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109 results for “root development”
The LAVA mutants defective in auxin-regulated primary or lateral root development.
<p><span>Regulation of PIN activity, polarity as well as auxin gradient generation and its canalisation remain crucial topics in plant developmental biology especially in the context of organogenesis like the formation new lateral roots. Here, we are presenting the LAVA (LR Alterations Visualised after Auxin) collection of 278 mutants, defective in auxin-induced lateral root (LR) morphogenesis. Those mutants were obtained from a forward genetic screen in which synthetic auxin 1-Naphtyl Acetic Acid (1-NAA) was used to induce LR formation in the mutagenized PIN3::PIN3-GFP population. Our database contains mutant root phenotyping and for a subset of the collection, we recorded PIN polarity and subcellular trafficking, cotyledon vasculature development, primary and LR gravitropism as well as aerial phenotypes with some reminiscent to auxin-regulated organogenesis aberrations. We are convinced that our dataset can serve as a unique tool to identify novel components of auxin signalling, transport, and cell polarity but also be of interest to the broader plant research community interested in the roots system architecture that is vital for plant survival, growth and adaptation to environmental conditions.</span></p> <p><span>The phenotype analysis of the mutant collection is summarized and organised in an Excel spreadsheet (2024-08-07_mutant_database_Table S1). The photographic material is organised in folder form (see Supporting Data S1 in this repository), where each folder number corresponds to a particular mutant and entry in the excel table.</span></p> <p><span> Mutant seeds will be available in the European Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC). The seed sending to the repository is in progress. </span></p> <p><span>The manuscript describing this work is currently being submitted to the research journal. Its version will be available on the open access Masaryk University repository.</span></p>
Phloem anatomy constraints root system architecture development: theoretical clues from in silico experiments [software and dataset]
<p>Simulation software and results for "<strong>Phloem anatomy constraints root system architecture development: theoretical clues from in silico experiments</strong>"</p>
Data from: Shift from an extensive to an intensive root nutrient-acquisition mode with stand development of three Pinus species
<p>Plant roots employ diverse strategies to acquire soil nutrients, including direct nutrient uptake through absorptive fine roots and root hairs, scavenging nutrients by forming symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi, and mining nutrients by releasing root exudates. However, whether these three strategies are differently coordinated among phylogenetically closely-related tree species and how this coordination shifts with stand development remains largely unclear. To fill these knowledge gaps, we measured 13 root morphological, architectural, physiological and mycorrhizal traits tightly related to nutrient-acquisition of three <em>Pinus</em> species (<em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em>, <em>P. densiflora</em> and <em>P. tabuliformis</em>) at young (20-year-old) and mature (50-year-old) stages planted in nutrient-impoverished sandy soils, in Northeast China. We found that young trees had thinner absorptive fine roots and a higher specific root length than mature trees across three <em>Pinus</em> species, indicating that roots become morphologically less efficient in "do it yourself" scavenging nutrients during stand development. Moreover, young stands had greater root length density and root area index, and mature stands had faster root-exudation rates, suggesting that young stands rely more on expanding soil volumes to scavenge nutrients and mature stands depend more on root exudation to 'mine' nutrients. The three <em>Pinus</em> species exhibited different nutrient-acquisition strategies at the mature stage; <em>P. densiflora</em> had higher root length density and root area index, and the other two <em>Pinus</em> species had greater ectomycorrhizal colonization rates.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. Our findings highlight that phylogenetically closely-related tree species may exhibit different nutrient-acquisition strategies, and suggest a shift from an extensive nutrient-acquisition mode depending more on absorptive fine roots to an intensive nutrient-acquisition mode relying more on root exudation during stand development.</p>
Lateral Root Development in Two Tomato Accessions under Salt Stress
<p>The images of growing tomato seedlings were collected using SPIRO setup by Maryam Rahmati-Ishka every 30 minutes. However, as our automated script did not work for quantifying the lateral roots, Magda Julkowska traced the roots manually - for images collected every 60 minutes. </p> <p>The data was collected over 4 experiments, for two tomato genotypes: M248 - S. pimpinellifolium - wild tomato - salt tolerant - maintains the LR emergence under salt stress; and LA1511 - S. lycopersicum - cultivated tomato - salt tolerant - maintains the LR elongation under salt stress. </p>
Data from: Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development
<p><span>Legume crop production has many benefits for agricultural systems. Through the rhizodeposition process, they release a significant amount of C and N into the soil, increasing soil organic C and reducing the use of N fertilizer. Rhizodeposition is known as a dynamic process influenced by many factors. </span></p> <p><span>The aim of this study was to study the contribution of root exudation and root senescence to the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N during vegetative and reproductive growth in annual and perennial legumes and to understand how this is linked to the fixation capacities of C and N and root functional traits.</span></p> <p><span>An original approach that combined <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> labeling and the <sup>15</sup>N dilution method was developed to measure the rhizodeposition of atmospheric C and N throughout plant growth by two annual grain legumes (pea and faba bean) and two perennial forage legumes (white and crimson clovers).</span></p> <p><span>C rhizodeposition was found to increase proportionally with N rhizodeposition during reproductive development and the differences observed between species were related to the C and N fixation abilities. The use of root traits such as specific root length, root tissue density, and root dry matter content suggests a strong contribution of root exudation to C rhizodeposition at vegetative growth and a strong contribution of root senescence to both C and N rhizodeposition during reproductive growth.</span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis:</strong></em> Both C and N rhizodeposition appeared to be controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development. </span></p>
