pathway. However, how the prefrontal-striatal indirect pathway contributes to stopping is poorly understood. In this study, transcranial ultrasound stimulation is used to perform interventions in a task-related region in the striatum. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reveals activation in the right anterior part of the putamen during response inhibition, and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior putamen, as well as the subthalamic nucleus, results in significant impairments in stopping performance. Diffusion imaging further reveals prominent structural connections between the anterior putamen and the right anterior part of the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), and ultrasound stimulation to the anterior IFC also shows significant impaired stopping performance. These results demonstrate that the right anterior putamen and right anterior IFC causally contribute to stopping and suggest that the anterior IFC-anterior putamen circuit in the indirect pathway serves as an essential route for stopping.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.