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16 results for “root biomass production”
Root Biomass, Fine Root Production, Soil Mass, and Soil pH in Limed and Control Plots at the Woods Lake Watershed, Adirondack Park, NY, USA, 2021-2022
In 1989, 6.89 Mg/ha of pelletized lime (CaCO3) was applied by helicopter to two subcatchments at the Woods Lake Watershed in Adirondack Park, New York, USA to ameliorate ecosystem acidification. Two unlimed (control) subcatchments were paired with limed subcatchments. In the same year, 99 permanent plots (20 m x 20 m) were established. Between 2008 and 2010, tree inventory and soil physicochemical measurements were made in five plots in each of the four subcatchments (20 plots total). This dataset contains soil physicochemical properties (dry mass, depth, and pH); root biomass (<1 mm, 1-2 mm, and >2 mm diameter); and annual fine root production (<1 mm and 1-2 mm) measurements made between 2021 and 2022 in 19 of these same plots (5 plots per control subcatchment and 4 or 5 plots per limed subcatchment). Data include measurements for all properties for Oe, Oa, and 0-10 cm mineral soil samples collected from 5 locations within each plot.
Patterns of root biomass, productivity, turnover, and decomposition in riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, immediate-post-Irma, 2018-2019, and post-Irma, 2023-2024
Mangrove root biomass, productivity, and decomposition in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) root zone were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6, SRS7) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b) mangrove sites during 2018-2019 and 2023-2024 following Hurricane Irma’s impacts in September 2017. Root biomass was estimated at all sites during both immediate-post-Irma (March 2018) and post-Irma (February-May 2023) periods with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). After collection, root cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color into biomass (live) and necromass (dead) components (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass and necromass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998) during both the immediate-post-Irma and post-Irma periods using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each
Root biomass, productivity, and turnover of riverine and scrub mangroves in the Everglades, Florida, USA, 2000-2006
Mangrove root biomass and productivity in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) and deeper (45-90 cm) root zones were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b, TS/Ph8) mangrove sites during 2000-2006. Root biomass was estimated at all sites using a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length). After collection, root cores from each zone were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color. Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each site, ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil and retrieved at one- and three-year intervals, and the subsequent root growth within the ingrowth core was used to estimate annual root production (g m-2 yr-1) in the shallow and deeper root zones across all mangrove sites. After collection, ingrowth cores were processed individually using the same protocol as for root biomass. Root turnover rate in the shallow root zone was calculated as root productivity divided by root biomass of each root size class at all site
Root biomass carbon and nitrogen: Old-Field Chronosequence: Plant Productivity
The goal of this research is to study the change in plant growth and species distribution during succession. Annual plant growth above ground is annually sampled in more than 20 fields from 4 permanently marked 3m x 4m plots in each field. These fields were previously cultivated, but then abandoned from agriculture at various times in the past. The fields were left undisturbed for plants to develop from seeds within the soil or brought into the fields by wind or animals. The fields included in this study are 4, 5, 10, 24, 26, 28, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 70, 72, 77 and the Lawrence strip that was abandoned in 1988. This experiment was started in 1987 by lead investigators David Tilman and Johannes Knops. In 2001 new sampling was started in positions similar to the E054 plots in these E014 fields: 21, 27, 32, 40, 44, 47, 76. Past work at CDR and elsewhere has demonstrated an overriding influence of fire frequency in maintaining prairie openings and oak savanna at the prairie-forest border. Fire regimes harm some types of species while favoring others and drive light and nutrient dynamics, which in turn drive community functional attributes and diversity levels. Ultimately, fire frequency interacts with climate, N deposition, land use, and biotic invasion to determine the outcomes of tree-grass interactions and the dynamics of vegetation at ecotones such as the prairie-forest border in Minnesota. In 2006 each field was divided in half, and one half randomly chosen for periodic prescribed burning (a fire every other year). We anticipate that the burned half will continue succession to prairie grassland while the unburned half will become white pine stands if seed sources are nearby, or will otherwise undergo extremely slow succession to oaks.