Data from: Sorghum bicolor TX08001 nodal root tissue development gene expression profiling
<div class="page"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Bioenergy sorghum's large nodal root system enables deposition of soil organic carbon deep in soil profiles aiding production of low carbon intensity biofuels from this crop. During bioenergy sorghum's long growing season, plants produce ~175 nodal roots In review bearing lateral roots that take up water and nutrients from >2 m deep in soil profiles, and aerial roots that support a complex phyllosphere. In the current study, nodal root bud development, a slow process spanning ~40 days, was characterized using microscopy and transcriptome analysis. A first ring of 10-15 nodal root buds was initiated in the stem pulvinus of phytomer 7 near sub-epidermal vascular bundles. A second ring of buds formed above the first ring much later in phytomer development. Nascent nodal root buds from phytomer 7 exhibited relatively high expression of pericycle marker genes (PFA) and genes involved in auxin transport (ABCB19, PIN4, LAX2), cytokinin signaling (TSO, MYB3R1), and cell proliferation (CYCB2;4, CDKB2;1, REM1).</p> <p>Following initiation, expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and cytokinin-signaling decreased while expression of genes involved in proliferative arrest, ABA-signaling, dormancy and stress tolerance increased. Further bud development was correlated with increased expression of WOX11 and PLT5 followed by PLT2, PLT4 and genes encoding RGF peptides that regulate PLT-expression and bud development. Expression of the ARF7-regulated LBD29, a gene required for nodal root formation, increased in parallel with increasing bud size to a maximum late in NRB development. Appearance of the nodal root bud cap late in development coincided with expression of SMB and FEZ, whereas genes such as WOX5 and two MYB36 family members were expressed at higher levels in outgrowing aerial roots. Genes involved in gibberellin, brassinosteroid, strigolactone, ethylene, jasmonate, salicyclic acid, and eATP signaling showed complex patterns of expression during nodal root bud formation. Overall, this study provides a detailed description of bioenergy sorghum nodal root bud development and transcriptome information useful for molecular analysis of networks that regulate nodal root development.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Data from: Shift from an extensive to an intensive root nutrient-acquisition mode with stand development of three Pinus species
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Natural variation in a cortex/epidermis-specific transcription factor bZIP89 determines lateral root development and drought resilience in maize
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Data from: Sorghum bicolor TX08001 nodal root tissue development gene expression profiling
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Data from: Rhizodeposition through root senescence and root exudation of atmospheric C and N by legumes is controlled by traits indicative of resource acquisition and root development
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Data from: Effects of species diversity on fine root productivity increase with stand development and associated mechanisms in a boreal forest
There is a growing interest in understanding the relationship between diversity and below-ground productivity due to the critical contribution of below-ground systems to overall terrestrial productivity. Yet, the temporal (seasonal and developmental) changes in diversity effects on below-ground productivity and their underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that (i) diversity effects on fine root productivity increase with stand development, and (ii) increased diversity effects associated with stand development result from augmented horizontal soil space utilization, increased forest floor depth for rooting, enhanced effects in nutrient-poor soil layers and/or foraging towards high nutrient availability. We investigated the effects of tree species diversity on fine root productivity by sampling 18 stands dominated by single species and their mixtures in post-fire boreal forests of two stand ages (8 and 34 years following stand-replacing fire). Species evenness was significantly higher in species mixtures than in single-species-dominated stands at both age classes, while species richness did not differ across stand types and age classes. We found that the annual fine root production was higher in mixtures than the mean of single-species-dominated stands in both stand ages, with a significantly higher magnitude of effects in the 34-year-old than 8-year-old stands. Mixtures had higher horizontal soil volume filling than single-species-dominated stands with a more pronounced increase in the 34-year-old than 8-year-old stands. Compared with the 8-year-old stands, the 34-year-old stands had increased forest floor depth and greater overyielding with soil depth, and their fine root productivity was more responsive to the vertical variation in soil phosphorus concentrations among soil layers. Synthesis. Our results provide evidence for increasing positive diversity effects on fine root productivity with stand development in heterogeneous natural forests. Moreover, our results indicate that the increased positive diversity effects with stand development was the result of multiple mechanisms, including higher horizontal soil volume filling, a thicker forest floor layer for rooting, a higher magnitude of complementarity in nutrient-poor deep soil layers and stronger nutrient foraging towards soil layers with high nutrient concentrations in older than younger stands.
Data from: The quiescent centre of the root apical meristem: Conceptual developments from Clowes to modern times
<p>This data for the review article "The quiescent centre of the root apical meristem: Conceptual developments from Clowes to modern times" published in Journal of Experimental Botany by Joseph G. Dubrovsky and Victor B. Ivanov (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab305">https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab305</a>) includes a complete bibliography of Frederick Albert Lionel Clowes in chronological order. The referred article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Clowes, who during his career investigated organization, function, and maintenance of the root apical meristem in plants and who discovered and formulated a concept of the quiescent centre, as a group of cells now considered to be stem cells in plant roots. In the main text, the authors discuss how our understanding and concepts about the root apical meristem and the quiescent centre changed over time, from F.A.L. Clowes to the present times. Before this work, the full bibliography of F.A.L. Clowes was unavailable. This data fills in this gap.</p>
Data linked to publication entitled "Biochar derived from Acai agroindustry waste enhances nutritional status and biomass in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants: Evidence connected to root development and leaf performance"
<p>Data linked to publication entitled "Biochar derived from Acai agroindustry waste enhances nutritional status and biomass in young Eucalyptus urophylla plants: Evidence connected to root development and leaf performance"</p>
Figure 4 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 4. Mucomyia emersa immature stages. (a) Larval head capsule, ventral view; (b) larval mouthparts, ventral view; (c) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view; (d) segment IX of pupa, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: lm = labium; lr = labrum; mc = maxillary cardo; md = mandible; mp = maxillary palp.
Figure 7 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 7. Mucomyia browni adult male and female. (a) Male head, frontal view; (b) wing; (c) apical flagellomeres of antenna; (d) male terminalia, dorsal view; (e) female terminalia, ventral view. Scale bars = 125 µm (a), 50 µm (c, d), 100 µm (e).
Figure 6 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 6. Scanning electron micrographs of larval and pupal Mucomyia emersa. (a) Antenna of larva, dorsal view; (b) anal division of larva, dorsal view; (c) segment VII of larva, dorsolateral view; (d) detail of posterior spiracles of larva, dorsal view; (e) respiratory organ of pupa, anterodorsal view; (f) mesonotum of pupa, anterodorsal view; (g) partial thorax and abdomen of pupa, anterodorsal view; (h) segment IX of pupa, dorsal view. Scale bars = 10 µm (a–f), 100 µm (g, h). Abbreviations: m = mesotergite; me = mushroom element; mt = microtrichia; p = protergite; pr = pores; ps = posterior spiracles; st = setae; t = metatergite.
Figure 5 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 5. Mucomyia emersa adult male. (a) Male head, frontal view, (b) male terminalia, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: ae = aedeagus; ea = ejaculatory apodeme; ep = epandrium; gc = gonocoxal condyle; gs = gonostyle; gx = gonocoxite; ha = hypandrium; ho = hypoproct; pm = paramere; ss = surstylus; tn = tenaculum.
Figure 1 in Aquatic insects in the forest canopy: a new genus of moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) developing in slime on aerial roots
Figure 1. Araceae plant from which Mucomyia emersa larvae were collected. (a) Habitus of plant, (b) detail of plant mucilage inhabited by larvae.
Genome-Wide Association Studies meta-analysis uncovers NOJO and SGS3 novel genes involved in Arabidopsis thaliana primary root development and plasticity
<p>Postembryonic primary root growth relies on meristems that harbour multipotent stem cells that produce new cells that will duplicate and provide all the different root cell types. <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> primary root growth has become a model for evo-devo studies due to its simplicity and facility to record cell proliferation and differentiation. To identify new genetic components relevant to primary root growth, we used a Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) meta-analysis approach using data published in the last decade. In this work, we performed intra and inter-studies analyses to discover new genetic components that could participate in primary root growth. We used 639 accessions from nine different studies and performed different GWAS tests ranging from single studies and pairwise analysis with high correlation associations, analyzing the same number of accessions in different studies to using the daily data of the root growth kinetic of the same research. We found that primary root growth changes were associated with 41 genomic loci, of which six (14.6%) have been previously described as inhibitors or promoters of primary root growth. The knockdown of genes associated with two of these loci: a gene that participates in Trans-acting siRNAs (tasiRNAs) processing <em>Suppressor of Gene Silencing</em> (<em>SGS3</em>) and a gene with a Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) confirmed their participation as repressors of primary root growth. As none has been shown to participate in this developmental process before, our GWAS analysis identified new genes that participate in primary root growth. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the genomic basis of root development and further demonstrate the usefulness of GWAS meta-analyses in non-human species.</p>
Supplementary figure collections 1–3 of 'Interspecies co‐expression analysis of lateral root development using inducible systems in rice, Medicago, and Arabidopsis'
<p>Supplementary figure collections 1–3 of 'Interspecies co‐expression analysis of lateral root development using inducible systems in rice, Medicago, and Arabidopsis' (10.1111/tpj.16481)</p>
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