Patterns of root biomass, productivity, and turnover in riverine and scrub mangroves post-Hurricane Wilma in the Everglades, Florida, USA, 2012-2013
Mangrove root biomass, productivity, and turnover in the shallow (0-45 cm depth) root zone were estimated at Florida Coastal Everglades Long Term Ecological Research (FCE-LTER) Program Shark River (SRS4, SRS5, SRS6) and Taylor River (TS/Ph6b, TS/Ph7b) mangrove sites during 2012-2013 following Hurricane Wilma’s impacts in October 2005. Root biomass was estimated at all sites in May 2012 with a PVC coring device (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). After collection, root cores were processed individually and initially rinsed with water through a 1-mm screen mesh to remove soil particles. Live roots were separated manually based on their buoyancy, turgor, and color (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011; Cormier et al. 2015; Medina-Calderon et al. 2021). Live roots were further sorted into three size diameter classes including fine (<2 mm), small (2-5 mm), and coarse (5-20 mm). Roots greater than 20 mm in diameter were not included in this study due to sampling limitations (i.e., core area). All root samples were oven-dried at 60°C to a constant mass and weighed to estimate root biomass (g m-2). Root productivity was estimated with the ingrowth core technique (Vogt et al., 1998) using the same sampling protocol previously published for the study area (Castañeda-Moya et al. 2011). Ingrowth cores (10.2 cm diameter x 45 cm length) were made of synthetic material (3 mm mesh) and filled with root-free commercial sphagnum peat moss. This material has similar soil properties (i.e., bulk density, organic matter content, total C and N) as mangrove peat in our study sites. Ingrowth cores were installed in each of the cored holes formed during sampling of root biomass. At each site, ingrowth cores were deployed vertically into the soil to a depth of 45 cm and retrieved one year later (June 2013). Root growth within the ingrowth core was used to estimate annual root production (g m-2 yr-1) in
Data from: The effect of drainage on the fine root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old-growth forests on organic soils
<p>Information on the capacity of organic soils to capture and store carbon in old-growth forests in the hemiboreal forest zone is scarce and fragmented. However, fine root data can provide valuable insights into soil carbon fluxes. Thus, the aim of the current study was to provide estimates of the fine root biomass (FRB), fine root production (FRP), and fine root turnover (FRT) rate by tree species and other functional groups in old-growth (stand age 131–179 years) forests on mesotrophic organic soils dominated by Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), with (drained mesotrophic organic soil) and without (undrained mesotrophic organic soil) the effects of forest drainage. The sequential soil coring method was used to estimate the FRB and FRP. The total FRB (sum of the FRB of all functional groups) was significantly higher in the undrained sites (6.8±0.3 t ha 1) than in the drained sites (3.97±0.1 t ha 1). The FRB of Scots pine in the undrained forest was significantly higher (1.7±0.1 t ha 1) than in the drained forest (0.5±0.1 t ha 1), supporting an extensive foraging strategy. The significantly higher mean FRB of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) (1.4±0.1 t ha 1) in the drained sites than the undrained sites (0.7±0.2 t ha-1) can be explained by there being a higher proportion of spruce in the stand compositions, thus a higher standing volume (cubic meters per hectare) of this species and an increased FRB. The FRB of dwarf shrubs (2.43±0.2 t ha-1) formed the largest part of the total FRB in the undrained sites and the second largest (1.16±0.1 t ha-1), following Norway spruce, in the drained sites. The total FRP was similar between the undrained (2.05±0.31 t ha-1 yr-1) and drained (1.82±0.26 t ha-1 yr-1) stands. However, considerable variability in the FRP was observed between different sites of the same forest site type. The FRT rate of Scots pine was twice as high in the drained sites than the undrained sites, suggesting faster nutrient and carbon input into the drained soil compared to the undrained soil. Estimates of FRB, FRP, and FRT rate for different functional groups can be used in carbon-cycle modeling and in further calculations to estimate the carbon budget (balance) in forests on organic soils.</p>
Fine-root biomass production, sedge root, sedge leaf, and moss shoot decomposition, soil water-table level, and temperature data from two sedge fens in Finland
<p>Dataset including fine-root biomass production, mass loss of sedge (<em>Carex rostrata</em>) roots and leaves, and moss (<em>Sphagnum</em> <em>fallax</em>) shoots, along with environmental data (soil water-table level, air temperature, soil temperature at 5 cm, and soil temperature at 15 cm) from two sedge fens located in southern Finland (Lakkasuo, Orivesi, 61°48' N 24°19'E) and northern Finland (Lompolojänkkä, Kittilä, 68°N 24°12'E). Data are from a climate change experiment, where warming was induced with open top chambers (OTCs) and drying with shallow ditching. Data are from years 2011-2013.</p>
Data from: The effect of drainage on the fine root biomass, production, and turnover in hemiboreal old-growth forests on organic soils
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Data from: Plant diversity loss has limited effects on belowground biomass and traits but alters community short-term root production in a species-rich grassland
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Vascular Root Biomass and Production at Two Depths in an Alberta Poor Fen Subjected to Increasing Nitrogen Deposition, 2014-2015
Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2014-2015, we examined the effects of N addition on root production by measuring root biomass at two depths and root production over one and two years. Root biomass, measured in 2014, increased with increasing N addition in the 0-15 and 15-30 cm depth increments. Root production increased with increasing N addition in the 0-15 cm, but not the 15-30 cm depth increment; annual root production in the 0-15 cm depth increment was higher when ingrowth bags remained in the peat for two growing seasons, compared to first-year root production. As a result, over the top 30 cm, annual root production was greater when ingrowth bags were in the peat for two growing seasons. We expected a threshold N addition level associated with stimulation of root production but found no evidence of such a threshold at Mariana Lake Poor Fen. Given the rather consistent finding increasing N deposition stimulates aboveground vascular plant biomass and production, and our results that root biomass and production at Mariana Lakes Bog are stimulated as well, further work on belowground responses seems warranted.
Root Ingrowth Biomass:Biodiversity: A field test of biofuel production and ground-water quality
Bioenergy could be an important part of the solution to the projected climate problems of the future, and in addition could provide auxiliary ecological services. The project described here aims to parameterize expected benefits of diverse prairie biofuel plantations for groundwater quality, and also to further evaluate its biofuel potential. This project, done in cooperation with the USGS, grows out of purely scientific discoveries in other Cedar Creek experiments. We know that diverse prairie systems are better able to retain inorganic nitrogen than monoculture systems (e.g., Dijkstra etal. 2007). However, nitrogen is just one pollutant of many being delivered to surface-water and ground-water from agricultural systems. There are a number of others including phosphorus, pesticides, and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This fact combined with the rising demand for corn grain ethanol could lead to further declines in the water quality of agricultural regions in the United States. Perennial vegetative buffers, in particular diverse prairies and/or hay (CRP), are proposed solutions. The vegetation in such buffers can be used for biofuel and simultaneously appear to be attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. This 3-year cooperative USGS and UMN study will (1) examine the ability of prairies and hay (CRP) to attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds to ground-water (2) compare biofuel production of four cropping systems: diverse prairie, hay (CRP), corn grown with chemical fertilizer, and corn grown with a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer, (3) provide for future investigations into microbial antibiotic resistance and (4) provide a better understanding of the unsaturated zone hydrology and shallow groundwater recharge at Cedar Creek. The project will take place in the E120 field.
Root harvest biomass:Biodiversity: A field test of biofuel production and ground-water quality
Bioenergy could be an important part of the solution to the projected climate problems of the future, and in addition could provide auxiliary ecological services. The project described here aims to parameterize expected benefits of diverse prairie biofuel plantations for groundwater quality, and also to further evaluate its biofuel potential. This project, done in cooperation with the USGS, grows out of purely scientific discoveries in other Cedar Creek experiments. We know that diverse prairie systems are better able to retain inorganic nitrogen than monoculture systems (e.g., Dijkstra etal. 2007). However, nitrogen is just one pollutant of many being delivered to surface-water and ground-water from agricultural systems. There are a number of others including phosphorus, pesticides, and veterinary pharmaceuticals. This fact combined with the rising demand for corn grain ethanol could lead to further declines in the water quality of agricultural regions in the United States. Perennial vegetative buffers, in particular diverse prairies and/or hay (CRP), are proposed solutions. The vegetation in such buffers can be used for biofuel and simultaneously appear to be attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds through the unsaturated zone to groundwater. This 3-year cooperative USGS and UMN study will (1) examine the ability of prairies and hay (CRP) to attenuate leaching of agricultural compounds to ground-water (2) compare biofuel production of four cropping systems: diverse prairie, hay (CRP), corn grown with chemical fertilizer, and corn grown with a combination of manure and chemical fertilizer, (3) provide for future investigations into microbial antibiotic resistance and (4) provide a better understanding of the unsaturated zone hydrology and shallow groundwater recharge at Cedar Creek. The project will take place in the E120 field.
Data from: Impacts of mixed-grazing on root biomass and belowground net primary production in a temperate desert steppe
The impacts of large herbivores on plant communities differ depending on the plants and the herbivores. Few studies have explored how herbivores influence root biomass. Root growth of vegetation was studied in the field with four treatments: sheep grazing alone (SG), cattle grazing alone (CG), mixed grazing with cattle and sheep (MG) and no grazing (CK). Live and total root biomasses were measured using the root ingrowth core and the drilling core, respectively. After 2 years of grazing, total root biomass showed a decreasing trend while live root biomass increased with time during the growing seasons. Belowground net primary production (BNPP) among the treatments varied from 166±32 to 501±88 g.m-2 and root turnover rates (RTR) varied from 0.25±0.05 to 0.70±0.11 year-1. SG had the greatest BNPP and RTR, while the CG had the smallest BNPP and RTR. BNPP and RTR of the MG treatment were between those of the CG and SG treatments. BNPP and RTR of the CK were similar to MG treatment. Compared with other treatments, CG had a greater impact on dominant tall grasses species in communities. SG could decrease community diversity. MG eliminated the disadvantages of single-species grazing and was beneficial to community diversity and stability.
Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
Many old-growth lowland tropical rain forests are potentially nutrient limited, and it has long been thought that many such forests maintain growth by recycling nutrients from decomposing litter. We investigated this by continuously removing (for ten years) freshly fallen litter from five (45 m x 45 m) plots, adding it to five other plots, there were five controls. From monthly measures over one year we show that litter removal caused lower: fine root (≤2 mm diameter) standing mass, fine root standing length, fine root length production and fine root length survivorship. Litter addition did not significantly change fine root mass or length or production. Nutrient concentrations in fine roots in litter removal plots were lower than those in controls for nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), concentrations in fine roots in litter addition plots were higher for N and Ca. Chronic litter removal has resulted in reduced forest growth due to lack of nutrients, probably nitrogen. Conversely, long-term litter addition has had fewer effects.
Data from: Impacts of mixed-grazing on root biomass and belowground net primary production in a temperate desert steppe
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Data from: Litter removal in a tropical rain forest reduces fine root biomass and production but litter addition has few effects
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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